We must improve language learning and international education at all levels if our nation is to continue to lead in the global economy; to help bring security and stability to the world; and to build stronger and more productive ties with our neighbors.
The United States is a country made up of many cultures—and we often celebrate that diversity. But just as often, we rely on the predominance of English as the language of global business and higher education when looking toward the world.
"Europe's major countries, which once sent their huddled masses to the United States, now have foreign-born populations comparable to that of the United States. But only some European minds and fewer European hearts have adjusted to that reality" (¶4, 2018.04.11)
"In order for Japanese people to be able to make necessary contributions and play an important role in the future of the world as a member of the international community, it is vital that Japanese people cultivate an interest in other countries. In particular, I have a strong desire to see the younger generation on which the future of Japan depends upon, look outward to the world."
"Economist Nicholas Stern lays out a plan, presented to the UN's Climate Summit in 2014, showing how the world's countries can work together on climate" (deck, ¶1, 2014.10.31).
Language descriptions in the Ethnologue
are organized by world area, UN region, and country
indicate region of use within countries
list alternate language and dialect names
specify the three-letter code from ISO 639-3
estimate speaker populations
give genetic classification of the language
describe language use and viability
identify writing scripts used
cite availability of literature and other products of language development
"This brief examines the practices of recruitment and selection of teachers in five countries: Australia (specifically, New South Wales and Victoria), Canada (Alberta and Ontario), Finland, Shanghai, and Singapore. It describes features that are unique to each and underscores themes that are common to all" (p. 1).
"The 'Climate Action Tracker' is an independent science-based assessment, which tracks the emission commitments and actions of countries. The website provides an up-to-date assessment of individual national pledges and currently implemented policy to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions" (deck, 2015.03.16).
"The Australian Curriculum sets out the core knowledge, understanding, skills and general capabilities important for all Australian students. It describes what all young Australians are to be taught as a foundation for their future learning, growth and active participation in the Australian community" (Australian Curriculum, ¶1, 2016.07.20).
"Washback becomes negative when learners spend so much time preparing for exams that they do not develop the actual skills and abilities those tests are meant to measure, thereby calling into question the very validity (and wisdom) of the tests themselves."
"Not only inside the university but after graduating when it comes to career options[,] the knowledge and fluency of English can be very helpful. Every professional job needs a good usage of English. To engage in international trade activities, to develop technical skills required in modern industries and for many other opportunities in developing the personal career, need the usage of English" (¶13, 2015.08.19).
Taiwan's Consumers' Foundation has called on local universities to take responsibility for improving English-language skills among their students, in view of the fact that a certain standard of English proficiency is a prerequisite to obtaining a degree.
The foundation urged the country's universities to help improve their students English proficiency by offering more training so that the students would not need to spend a fortune taking English classes at cram schools.
"Education Ministry secretary general Tan Sri Madinah Mohamad said the future generations need to be equal or better in their English proficiency to compete in the rapidly changing globalised world" (Achariam, 2015).
Achariam, Timothy. (2015, August 6). Raising proficiency in English pivotal to next gen's future. The Sun Daily [Kuala Lumpur]. Retrieved from http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1512360
This page provides an overview of the Abe Fellowship Program, its purpose and research agenda: "The Abe Fellowship Program Committee seeks applications for research explicitly focused on policy-relevant and contemporary issues with a comparative or transnational perspective that draw the study of the United States and Japan into wider disciplinary or theoretical debates" (Policy-Relevant, Contemporary, and Comparative or Transnational Research, ¶2) from eligible candidates every year by September 1st.
Rajaendram and Khor (2015) quoted an open letter from "a group of prominent Malaysian" that embraced integrative motivation for developing English proficiency: "'[I]f we aspire to be more proficient in the language, we are only trying to be better citizens of the world'" (¶4). What a breathe of fresh air among all the integrative motives that articles like this one often highlight!
Rajaendram, Rebecca, & Khor, Ann-Marie. (2015, August 9). Speaking the global language. The Star Online, Education section. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Education/2015/08/09/Speaking-the-global-language/
"The purpose of Global Freedom of Expression & Information @Columbia (Global FoE&I @Columbia) is to advance understanding of, and promote, international norms and institutions that protect the free flow of information and expression in an inter-connected global community with major common challenges to face and address" (Objectives, ¶1, 2015.03.17).
Glaser, M., Kitzberger, M., Widerhofer, W. & Geyrhalter, N. (Producers), and Boote, Werner (Director). (2013). Population Boom [Documentary film]. Austria: Nikolaus Geyrhalter Filmproduktion.
powerful languages of the world may express national identities, or they may be the medium for the expression of other collective identities distinct from or even in conflict with the nation
Absorption and incorporation may be the preferred option for the powerful; for others – the majority, we suspect – the plurality and diversity of human expression, even within the world’s most powerful languages, is what the intercultural approach, moving from language learning to languaging, can both celebrate and encourage
It is therefore our task in the next chapter to begin to discover a way forward, to find theory and method sufficient to the task of creating critical dispositions for languaging and being intercultural
Excerpt from Chapter 1, The Politics of Language (Phipps & Gonzalez, 2004)
Phipps, Alison, and Gonzalez, Mike. (2004). Modern Languages: Learning and Teaching in an Intercultural Field. London, UK: Sage Publications.