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Nurse anesthetists, nurse midwives, and nurse practitioners, also referred to as advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), provide and coordinate patient care and they may provide primary and specialty health care. The scope of practice varies from state to state.

This study compares the labor and delivery outcomes of certified nurse-midwives (CNMs) and physicians. For care processes, (e.g., epidural, labor induction, episiotomy), CNMs were found to have lower rates of application/use. For infant outcomes, (e.g., low Apgar, low birth weight, neonatal intensive care unit admission), there were no differences between physicians and CNMs. Perineal lacerations were lower and breastfeeding rates were higher among women cared for by CNMs compared with physicians.

Great document that highlights the scope of practice of CNMs and the patient population.

Interesting viewpoint of the history of nurse midwifery education in the US, as well as a brief history on the speciality in general.

List of NP residency programs available in US. Included primary care, acute care, ENP, peds, and several specialty settings (no midwives - sorry!)

Here are even more programs that offer residencies

List of various residencies/ fellowships for different specialties

This article is about the scope of practice of midwives and childbirth outcomes. It discusses the relationship between autonomous practice and better birth outcomes. The article suggests there should be future policies to expand the access to midwifery services.

While this article is not specific to the FNP specialty, I find it interesting because it discusses the evolving global role of APRNs.

This article provides a brief history of the APRN role and the advancement from a CRNA, to midwives, then to FNPs. The focus is the family nurse practitioner role. The author shows the connection with Erik Ericsson's stages of development and provides examples of how the role of the NP progressed through those stages. Examples are also provided from a world development perspective, as each country has also had to move through the same phases of development before moving on to the next. The author concludes that we (the U.S.) are still in the final stage of development (Integrity-older adult).

This resource provides a brief history of APRN and outlines the developmental steps in advanced practice roles that can be helpful know for countries where the role of APRN are being established or growing.