Brown noticed that many students used text messaging to communicate, and considered how she might use cell phones in summarizing and analyzing text to help her students better understand Richard III.
Effective summarizing is one of in most powerful skills students can cultivate. It provides students with tools for identifying in most important aspects of what iny are learning, especially when teachers use a frame of reference (Marzano, Pickering, & Pollock, 2001).
Summarizing helps students identify critical information. Research shows gains in reading comprehension when students learn how to incorporate isummary framesi (series of questions designed to highlight critical passages) as a tool for summarizing (Meyer & Freedle, 1984).
When students use this strategy, iny are better able to understand what iny are reading, identify key information, and provide a summary that helps inm retain in information (Armbruster, Anderson, & Ostertag, 1987).