ECONOMIA DOS TRANSPORTES

Regional Vanpools VANPOOLS - THE BEST CHOICE FOR COMMUTING Vanpoolers Choose to share the ride with 5 to 15 other people Choose their departure and arrival times Choose the best route to travel Choose to save $$$ by sharing the costs of commuting Choose to reduce the wear and tear on their personal automobiles Choose to reduce their dependence on foreign oil Choose to be part of the solution . . . not part of the growing traffic congestion problem. Choose to relax and enjoy the ride. Vanpoolers have choices and SO DO YOU! What is a vanpool? A vanpool is a group seven to fifteen people who commute together to and from work in a late model 12- or 15-passenger van. The van is provided on a month-to-month basis by The TMA Group. Insurance, maintenance and repairs, license and registration are provided by The TMA Group. The riders share the monthly operating costs. How much does it cost? Monthly costs vary based upon the number of miles traveled and the number of riders in the vanpool. The average cost of vanpooling in Middle Tennessee is $85 plus actual fuel usage. In addition, your employer can offer a commuter benefits program that includes vanpooling to further reduce your monthly commuting costs. Under the Internal Revenue Code Section 132(f)(2)(A), Qualified Transportation Fringe Benefit, your employer can: (1) Provide you a tax-free benefit for vanpooling up to $230 per month (federal employees and certain other private and public employees are provided this benefit) ; or (2) Provide you with the option to designate a portion of salary before taxes (pretax income) to pay for your monthly vanpool expenses. Who drives? One member of the vanpool group agrees to become the primary driver; there must be one or more other members of the group who agree to become an alternate driver in the event the primary driver is not available. A vanpool driver must be at least 25 years of age, hold a current and valid driver's license, and a good driving record. What is t

About Us The Transportation Management Association (TMA) Group is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit corporation and was established in 1988 as a public-private partnership of business, governmental, and community leaders, who understand that transportation can either make our communities great or break the backbone of our communities. The TMA Group supports a regional transportation system that provides a variety of accessible, affordable, reliable, and interconnected transportation choices that are both healthy for the environment and for people. Our goal is for everyone, in every community, in every stage of life to have affordable and convenient travel options available to them. The TMA Group 708 Columbia Avenue, Franklin, Tennessee 37064 Telephone:             615-790-4005       info@tmagroup.org

DOOR-TO-DOOR IN A CLICK The challenges of climate change, increasing congestion and fuel costs mean we need to find smarter ways to travel. Multimodal travel - using different types of transport for one journey - is part of the answer. It may not only be better for the environment, it may also be easier on our wallets. Multimodal travel is by its very nature more complex. That is where multimodal journey planners come in. These online tools can help travellers plan a journey from A to B detailing the different types of transport to take, times and even fares

Traffic congestion costs and poor quality infrastructure have been found to be the main factors negatively influencing competitiveness of urban areas. Lack of attention to environmental and social aspects in infrastructure development reduces the profitability of investments in infrastructure as well as opportunities for contributing to economic growth and improving quality of life. In turn, environmental quality and a more sustainable spatial approach enhance the livability of cities, and thus its attractiveness for foreign direct investment.

How to choose environment-friendly means of transport Transport is responsible for one-fourth of all Norwegian emissions. A new research project is now underway to identify the changes needed to reduce emissions from this sector. By Silje Pileberg If major, comprehensive measures are not implemented, the transport sector's impact on the climate will continue to increase throughout this century. This applies to Norway as well. From 1990 to 2005, emissions from the transport sector increased by 27 percent, while total emissions in Norway increased by 9 percent. The Norwegian Government's white paper on climate change calls for emissions from the transport sector to be reduced by 2.5 to 4 million tonnes of CO2 compared with the anticipated level of emissions in 2020. What must be done to reach this goal?   "There are many research activities now underway that aim to develop environment- and climate-friendly technology. But it does not help to design and build emission-free forms of transport if we cannot get society to use them," says Lasse Fridstrøm, Managing Director of the Institute of Transport Economics.   Fridstrøm heads the recently-launched research project called TEMPO, which will study the social conditions for a sustainable transport sector. Choices made every day "Choices between climate-friendly and climate-unfriendly transport alternatives are taken every day - by the individual consumer, company or agency. How can we get these millions of individual decisions to move in one sustainable direction?" asks Fridstrøm. He continues:   "How can we achieve one consistent, effective policy? What instruments do we have at our disposal? What instruments work best? Which ones do not work? There are many myths out there and just as little scientific knowledge."   The TEMPO project will create a better basis for decision-making on climate policy in the transport area. The Institute of Transport Economics is heading the project in conjunction

You are here: Home > Outreach > Cicerone 4-2004 > article Cicerone 4-2004 The effect of transport emissions on the climate The transport sector is responsible for a large share of gas and particle emissions that affect the climate. These emissions also threaten human health, crops, and the material infrastructure. Higher standards of living and increased travel are largely to blame. By Terje Berntsen Within the EU area, the only sector to see an increase in emissions of greenhouse gases is the transport sector: Emissions increased a full 20 percent in the period 1990-1999. Transportation emissions also increased in Norway - by 14 percent - although the greatest increase was registered in the petroleum sector (almost 50 percent). (Source: Miljøstatus i Norge). Not just CO2 In addition to emissions of CO2 from the combustion of fossil fuels, mobile sources also emit a number of gases that live only a relatively short time in atmosphere (up to a few months) but can have a significant radiative forcing. Combustion engines emit nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and unburned hydrocarbons, which are chemically transformed in the atmosphere, creating other gases such as ozone. Ozone is a greenhouse gas and poses a regional air pollution problem damaging human health and agricultural crops. Sulfuric fuels, particularly heavy oil used aboard ships, lead to the creation of sulfate particles that directly and indirectly increase the reflection of sunlight and thus have a cooling effect. Diesel engines emit considerable amounts of small soot particles that absorb sunlight and thus lead to a warming of the climate. Climate Impact of Transport System (CITS), a joint project between CICERO and the University of Oslo, has analyzed the total climate forcing from the transport sector for all relevant emissions. Figure 1 shows the radiative forcing for the emissions within the transport sector and by gasses/particles from pre-industrial times to the present. The s

Fuglestvedt, Jan S., Keith P. Shine, Jolene Cook, Terje Berntsen, David Lee, Andrea Stenke, Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, Guus Velders and Ian Waitz, 2010. Transport Impacts on Atmosphere and Climate: Metrics. Atmospheric Environment, 2010 (44): pp.             4648-4677      .

Climate Impacts of Transport Systems: Chemical responses and radiative forcing More details Abstract The impacts of historical and current emissions from all major transport sectors (road, rail, marine, and air traffic) on the global climate are assessed in terms of current and future radiative forcing. Particular emphasis is given to the effects of short-lived species, such as tropospheric ozone (through emissions of precursors) and aerosols, in addition to the long-lived greenhouse gases (mainly CO2). Since current atmospheric levels of the long-lived gases are determined by emission histories, we estimate historical emissions for each of the four transport sectors to calculate their specific contributions to radiative forcing from pre-industrial times. For the short-lived species we use a global 3-D chemical transport model (Oslo CTM2), which includes a comprehensive photochemical scheme and modules for sulphate, soot and organic carbon aerosols. A radiative transfer model is used to calculate the radiative forcing from the changes in gases and aerosols. The transport sector causes radiative forcing of both signs (i.e. warming and cooling) and we find large differences in magnitude of forcing between the various gases/aerosols as well as between the different transport sectors. The dominating current forcing is due to CO2 and tropospheric O3, while sulphate and reductions in CH4 lifetime cause significant negative forcing. Road transport is the sector with the largest net forcing, while marine transport causes a significant negative net forcing, mainly due to increased sulphate levels and reduced atmospheric lifetime of methane. In addition to using radiative forcing from pre-industrial times up to present as the metric for comparisons (i.e. a backward looking perspective), we also compare, using different time horizons, the future radiative forcing from the current transport emissions. This provides a more relevant metric for policy-making. Reference Fuglestve

Safe Routes to School (SRTS)The Safe Routes To School (SRTS) program is part of a national (and international) movement to improve the health and well-being of children in grades K-8-including those with disabilities-by making it safe, convenient and fun to walk or bike to school every day.

Um bom ponto de partida para quem estiver interessado em trabalhar a questão da mobilidade com um recorte de gênero.