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David Munnelly

The politics of welfare - 0 views

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    On the surface, conservatism and Christian democratic thought are quite similar with regard to social welfare, but there is one key difference.  Following the Catholic teachings, Christian Democrats believe that the responsibility of taking care of the poor and needy lies with the community, not the government.  Both groups feel that lawfulness and stability are highly important, but they have very different approaches to achieve these goals.
mar2372677

Wendy Davis critiqued over abortion - 0 views

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    Wendy Davis a well known democrat that speaks for women's rights has had an abortion before. She hid the information until now and explains her reason behind ending the pregnancy.
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    Wendy Davis a well known democrat that speaks for women's rights has had an abortion before. She hid the information until now and explains her reason behind ending the pregnancy.
Brooklyn White

Political standpoints - 0 views

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    This article offers the view points of both republican and democratic parties on issues we face today. Political views seem to cause a lot of tension in our nation and this is an article that feel is meant to help inform citizens that views of both major parties.
Lindsay Klatt

The Myth of Freedom in America - 0 views

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    This gives an explanation from the democratic side. It points out all the "democratic myths" of personal freedoms.
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    This article talks about how the freedoms of America are not what they say they are. " Freedom no longer exists as it was originally defined."
Jonathan Cagle

Feinstein Rolls Out Gun-Control Bill - Washington Wire - WSJ - 0 views

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    Article talks about the bill introduced by Senator Feinstein and other democrats to ban certain semiautomatic weapons. Weapons with certain specifications such as compatibility with large-capacity magazines would also be banned. The article touches on the opposition to the bill and quotes a comment issued by the NRA regarding the bill.
Marcela Salazar

Immigration reform - 0 views

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    Article talks about how Democrats agree this should happen. How they know they would have been at a lost if it wasn't for the ltino votes.
Whitney Morgan

Democratic Values - Liberty, Equality, Justice - 0 views

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    This article explains why liberty and equality are needed to a certain extent for people to survive. This shows the importance of both in moderation.
Brittany Wilber

New Gun Restrictions in Nevada - 0 views

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    There will be extended background checks when private gun sales are made. This was passed June 1st. This is only in Nevada, a democratic state, as of now.
amb2065920

Lots Of Other Countries Mandate Paid Leave. Why Not The U.S.? - 0 views

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    Democratic presidential nominees Hillary Clinton and Sen. Bernie Sanders are both fighting for stronger paid leave laws, including paid vacation and paid maternity leave. This will be helpful in keeping women in the workforce.
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    I'm interested in this topic too. I feel that organizations who offer this benefit will see the return from the parent when they return to work. I've seen some new mothers return to work when they are not ready, and they end up having decreased performance, or end up looking for new work a few weeks later so they can be with their new baby more. This creates more cost for the company than paid leave would have.
kcreek9942

Why is Obamacare so controversial? - 0 views

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    One of the central provisions of President Barack Obama and the Democrats' healthcare reform law, known popularly as Obamacare, took effect on 1 October. Here is an explainer.
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    Obamacare was created to help American citizens receive affordable health care. It provides employees with health care they might not of had. The law aims to help the rising cost of health care.
katiecakes6

Right to vote - 0 views

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    Voting has been a given right for many years, but for many years it has been reserved for legal citizens. This article explains unregistered individuals right to vote.
bre2162053

What Are Police Like in Other Countries? - 0 views

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    An article looking into how democratic countries structure their police. How they are funded, what they are responsible for, as well as training and their relations with minorities in their population.
alexisgarcia28

White males in America have 'very few rights', says US Politician - 0 views

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    A Tennessee politician made some racist and homophobic remarks during a rant at a county commission meeting. It was in regards to a woman who brought up that we should have stricter gun laws
mor2121575

Free Speech in the Algorithmic Society_ Big Data Private Governa.pdf - 0 views

  • The problems of free speech in any era are shaped by the communications technology available for people to use and by the ways that people actually use that technology.
  • The First Amendment, I argued, would prove increasingly inadequate to this task;5 moreover, if courts interpreted the Constitution in a short-sighted manner, judge-made doctrines of the First Amendment would actually hinder the protection and development of a truly democratic culture. 6
  • To be sure, digital companies would often find themselves on the side of the values of a democratic culture. But just as often they would seek constitutional protection for novel forms of surveillance and control of individuals and groups. 9
  • ...31 more annotations...
  • The Algorithmic Society features the collection of vast amounts of data about individuals and facilitates new forms of surveillance, control, discrimination and manipulation, both by governments and by private companies. Call this the problem of Big Data. 10
  • In the digital age, individuals do not face the familiar dyadic model of speech regulation. In a dyadic model, there are two central actors: the power of the state threatens the individual's right to speak.
  • In the pluralist model individuals may be controlled, censored, and surveilled both by the nation state and by the owners of many different kinds of private infrastructure
  • In this world, the judge-made doctrines of the First Amendment, although still necessary, are inadequate to provide sufficient guarantees of free expression.
  • The Algorithmic Society depends on huge databases that can cheaply and easily be collected, collated, and analyzed.
  • New forms of wealth emerge in the Digital Age just as they did in the Industrial Revolution. Four especially important forms of wealth in the Information Age are intellectual property, fame, information security, and Big Data.
  • We should make a key distinction between distributed and democratic power. A form of power is democratic if many people participate in it and participate in decisionmaking about how to
  • employ it. A form of power is distributed if it operates in many different places and affects many different people and situations. In some ways the Internet and its associated digital technologies have made power more democratic. But in other ways the Internet has made it possible for power to be widely distributed but not democratic.
  • We tend to associate power with the effects of technology itself. But technology is actually a way of exemplifying and constituting relationships of power between one set of human beings and another set of human beings. This was true even of the technology of writing, which, Claude Levi-Strauss famously asserted, was used to organize the labor of slaves. 20 It is true today in the development of decisionmaking by algorithms and Al agents.
  • the Algorithmic Age is a struggle over the collection, transmission, use, and analysis of data. For this reason, the central constitutional questions do not concern freedom of contract. They concern freedom of expression.
  • The most important question is not whether robots have First Amendment rights; it is whether companies will be able to shield themselves from regulation by claiming that their uses of Al agents, robots, and algorithms are First Amendment protected activities.
  • Two key ideas help us understand when the First Amendment permits legal regulation of the people and organizations that use Big Data, algorithms, and artificial intelligence. The first is the concept of information fiduciaries. The second is the concept of algorithmic nuisance.
  • Governments can impose reasonable regulations on how information fiduciaries collect, use, distribute, and sell information derived from their fiduciary relationships with end-users.
  • Fiduciary relationships involve asymmetries of power, information, and transparency. 2 7
  • Although these businesses use data and share data, the First Amendment does not prevent regulation of how they make and implement their decisions. That is because permissible regulation aims at the outputs of algorithmic decisionmaking: discrimination and manipulation.4 1
  • This means that many of the digital organizations that people deal with every day - including Internet service providers ("ISPs"), search engines, and social media platforms - should be treated as information fiduciaries with respect to their clients and end-users. Therefore, consistent with the First Amendment, governments can subject the information fiduciary to reasonable restrictions on collection, collation, analysis, use, sale, and distribution of personal information.
  • his is the idea of algorithmic nuisance. The concept of algorithmic nuisance applies when companies use Big Data and algorithms to make judgments that construct people's identities, traits, and associations that affect people's opportunities and vulnerabilities.
  • The classic examples of information fiduciaries are doctors and lawyers. 2 9 Both collect lots of personal information about their clients, their operations are not transparent to relatively untrained clients, and clients' ability to monitor professionals is limited by their lack of training.
  • Businesses use algorithms and ratings systems derived from algorithms to make decisions about who gets what opportunity - credit, a job, or entrance to and exclusion from any number of different benefits. In order to make these decisions, businesses increasingly rely on Big Data and algorithms, because so many decisions have to be made and it is too costly to engage in individualized decisionmaking. 47
  • The idea behind algorithmic nuisance is that algorithmic decisionmaking has cumulative side effects on populations as more and more public and private businesses adopt it.49 Algorithms construct people's identities and reputations by classifying them as risky,
  • To deal with this new organization of consumer products and services, we need the concepts of information fiduciary and algorithmic nuisance. Home robots and smart appliances collect an enormous amount of information about us which, in theory, can be collated with information about many other people that is stored in the cloud. Home robots and smart appliances are always-on, interconnected cloud entities that rely on and contribute to huge databases.
  • The second set of issues is symbolized by the ideas of "the right to forget" and "fake news." These two issues may seem unrelated. In fact, they are about the same issue: a fundamental change in how freedom of speech is regulated in the digital era. This alteration in governance has two key elements. The first is a change in how governments regulate - or attempt to regulate - speech in the digital era, from "old school" to "new school" speech regulation. The second is that privately owned online platforms engage in private governance of speech.
  • Both the creation of a right to forget and recent calls for a solution to the problem of fake news are examples of a larger phenomenon: the emergence of a new form of government speech regulation.
  • Nation states have not abandoned old school speech regulation. But they have increasingly moved to new school speech regulation because online speech is hard to govern. Speakers may be judgment proof, anonymous, and located outside the country, and they may not be human at all, but an army of bots. By contrast, owners of infrastructure are usually large for-profit enterprises, they are readily identifiable, and they have assets and do business within nation states
  • The first key feature of new school speech regulation is collateral censorship. Collateral censorship occurs when the state aims at A in order to control B's speech. 6
  • Problems of collateral censorship occur whenever governments adopt intermediary liability rules. 7 0
  • A key problem of administrative prior restraint is that it involves informal or bureaucratic censorship. 7 2
  • In a system of prior restraints, by contrast, the effects of the burden of action are flipped. The speaker may not speak unless he or she gets prior permission; until the bureaucrat or employee gets around to giving permission, the speech is forbidden.
  • Because of the dangers of collateral censorship, some governments, like the United States, provide for varying degrees of intermediary immunity. 7 7 Intermediary immunity rules relieve collateral censorship by holding the infrastructure owner harmless for content that is stored on their sites, or moves through their channels, when certain conditions are met.
  • A second key feature of new school speech regulation is public/ private cooperation and cooptation. 8 1 Governments aim at infrastructure providers in order to get them to censor or regulate the speech of people that governments cannot easily otherwise control. New school speech regulation seeks to coax the infrastructure provider into helping the state in various ways.
  • The relationship between nation states and infrastructure providers varies along a spectrum. It ranges from direct regulation, to threats, to suggestions that things will go better for infrastructure operators if they cooperate, to negotiations over the terms of cooperation.
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    A research paper by Jack Balkin on the rise of algorithms within society, repercussions of these algorithms being used by large businesses, and the scope of relationships between Big Data, private consumers, and national governmental bodies. Primarily, this paper looks at the increasing interconnection of these relationships, how they've changed in the years since the internet and algorithms have been introduced, and how the First Amendment may no longer be enough in this new online space.
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