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"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is already having a major impact on society. As a result, many organizations have launched a wide range of initiatives to establish ethical principles for the adoption of socially beneficial AI. Unfortunately, the sheer volume of proposed principles threatens to overwhelm and confuse. How might this problem of 'principle proliferation' be solved? In this paper, we report the results of a fine-grained analysis of several of the highest-profile sets of ethical principles for AI. We assess whether these principles converge upon a set of agreed-upon principles, or diverge, with significant disagreement over what constitutes 'ethical AI.' Our analysis finds a high degree of overlap among the sets of principles we analyze. We then identify an overarching framework consisting of five core principles for ethical AI. Four of them are core principles commonly used in bioethics: beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice. On the basis of our comparative analysis, we argue that a new principle is needed in addition: explicability, understood as incorporating both the epistemological sense of intelligibility (as an answer to the question 'how does it work?') and in the ethical sense of accountability (as an answer to the question: 'who is responsible for the way it works?'). In the ensuing discussion, we note the limitations and assess the implications of this ethical framework for future efforts to create laws, rules, technical standards, and best practices for ethical AI in a wide range of contexts."

"The open money manifesto, first published in the previous edition of Kohkoku, declares that money problems can be easily fixed by using our own moneys. Any community, network, and association can have its own money simply by providing a set of accounts through which members can record their trades. Eventually, almost all communities will use their own money. It's just a question of time and a matter of design. A society that does this will eliminate the problems associated with lack of money. Imagine a world without poverty, homelessness, unemployment and exploitation - a world where there is always enough money to meet all our needs. Such a world is not only possible, but also probable. In the last Kohkoku we wrote about memes, self-replicating elements of culture, passed on by imitation. Society will transform itself as the open money meme connects with open minds, who in turn propagate the idea throughout the culture. In this way, from one to some, from some to many, from many to millions, like the imaginal cells that turn caterpillar to butterfly, transformation will happen. In this issue of the magazine we provide a simple game to explore these ideas and set the stage for further development. "

As reported by Nesta, an innovation charity with a mission to help people and organisations bring great ideas to life: As technology shapes our world, young people need to be able to shape it too. As skills and work become increasingly technologically mediated, the need for digital skills is paramount with some calculating a potential £2 billion loss to the UK economy from unfilled roles requiring such skills. After several years working with organisations supporting digital making, and with creating with technology set to go mainstream through a forthcoming BBC campaign, this report takes stock of what is happening. Key Findings: 82 per cent of young people say they are interested in digital making. However, half of young people make things with digital technology less than once a week or never. Parents are overwhelmingly supportive of digital making. 89 per cent think it is a worthwhile activity for their children. 73 per cent encourage their children to make things with technology. We identified 130,800 opportunities to experience digital making provided by the organisations surveyed. This is a long way from providing for the interest shown by 82 per cent of our survey, which represents a possible 8.2 million school age children and young people in the UK. Digital making is powered not just by money, but also by volunteers. Two thirds of the organisations identified said they relied on volunteers to do their work. Only half of teachers who teach ICT or computing report being confident in teaching the curriculum.

"The creative industries workforce requires employees that use ICT applications to solve the knowledge related tasks at work. The aim of this research is twofold: (1) to see if previously cited twenty-first century digital skills are suited to the creative industries workforce and (2) to investigate the extent to which skill development get attention in current organizational practices. In-depth interviews were conducted with a sample of 24 managers and senior executives of creative organizations based in the Netherlands. As a guideline for the interviews, a conceptual twenty-first century digital skills framework was used. This framework presented the following seven core skills supported by the use of ICT: technical, information management, communication, collaboration, creativity, critical thinking, and problem solving. The following five contextual skills that play a role when using ICT were also presented: ethical awareness, cultural awareness, flexibility, self-direction, and lifelong learning. The results support the importance of twenty-first century digital skills, however, there seems to be insufficient attention to the levels of these skills; they play a minor role during the selection and evaluation procedures. Often it is assumed that existing digital skills are sufficient. Managers are encouraged to improve on developing requirements necessary for future employees as well as measurements to ensure current employees skill levels. The developed framework might be used as a management tool for indicating skills that need to be assessed among professionals working in the creative industries."

"In the last decade Open Science principles, such as Open Access, study preregistration, use of preprints, making available data and code, and open peer review, have been successfully advocated for and are being slowly adopted in many different research communities. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic many publishers and researchers have sped up their adoption of some of these Open Science practices, sometimes embracing them fully and sometimes partially or in a sub-optimal manner. In this article, we express concerns about the violation of some of the Open Science principles and its potential impact on the quality of research output. We provide evidence of the misuses of these principles at different stages of the scientific process. We call for a wider adoption of Open Science practices in the hope that this work will encourage a broader endorsement of Open Science principles and serve as a reminder that science should always be a rigorous process, reliable and transparent, especially in the context of a pandemic where research findings are being translated into practice even more rapidly"

Apertium is a free/open-source machine translation platform, initially aimed at related-language pairs but expanded to deal with more divergent language pairs (such as English-Catalan). The platform provides a language-independent machine translation engine tools to manage the linguistic data necessary to build a machine translation system for a given language pair and linguistic data for a growing number of language pairs.

" Seated practically thigh to thigh, these vendors crouch over laptops, scrolling through screen after screen of downloaded music. They are known as téléchargeurs, or downloaders, and they operate as an offline version of iTunes, Spotify and Pandora all rolled into one. They know what their regulars might like, from the latest Jay Z album to the obscurest songs of Malian music pioneers like Ali Farka Touré. Savvy musicians take their new material to Fankélé Diarra Street and press the téléchargeurs to give it a listen and recommend it to their customers. For a small fee - less than a dime a song - the téléchargeurs transfer playlists to memory cards or U.S.B. sticks, or directly onto cellphones. Customers share songs with their friends via short-range Bluetooth signals"

Go to school, listen to your teacher lecture, go home, do your homework. For centuries, this has been the way that school's been done. But now, a new model of teaching is turning the traditional classroom on its head. Under the flipped classroom model, students watch lectures at home, online. Class time is reserved for collaborative activities that help reinforce concepts and increase engagement. The present infographic on the Flipped Classroom has been published by knewton.com. it is mainly focused on the US market, but it translates a a deep coming change in the education sector and in the communication sector as well within the society. At MAC-Team, we have already been developing successful pilot approaches of the Flipped Classroom in 2013 in the WikiSkills project. Active and collaborative learning can go one step further where the students/learners have an active learning/teaching role, and where the teachers and the other stakeholders (educational governance, companies ...) also get involved and contribute in a new relationship model.

"A shiny new and rapidly growing interactive database that's showcasing the exciting, solutions-based work being implemented by permaculture projects and practitioners worldwide. If you're getting depressed watching current events, this is the site to reinvigorate the mind with real, lasting, holistic solutions for all the problems humanity currently faces. Have a look around, be inspired, and if you're a permaculture practitioner, be sure to register and upload your profile, add your project(s), and network with others to share inspiration, resources and support, and to advertise your services for a brave new economy."

"In this largely illustrated talk, Kosha Joubert shares how community-led regeneration can become a source of solutions for today's societal challenges. Kosha takes us on a journey around the globe to discover ecovillages, envisioning a world of empowered citizens and communities, designing and implementing their own pathways to a sustainable future, and building bridges of hope and international solidarity."

"The internet is a wonderful thing, a thing of knowledge and power but also a thing of beauty and inspiration. We are all a part of the internet in one way or another, whether that is via our emails or our social media accounts. But what do we all actually do on the internet? It's an interesting question which we here at Tech Spartan aim to answer in this infographic looking at what happens in an internet minute, comparing last year (2013) to this years latests statistics. Did you know that there are now 11.6% more internet users now than 1 whole year ago? "

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PREAMBULE a) Copie de sauvegarde 1 ici http://lite3.framapad.org/p/back-up-1-HEG-631-2-2103 b) URL du cours sur Moodle http://cyberlearn.hes-so.ch/course/view.php?id=789, A la fin des 5 sessions nous auront : A) résultats collectifs : A1 - une base de donnée de ressources documentaires sur la virtualisation (cloud computing) Cette base de donnée augmentant la réalité du cours en proposant, pour chaque notion clé abordée, : a) des définitions, b) des analyses comparatives c) visions prospectives.

"When I started exploring Open Badges a few years ago, I rapidly realised that not only were they a solution to several of the problems we had with ePortfolios, but they also had the potential to help us reinvent them - the Open Badge Passport initiative is our contribution to this. And now that I have started exploring the possible application of blockchains to Open Badges, I realise that not only were blockchains the perfect solution to a number of Open Badge problems, but they could also be a means to review our ideas on Open Badges altogether."

"EPIC Files Complaint with FTC about Employment Screening Firm HireVue Today, EPIC filed a complaint with the FTC alleging that recruiting company HireVue has committed unfair and deceptive practices in violation of the FTC Act. EPIC charged that HireVue falsely denies it uses facial recognition. EPIC also said the company failed to comply with baseline standards for AI decision-making, such as the OECD AI Principles and the Universal Guidelines for AI. The company purports to evaluate a job applicant's qualifications based upon their appearance by means of an opaque, proprietary algorithm. EPIC has brought many similar consumer privacy complaints to the FTC, including a complaint on Facebook's facial recognition practices that contributed to the FTC's 2019 settlement with Facebook. Last year EPIC also asked the FTC to investigate the Universal Tennis Rating system, a secret technique for scoring high school athletes"

Le mot ordinateur a été inventé en 1955, suite à une consultation, par IBM France, de Jacques Perret, professeur de philologie latine à la Sorbonne (Dieu, le grand ordinateur de l'univers). Le mot informatique a été inventé en par Philippe Dreyfus en 1962. Ce dernier, ancien directeur du Centre national de calcul électronique de Bull, l'a utilisé pour nommer une nouvelle société, la SIA (Société d'Informatique Appliquée). L'Académie Française en a donné une définition en 1966. Les adjectifs « numérique » et « binaire » étaient guère utilisées à l'époque.

Histoire des mots "informatique" et "ordinateur" en français

Un copyfraud est une fausse déclaration de possession de droit d'auteur faite dans le but d'acquérir le contrôle d'une œuvre quelconque. La définition a été proposée en 2006 par Jason Mazzone, un professeur associé en droit à la Brooklyn Law School. Related bookmarks: - Twitter, le micro-plagiat et la physique quantique du copyright http://www.a-brest.net/article18046.html - Fêter le patrimoine, mais laisser disparaître le domaine public ? | :: S.I.Lex :: http://scinfolex.com/2012/09/15/feter-le-patrimoine-mais-laisser-disparaitre-le-domaine-public/ - L'inverse du piratage, c'est le copyfraud, et on n'en parle pas | Hotel Wikipedia | Rue89 Les blogs http://blogs.rue89.nouvelobs.com/les-coulisses-de-wikipedia/2012/10/14/linverse-du-piratage- cest-le-copyfraud-et-personne-nen-parle Related articles: - Copyfraud https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyfraud More stories: - When it comes to censorship, WordPress has your back http://boingboing.net/2015/07/27/when-it-comes-to-censorship-w.html Automattic, WordPress's parent company, has a new transparency report that shows that they've bounced 43% of their 2015 copyright censorship demands for being frivolous or invalid.

"We need to be open not in the big things, but also the little thing , like embargos.  (Confederation of Open Access Repositories, 2014) The little things like this talk. The little things like this slide. The little things like this picture of boats shooting at each other. Open content, open access, open learning. These are not only a part of democracy, a part of the free exchange of ideas, a part of the culture of learning, but they define all of these, and they define our system of free and open government.  (Jarche, 2014) These things depend on them. When I say the institution has different values from us, it's important to understand exactly what it is that the institution has different values from."

With this, we now know the exact mRNA contents of the BNT162b2 vaccine, and for most parts we understand why they are there: The CAP to make sure the RNA looks like regular mRNA A known successful and optimized 5' untranslated region (UTR) A codon optimized signal peptide to send the Spike protein to the right place (copied 100% from the original virus) A codon optimized version of the original spike, with two 'Proline' substitutions to make sure the protein appears in the right form A known successful and optimized 3' untranslated region A slightly mysterious poly-A tail with an unexplained 'linker' in there The codon optimization adds a lot of G and C to the mRNA. Meanwhile, using Ψ (1-methyl-3'-pseudouridylyl) instead of U helps evade our immune system, so the mRNA stays around long enough so we can actually help train the immune system.

John Perry Barlow is a retired Wyoming rancher (and native), a former lyricist for the Grateful Dead, and the co-founder of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a civil liberties organization which has been protecting the free flow of information on the Internet since 1990.

SENSORICA is a non-registered association - Code civile section V, 2267 The SENSORICA Open Value Network (OVN) is composed of the SENSORICA non-registered association (an open network, a community) and other legal structures around the network that fulfill specific functions. At this moment, these other legal structures are created at the periphery of the network are: a Custodian (assets for the association and insures agents for the use of these assets) and Exchange firms (interface with the market, assumes legal liability for products).