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kaleighallen

What Does Free Speech Mean? - 0 views

www.uscourts.gov/...free-speech.aspx

personal+freedoms freedom of speech government

shared by kaleighallen on 02 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • Tessia Carroll on 02 Sep 13
     
    This is link is a government site that defines the First Amendment. This page defines what is and is not under the First Amendment.
  • ...1 more comment...
  • Rayford Winn on 08 Sep 14
     
    Among other cherished values, the First Amendment protects freedom of speech. The U.S. Supreme Court often has struggled to determine what exactly constitutes protected speech. The following are examples of speech, both direct (words) and symbolic (actions), that the Court has decided are either entitled to First Amendment protections, or not.
  • ashleyfee96 on 08 Sep 14
     
    Among other cherished values, the First Amendment protects freedom of speech. The U.S. Supreme Court often has struggled to determine what exactly constitutes protected speech. The following are examples of speech, both direct (words) and symbolic (actions), that the Court has decided are either entitled to First Amendment protections, or not.
  • kaleighallen on 08 Sep 14
     
    This website allows to look at the First Amendment and get a better understanding of what freedom of speech really means.
anonymous

First Amendment Freedom of Speech | First Amendment Center - 0 views

www.firstamendmentcenter.org/about-the-first-amendment

personal+freedoms freedom of speech America religion

shared by anonymous on 03 Jun 13 - No Cached
  • Josh Ackerman-Blake on 03 Jun 13
     
    This article talks about the first Amendment and how it is the blueprint for personal freedom. Having freedom of religion is one of the many freedoms we have in this country.
  • anonymous on 30 Aug 13
     
    This article explains why the First Amendment was created. It also contains links to surveys relating to this topic and important landmark court cases relating to the First Amendment. The website in general contains many articles on other freedoms.
cam21314

An interpretation of the First Amendment - 0 views

constitutioncenter.org/...m-of-religion-press-expression

personal+freedoms amendment rights

shared by cam21314 on 08 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • cam21314 on 08 Sep 14
     
    This site offers a deep description of what the First Amendment truly is. It goes through the freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.
mayleymadrid

Next 10 Amendments: Flag burning and protected free speech - 1 views

blog.constitutioncenter.org/...ning-and-protected-free-speech

shared by mayleymadrid on 04 Sep 16 - No Cached
  • mayleymadrid on 04 Sep 16
     
    Is burning or desecrating the American flag a right protected by the First Amendment? Or should a new constitutional amendment outlaw both acts? The issue of desecrating the flag goes back in the courts almost 100 years. Finally in 1989, the Supreme Court decided in Texas v.
  • ...2 more comments...
  • casbautista on 04 Sep 16
     
    I was watching a lecture by Michael Parenti on this subject. A few people would argue that there are other bigger problems our nation should address before this issue, but I argue that this topic is important too. Nice read.
  • bri2104912 on 05 Sep 16
     
    It is interesting to know that this has been a problem for almost 100 years it amazing. In my own opinion I feel it is disrespectful to Americans and our military. On the other hand I can see where some would think it is a right for the 1st Amendment.
  • lyn2166705 on 05 Sep 16
     
    I do not think that burning the American flag is really effective as it only makes others mad. I think that people should protest if they are upset about something or believe something is unfair. I do not think that people should protest violently/aggressively, though. A lot of people protest peacefully, but some do protest violently- which only puts a harsh look on the whole situation.
  • mrick30 on 05 Sep 16
     
    I understand that there is a lot wrong with this country and people have a right to be upset with our government and how the country is right now. I feel that the flag symbolizes much more than just our country. I feel like it stands for every man and woman fighting for this country in the military. The flag symbolizes the military people that have died for us. I feel like buring the flag is complete disrespect to those that have died for our country and their families. There are so many ways to protest your beliefs about the country, there is no need to burn the flag that I feel represents the honor of those that have died for our country.
Shannon Hardt-Patino

Freedom of Expression | American Civil Liberties Union - 0 views

www.aclu.org/freedom-expression-0

personal+freedoms free+speech first+amendment ACLU

shared by Shannon Hardt-Patino on 30 Jan 16 - No Cached
  • Shannon Hardt-Patino on 30 Jan 16
     
    Discusses freedom of expression in its different forms and its protection under the First Amendment. Explains why freedom of expression is necessary in order to be a free nation. Although freedom of expression is legally protected, it is often tested and must be protected.
  • Shannon Hardt-Patino on 30 Jan 16
     
    Discusses freedom of expression in its different forms and its protection under the First Amendment. Explains why freedom of expression is necessary in order to be a free nation. Although freedom of expression is legally protected, it is often tested and must be protected.
mor2121575

Free Speech in the Algorithmic Society_ Big Data Private Governa.pdf - 0 views

personal+freedom algorithm private+governance

shared by mor2121575 on 07 Sep 21 - No Cached
  • The problems of free speech in any era are shaped by the communications technology available for people to use and by the ways that people actually use that technology.
  • The First Amendment, I argued, would prove increasingly inadequate to this task;5 moreover, if courts interpreted the Constitution in a short-sighted manner, judge-made doctrines of the First Amendment would actually hinder the protection and development of a truly democratic culture. 6
  • To be sure, digital companies would often find themselves on the side of the values of a democratic culture. But just as often they would seek constitutional protection for novel forms of surveillance and control of individuals and groups. 9
  • ...31 more annotations...
  • The Algorithmic Society features the collection of vast amounts of data about individuals and facilitates new forms of surveillance, control, discrimination and manipulation, both by governments and by private companies. Call this the problem of Big Data. 10
  • In the digital age, individuals do not face the familiar dyadic model of speech regulation. In a dyadic model, there are two central actors: the power of the state threatens the individual's right to speak.
  • In the pluralist model individuals may be controlled, censored, and surveilled both by the nation state and by the owners of many different kinds of private infrastructure
  • In this world, the judge-made doctrines of the First Amendment, although still necessary, are inadequate to provide sufficient guarantees of free expression.
  • The Algorithmic Society depends on huge databases that can cheaply and easily be collected, collated, and analyzed.
  • New forms of wealth emerge in the Digital Age just as they did in the Industrial Revolution. Four especially important forms of wealth in the Information Age are intellectual property, fame, information security, and Big Data.
  • We should make a key distinction between distributed and democratic power. A form of power is democratic if many people participate in it and participate in decisionmaking about how to
  • employ it. A form of power is distributed if it operates in many different places and affects many different people and situations. In some ways the Internet and its associated digital technologies have made power more democratic. But in other ways the Internet has made it possible for power to be widely distributed but not democratic.
  • We tend to associate power with the effects of technology itself. But technology is actually a way of exemplifying and constituting relationships of power between one set of human beings and another set of human beings. This was true even of the technology of writing, which, Claude Levi-Strauss famously asserted, was used to organize the labor of slaves. 20 It is true today in the development of decisionmaking by algorithms and Al agents.
  • the Algorithmic Age is a struggle over the collection, transmission, use, and analysis of data. For this reason, the central constitutional questions do not concern freedom of contract. They concern freedom of expression.
  • The most important question is not whether robots have First Amendment rights; it is whether companies will be able to shield themselves from regulation by claiming that their uses of Al agents, robots, and algorithms are First Amendment protected activities.
  • Two key ideas help us understand when the First Amendment permits legal regulation of the people and organizations that use Big Data, algorithms, and artificial intelligence. The first is the concept of information fiduciaries. The second is the concept of algorithmic nuisance.
  • Governments can impose reasonable regulations on how information fiduciaries collect, use, distribute, and sell information derived from their fiduciary relationships with end-users.
  • Fiduciary relationships involve asymmetries of power, information, and transparency. 2 7
  • Although these businesses use data and share data, the First Amendment does not prevent regulation of how they make and implement their decisions. That is because permissible regulation aims at the outputs of algorithmic decisionmaking: discrimination and manipulation.4 1
  • This means that many of the digital organizations that people deal with every day - including Internet service providers ("ISPs"), search engines, and social media platforms - should be treated as information fiduciaries with respect to their clients and end-users. Therefore, consistent with the First Amendment, governments can subject the information fiduciary to reasonable restrictions on collection, collation, analysis, use, sale, and distribution of personal information.
  • his is the idea of algorithmic nuisance. The concept of algorithmic nuisance applies when companies use Big Data and algorithms to make judgments that construct people's identities, traits, and associations that affect people's opportunities and vulnerabilities.
  • The classic examples of information fiduciaries are doctors and lawyers. 2 9 Both collect lots of personal information about their clients, their operations are not transparent to relatively untrained clients, and clients' ability to monitor professionals is limited by their lack of training.
  • Businesses use algorithms and ratings systems derived from algorithms to make decisions about who gets what opportunity - credit, a job, or entrance to and exclusion from any number of different benefits. In order to make these decisions, businesses increasingly rely on Big Data and algorithms, because so many decisions have to be made and it is too costly to engage in individualized decisionmaking. 47
  • The idea behind algorithmic nuisance is that algorithmic decisionmaking has cumulative side effects on populations as more and more public and private businesses adopt it.49 Algorithms construct people's identities and reputations by classifying them as risky,
  • To deal with this new organization of consumer products and services, we need the concepts of information fiduciary and algorithmic nuisance. Home robots and smart appliances collect an enormous amount of information about us which, in theory, can be collated with information about many other people that is stored in the cloud. Home robots and smart appliances are always-on, interconnected cloud entities that rely on and contribute to huge databases.
  • The second set of issues is symbolized by the ideas of "the right to forget" and "fake news." These two issues may seem unrelated. In fact, they are about the same issue: a fundamental change in how freedom of speech is regulated in the digital era. This alteration in governance has two key elements. The first is a change in how governments regulate - or attempt to regulate - speech in the digital era, from "old school" to "new school" speech regulation. The second is that privately owned online platforms engage in private governance of speech.
  • Both the creation of a right to forget and recent calls for a solution to the problem of fake news are examples of a larger phenomenon: the emergence of a new form of government speech regulation.
  • Nation states have not abandoned old school speech regulation. But they have increasingly moved to new school speech regulation because online speech is hard to govern. Speakers may be judgment proof, anonymous, and located outside the country, and they may not be human at all, but an army of bots. By contrast, owners of infrastructure are usually large for-profit enterprises, they are readily identifiable, and they have assets and do business within nation states
  • The first key feature of new school speech regulation is collateral censorship. Collateral censorship occurs when the state aims at A in order to control B's speech. 6
  • Problems of collateral censorship occur whenever governments adopt intermediary liability rules. 7 0
  • A key problem of administrative prior restraint is that it involves informal or bureaucratic censorship. 7 2
  • In a system of prior restraints, by contrast, the effects of the burden of action are flipped. The speaker may not speak unless he or she gets prior permission; until the bureaucrat or employee gets around to giving permission, the speech is forbidden.
  • Because of the dangers of collateral censorship, some governments, like the United States, provide for varying degrees of intermediary immunity. 7 7 Intermediary immunity rules relieve collateral censorship by holding the infrastructure owner harmless for content that is stored on their sites, or moves through their channels, when certain conditions are met.
  • A second key feature of new school speech regulation is public/ private cooperation and cooptation. 8 1 Governments aim at infrastructure providers in order to get them to censor or regulate the speech of people that governments cannot easily otherwise control. New school speech regulation seeks to coax the infrastructure provider into helping the state in various ways.
  • The relationship between nation states and infrastructure providers varies along a spectrum. It ranges from direct regulation, to threats, to suggestions that things will go better for infrastructure operators if they cooperate, to negotiations over the terms of cooperation.
  • mor2121575 on 07 Sep 21
     
    A research paper by Jack Balkin on the rise of algorithms within society, repercussions of these algorithms being used by large businesses, and the scope of relationships between Big Data, private consumers, and national governmental bodies. Primarily, this paper looks at the increasing interconnection of these relationships, how they've changed in the years since the internet and algorithms have been introduced, and how the First Amendment may no longer be enough in this new online space.
ashleyfee96

First Amendment - 0 views

www.law.cornell.edu/...first_amendment

personal+freedoms Personal+Freedom rights government speech

shared by ashleyfee96 on 08 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • ashleyfee96 on 08 Sep 14
     
    first amendment: an overview The First Amendment of the United States Constitution protects the right to freedom of religion and freedom of expression from government interference. See U.S. Const. amend. I. Freedom of expression consists of the rights to freedom of speech, press, assembly and to petition the government for a redress of grievances, and the implied rights of association and belief.
Mary Stefaniak

School Uniforms and the First Amendment - 0 views

www.jstor.org.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/...3211199

school uniform First+Amendment personal+freedoms personal+freedom

shared by Mary Stefaniak on 31 May 13 - No Cached
  • Mary Stefaniak on 31 May 13
     
    Within this article, it explains how school uniforms violate the first amendment. The article also includes implications as to why uniforms are initially set in place.
anonymous

Chevron's "Crude" Attempt to Suppress Free Speech - 0 views

www.huffingtonpost.com/...crude-attempt-to_b_576595.html

chevron free+speech bill+moyers personal+freedoms first+amendment crude+oil court+of+appeals

shared by anonymous on 02 Jun 13 - Cached
  • anonymous on 02 Jun 13
     
    This article shows how powerful oil giant, Chevron; uses it's vast influence to shirk the First Amendment. To avoid lawsuits Chevron forces journalists to turn over damaging evidence.
Alberto Sandoval

Does free speech on the internet actually exist? - 0 views

www.theverge.com/...ge-free-speech-on-the-internet

personal+freedoms youtube twitter freedom-of-speech internet first+amendment

shared by Alberto Sandoval on 24 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • Alberto Sandoval on 24 Jan 13
     
    The article explains our restrictions of speech on the internet. Youtube and twitter and are not affected by the first amendment as with numerous other sites.
Gabrielle Foster

Majority Of Colleges Restrict Free Speech On Campus: FIRE Report - 0 views

www.huffingtonpost.com/...ech-fire-report_n_4633542.html

personal+freedoms colleges free+speech campus first+amendment rights harassment

shared by Gabrielle Foster on 27 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Gabrielle Foster on 27 Jan 14
     
    "Colleges are starting to put restrictions on "free speech" to protect students from harassment. There seems to be a blurred line as to whether this infringes on students' first amendment rights, or if the schools have the right to make these restrictions. "
eli2196775

Freedom of Speech and How It Applies to the Internet - 0 views

lifehacker.com/...-does-it-apply-to-the-internet

personal+freedom speech internet

shared by eli2196775 on 30 Aug 14 - No Cached
  • eli2196775 on 30 Aug 14
     
    There are a lot of people talking about freedom of speech on the internet these days. Some sites say they stand for free speech, but does the first amendment apply to them? Where are we free to speak our minds on the internet?
  • eli2196775 on 30 Aug 14
     
    There are a lot of people talking about freedom of speech on the internet these days. Some sites say they stand for free speech, but does the first amendment apply to them? Where are we free to speak our minds on the internet?
Sara Bryant

First Amendment - 0 views

www.law.cornell.edu/...first_amendment

personal+freedoms rights government Constitution

shared by Sara Bryant on 01 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • Sara Bryant on 01 Feb 15
     
    Explains the First Amendment to the Constitution. Additional Links to each of the clauses under the First Amendment.
mor2121575

Big Tech and The Whole First Amendment | The Federalist Society - 0 views

fedsoc.org/...-and-the-whole-first-amendment

personal+freedom first+amendment tech+company

shared by mor2121575 on 07 Sep 21 - No Cached
  • mor2121575 on 07 Sep 21
     
    A paper on tech companies, government regulation, monopoly power, censorship, and the ramifications of these factors. While the paper does not offer up any sweeping solutions, the range of issues it covers is quite in depth, and helps to outline the range of problems in tech companies and social media sites.
  • mor2121575 on 07 Sep 21
     
    A paper on tech companies, government regulation, monopoly power, censorship, and the ramifications of these factors. While the paper does not offer up any sweeping solutions, the range of issues it covers is quite in depth, and helps to outline the range of problems in tech companies and social media sites.
Marcus Rentrope

Freedom of Expression in Schools - 0 views

education-law.lawyers.com/...-Of-Expression-In-Schools.html

schools

shared by Marcus Rentrope on 06 Jun 13 - No Cached
  • Marcus Rentrope on 06 Jun 13
     
    The first amendment is the freedom to speak, that includes while students are at school. Schools are trying to make all students the same. They want them to have the same beliefs and dress the same.
kea2154314

EPIC - Domestic Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Drones - 0 views

epic.org/drones

domestic aerial vehicles privacy

shared by kea2154314 on 04 Sep 16 - No Cached
  • kea2154314 on 04 Sep 16
     
    The Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) focuses public attention on emerging civil liberties, privacy, First Amendment issues. This being a huge privacy concern for a lot people, simply because there are no regulations in place for drones. Someone can easily go buy a drone and spy on you for just outside your own home. It could even follow you from home to work, figuring out daily routines. These makes people vulnerable to crimes against them and their families.
  • rande_vargas on 05 Sep 16
     
    This is interesting. I think that people should have some sort of permit to be able to buy a drone. It is very inactive to peoples privacy. No one really knows what these people do with the drones. They could be invading privacy for bad reasons for all we know.
Gabrielle Foster

Internet Censorship | American Civil Liberties Union - 0 views

www.aclu.org/...internet-censorship

personal+freedoms rights liberties speech censorship Digital Law free+speech personal+freedom

shared by Gabrielle Foster on 03 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Gabrielle Foster on 03 Feb 14
     
    This page talks about the attempts made to censor speech on the internet. It notes that censoring speech on the internet is still against our first amendment freedoms and provides other websites dedicated to preserving this freedom.
cam21314

Spying on First Amendment Activity - State-by-State - 0 views

www.aclu.org/...amendment-activity-state-state

personal+freedoms privacy government

shared by cam21314 on 08 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • cam21314 on 08 Sep 14
     
    This article describes the increasing amount of privacy infiltration in the US. It also gives several reports of privacy issues nationally.
tyl2148154

First Amendment: Freedom of the Press and School Newspapers - 0 views

www.uscourts.gov/...m-press-school-newspapers.aspx

personal+freedoms supreme+court press summaries

shared by tyl2148154 on 04 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • tyl2148154 on 04 Feb 15
     
    This site is an activity based on the Supreme Court Case Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier. Important facts and summaries of the case are include.
kopsahl3513

First Amendment: Freedom of Petition - 0 views

www.uscourts.gov/...freedom-petition.aspx

personal+freedoms freedom petition

shared by kopsahl3513 on 04 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • kopsahl3513 on 04 Feb 15
     
    This short article gives a brief summary of what Freedom of Petition is.
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