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Animals have the right to be treated as beings of value in themselves

the end of cruelty to animals

animals are not routinely treated well by animal experimenters

It's that time of year again - the buildup to the holiday whose name so many people are afraid to say. "Merry Christmas." Why do these two words offend so many people? Why is this greeting such a big problem? Why are their retail stores that insist their employees say "Happy Holidays"? Of course, some have even dropped the 's', and wish people a "Happy Holiday." What holiday are they talking about? Why can't they just say it!? Why are there so many offices that are afraid to have a "Christmas" party? Why are public schools forbidden to utter the word "Christmas" and, in some cases, not allowed to even have red and green decorations or visits from Santa Claus? What's the problem with Christmas? In truth, there should be NO problem with Christmas - and there should be no problem , thankfully, some retail stores like Wal-Mart are wising up to this fact.

tmas" party? Why are public schools forbidden to utter the word "Christmas" and, in some cases,

"One cannot support the reduction of AIDS infections and support legal prostitution at the same time. Prostitution remains one of the leading vectors for AIDS infection. This is true in the case of both legal and illegal prostitution... Prostitutes, because of their many partners, have a greatly increased risk of exposure to HIV. They are likewise able to spread HIV to many other partners...

There are a multitude of studies to show the high level of abuse that prostitutes suffer. Women are literally bought and sold as property. The incidence of drug addiction is high among women, partially explaining why they became prostitutes to begin with. The argument for legalization goes something like this. Prostitution will happen anyway but legalization and regulation will help stem the abuses. The argument has 50,000 foot appeal. Using the same logic, slavery (which still exists in many places) should be legalized so underground slaves can be given some measure of human rights. The fact that the ACLU and the bevy of left-wing international groups don't argue for the legalization of slavery shows the logical inconsistency of their position. Further, the legalization of abortion has shown that it lead to a radical increase in abortion. The legalization will lead to an untold number of women being forced into sex slavery. Make no mistake, women will be forced into commercial sex work in greater numbers if it were legalized."

Legalized prostitution creates the same problems that legalized marijuana does. While prostitution is legal, forced prostitution is not. The latter occurs, and the new German law unintentionally makes it harder to hunt down human traffickers, especially from Eastern Europe and Africa. Similarly, it is harder to combat under-aged prostitution. With legalized marijuana and prostitution, Amsterdam became a magnet for human traffickers, drug traders and petty criminals. This is not the world legalization’s proponents envisioned, but it happened."

Many Halloween traditions and symbols can be traced to ancient pagan celebrations of the harvest season before the onset of winter. Part of the process of the Christianization of Europe was the appropriation of holidays, including this one. Thus the church, under the direction of Pope Gregory IV, created All Hallow's Eve for October 31 and All Saints Day for November 1 starting in the year 835. In some ways, these dates were the start of the Christmas season for traditional Christianity.

Although the number of people who celebrate anything religious on Halloween is very small, that shouldn't matter if it is celebrated in a religious way in public schools — it would still be unconstitutional.

One sign of just how much Halloween has changed and can change is the relatively rapid development of it from a children's holiday into a largely adult holiday. Adults are spending more and more on Halloween costumes, favors, and parties. Children's celebrations have been curtailed and eclipsed.

Mill begins by trying to pin down the meaning of justice, by coming up with a list of those things that are commonly classified as just or unjust. First, it is considered unjust to deprive someone of his legal rights. However, this concept has exceptions. For example, a person may have legal rights he should not have--his rights may be the provision of a bad law. While people vary on whether bad laws can be justly disobeyed, all people agree that laws can be unjust. Therefore, law cannot be the ultimate standard of justice. A second form of injustice comes from depriving someone of something he has a moral right to possess. Third, it is considered just that a person receive what he "deserves," and unjust that he obtain something he doesn't deserve; people are thought to deserve good things if they have done right, and evil things if they have done wrong. A fourth form of injustice is to violate an agreement with someone or disappoint expectations that one knowingly nurtured. Fifth, it is considered unjust to show favoritism and preference in inappropriate circumstances. However, it is not generally necessary to be impartial; for example, one doesn't have to be impartial in the selection of friends. The claim is rather that a person should only be influenced by those considerations that should apply in a given circumstance. Finally, the idea of equality is seen by many to be a component of justice; some people may make an exception for the sake of expediency, however.

paradoxical effects

failed to achieve your goal of being happy

negative effects of valuing happiness are most likely to occur in situations where people feel they should be happy

Both the happiness and anti-happiness forces actually agree on something important—that we Americans tend to grab superficial quick fixes such as extravagant purchases and fatty foods to subdue any negative feelings that overcome us. Such measures seem to hinge on a belief that constant happiness is somehow our birthright. Indeed, a body of research shows instant indulgences do calm us down—for a few moments. But they leave us poorer, physically unhealthy, and generally more miserable in the long run—and lacking in the real skills to get us out of our rut.

Prostitution is generally defined as the practice of providing sexual services for money, but because it requires a buyer and a seller it can more appropriately be defined as the practice of exchanging money for sexual services.

Levels of prostitution increased during the FIRST WORLD WAR when there was little employment for women, and decreased during the SECOND WORLD WAR, perhaps as a result of the greater economic opportunities for women in war-related industries.

the exchange have always been prohibited. Currently these include: 1) procuring or living on the avails of prostitution; 2) owning, operating, or occupying a bawdy house; 3) all forms of public communication for the purpose of prostitution; 4) knowingly transporting another to a bawdy house; and 5) purchasing sexual services from someone less than 18 years of age.

Among the works of man, which human life is rightly employed in perfecting and beautifying, the first in importance surely is man himself. Supposing it were possible to get houses built, corn grown, battles fought, causes tried, and even churches erected and prayers said, by machinery--by automatons in human form--it would be a considerable loss to exchange for these automatons even the men and women who at present inhabit the more civilized parts of the world, and who assuredly are but starved specimens of what nature can and will produce. Human nature is not a machine to be built after a model, and set to do exactly the work prescribed for it, but a tree, which requires to grow and develop itself on all sides, according to the tendency of the inward forces which make it a living thing.

But just for the sake of discussion, let’s bring the whole issue closer to home. Suppose your son or your daughter is, for some reason, the target of kidnappers and that they’ve put your child in a hidden location with a bomb scheduled to go off if you don’t pay them a million dollars. Now, suppose you have one of the kidnappers in custody. What would you be willing to do, assuming you couldn’t get the money, to find out where your child was being held and get him or her away from the bomb? Whoops, you can’t slap the kidnapper! That would be torture! You can’t even threaten to shoot him if he doesn’t tell you what you need to know! Again, that would be torture! Do you think you might be inclined to take whatever action necessary to save your child? Or would you let your child die to avoid torture? The world is, and always has been, a vicious place and its fine and grand and noble to talk about never using torture or the threat of torture – in the abstract. I would contend, however, that if the life of your child or your spouse or your best friend was on the line, you might not look on a slap as the unlawful infliction of severe physical pain in quite the same light. In the abstract, we can call it torture. When the lives of loved ones are at stake, I submit that being slapped around seems relatively mild – but I could be wrong.

While it is true that medical researchers have developed some alternatives to animal use in recent years, such as computer simulation and the use of human-cell lines, these tools are merely useful supplements and complements - not replacements - to research with animals.

prevent a pandemic

As a result of these animal studies, WHO researchers have announced that the coronavirus is, without a doubt, the cause of SARS.

Animals not only react differently than humans to different drugs, vaccines, and experiments, they also react differently from one another. Ignoring this difference has been and continues to be very costly to human health.

Thalidomide tragedy of the 1960s and 1970s

Clioquinol

The pursuit of happiness is instictive for most human beings.

happiness is our normal condition.

I think a better description for unhappiness should be: self-ignorance.

Each forced sex-act has the same mental impact on a girl as rape

The real meaning of love becomes twisted.

* Emotional effects

but also animal lives are saved because of animal testing.

Many of the medications and procedures that we currently use today wouldn’t exist

An inalienable right enumerated in the Declaration of Independence, in addition to life and liberty; the right to pursue any legal activity as long as it does not infringe on the rights of others.

The Geneva Conventions and the UN Convention Against Torture, firewalls for our collective humanity, expressly forbid it. It is prohibited without qualification in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights - a document signed by people from every corner and culture of the Earth who had survived the suffering of both world wars, the horrors of fascism, and the evil of the Holocaust. They understood well that global humanitarian norms and a rules-based world order are in all our interests

The twenty years from 1920 to 1940 saw a tripling in consumption with 182 billion cigarettes sold for a per capita number of 1,976.  Not coincidentally these twenty years saw the explosive growth of the new entertainment medium, the movies.  It was a rare move produced in those days that did not have smoking on screen.  WWII created another upsurge in smoking, as millions of GIs picked up the habit to temper the boredom and stress of combat. The 1945 numbers jumped to 341 billion and 3,449 per capita, or roughly half a pack a day for every person over the age of 18.

it's so obvious to most people that there are benefits from animal experiments, and those who might speak out, that is people who actually do work in animal research, have, quite rightly, been very worried about whether they were putting themselves and their families at risk.

But Stein says despite that, he and others have finally decided they must speak out. He points out that penicillin was first isolated at Oxford, tested on 20 mice in a lab just near his. Vaccines have been developed here too that have saved millions of lives, he says. Oxford scientists are now working on a cure for malaria. All have involved testing on animals.

xford scientists are now working on a cure for malaria. All have involved testing on animals.