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Complete Guide to Psychology for Students, Educators & Enthusiasts. Find psychology articles, student resources and learn about the theories and perspectives that have shaped the discipline. Does a great job of breaking down all the different theories in ways that can be easily understood!

This is a video of the 2012 American Psychological Association "Diane Halpern" lecture on metacognition in education. Dr. Elizabeth Yost Hammer, the faculty developer at Xavier Univerisity, discusses the importance of developing incoming college students' metacognition and the techniques to do so. From 0:00 - 07:00, Dr. Hammer discusses the term, metacognition, and applies it to the typical student with poor self-assessment skills. During 11:00 - 16:30, characteristics of incoming high-school students are discussed and provides insight into why these students may have poor metacognitive and study skills. Techniques to teach metacognition to students are discussed in detail during 18:30 - 36:30. I would highly recommend this section for those interesting in learning more about formative assessment. Dr. Stephen Chew, also discussed in our lecture, makes a brief appearance at 36:30 - 38:00 and discusses his video series, "How to study hard and still fail..." Finally, Dr. Hammer concludes her lecture with other habits of mind that play a role in the development of metacognition, such as the fixed mindset theory.

Dr. Stephen Chew is a professor and chair of psychology at Samford University in Birmingham, AL. He is a cognitive psychologist with interests in teaching strategies, formative assessment, and cognition & instruction. I have included brief descriptions of his video series below: Video series: "How to study long and hard and still fail… or how to get the most out of studying" Video #1: "Beliefs that make you stupid" 1. Learning is fast. 2. Learning isolated facts (note cards). 3. Fixed mindset. 4. Good at multi-tasking (while studying, i.e. texting, computer breaks, games, etc.) Video #2: Examined a study looking at "levels of processing." Study examines shallow v. deep processing, intent v. incidential exposure, and strict memorization. Group with deep processing (regardless of intent v. incidential) had the highest recall. Shallow = memorization. Deep = understanding, comprehending, applying, visualizing Video #3: Four ideas to achieve deep processing: elaboration (how does this relate?), distinction (how is this similar/different?), personal (how does this relate to experience?), appropriate retrieval and application (how am I expected to use or apply this concept?). Extent of use of each principle depends on professor style! Video #4: Study strategies: Ask questions! (facts [ok], relationships, compare/contrast, apply in new situation, apply to personal experience, etc.). Concept maps (visual learners?), Retrieve info in way teach expects (2 parts: recall without notes, use information). Also discusses note-taking, good highlighting. Video #5: Don't panic/deny failure. Evaluate exam preparation (lecture, required readings, study technique, etc.), review exam with professor, review notes!, talk with professor, develop revised study plan.

Hosted by the site Brain Pickings, this article is a good review of fixed mindset vs. growth mindset. Also, there is a great info graphic to help explain the difference.