FLN headquarters in Nasser's Egypt calling on Muslims
in Algeria to join in a national struggle for the "restoration
of the Algerian state, sovereign, democratic, and social,
within the framework of the principles of Islam."
Group items tagged
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Algerian War: 1954 to 1962 - 1 views
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the French relented and on 20 March 1956 gave Tunisia complete independence.
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February 1956, Morocco acquired limited home rule, and on March 2nd France and Morocco signed an agreement giving Morocco complete independence.
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n March, Mollet received new authority to act against the rebellion in Algeria from parliament's Special Powers Law, passed in a 455 to 76 vote.
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The FLN tightened its organization and began focusing on terrorism in the cities, mainly Algiers.
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By 1 January 1957 the French had 308,000 soldiers in Algeria. On 28 January 1957 the UN was scheduled to debate the Algerian question, and for that day the FLN scheduled a one-week Muslim work stoppage in Algiers.
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The French showed low ranking guerrillas they had captured documents describing other guerrillas as working for the French, and then they released these guerrillas. Some of those released fell for the trick, resulting in purging within the FLN.
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The French military made itself dominant across much of Algeria.
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To escape the military, thousands of Algerians fled to Tunisia or Morocco and joined the FLN there.
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On July 3, Algeria became officially independent. Meanwhile another big migration was underway. Around 800,000 of those in Algeria of European descent – an overwhelming majority – were moving to Europe.
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In the early morning hours of 1 November 1954, small units of Algeria Muslims, organized by the Front de Libération National (FLN) attacked police posts, warehouses, communications facilities, and public utilities military installations.
WWI Arab Revolt: Unification usurped - Ottoman collapse - Arab nationalism - YouTube - 0 views
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Libya's Tripoli authority rejects UN-backed government - 2 views
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Throwing more chaos into an already chaos filled nation, Tripoli's unrecognized government refused to officially step aside and recognize the UN-back unity government.
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Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video, Tech Reviews - TIME.com - 1 views
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Before the conflict and poverty that has been affecting the nation for years, Yemen was once a center of civilization and wealth. This article outlines the history of this tumultuous country from its beginnings as "Happy Arabia" (as the Romans used to call it) to a country divided.
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Russia and Syria sign deals worth $850 million to restore Syrian infrastructure - 1 views
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Syria and Russia have signed agreements worth 850 million euros to restore infrastructure in the Arab nation, Russia's RIA news agency quoted Syrian Prime Minister Wael al-Halaki as saying on Monday.
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Iran and Saudi Arabia Heading Toward A Cyber War? - 1 views
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Iran and Saudi Arabia are suspected to go head to head in cyber warfare. Wikileaks revealed information that people put on edge in regards to Saudi Arabia and Iran. -
Iran and Saudi Arabia, regional rivals in the Middle East, are involved in a cyber conflict. The nations use cyber attacks to release or leak critical intelligence to affect the outcomes of ongoing military conflicts in the region.
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CCCC Statement on Second Language Writing and Writers - 0 views
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dapting to or adopting North American discursive strategies
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to understand their characteristics
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sensitive to their linguistic and cultural needs.
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In classes made up exclusively of second language writers, enrollments should be limited to a maximum of 15 students per class.
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instructors should avoid topics that require substantial background knowledge that is related to a specific culture or history that is not being covered by the course.
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Writing instructors should look for evidence of a text's rhetorically effective features, rather than focus only on one or two of these features that stand out as problematic.
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Further, "patchwriting," defined by Rebecca Moore Howard, as the copying of sections of texts, such as phrasings and sentence patterns, is a natural part of the process of learning to write in a second language.
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We advocate that instructors take extra care when suspecting a second language writer of plagiarism, and take into consideration the student's cultural background, level of experience with North American educational systems, and confidence level for writing in English.
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Any writing course, including basic writing, first-year composition, advanced writing, and professional writing, as well as any writing-intensive course that enrolls any second language writers should be taught by an instructor who is able to identify and is prepared to address the linguistic and cultural needs of second language writers.
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should be based on students’ writing proficiency
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mainstreaming
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the literacy support of second language writers needs to extend beyond the composition requirement as well.
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approaches for designing writing assignments that are culturally inclusive, and approaches for assessing writing that are ethical in relation to second language writing.
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Therefore, it is imperative that writing centers model and discuss effective approaches for working with second language writers in tutor training, make available reference materials specific to language learners such as dictionaries on idiomatic English, and hire tutors with specialized knowledge in second language writing.
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Second language writers often come from contexts in which writing is shaped by linguistic and cultural features different from their NES peers. Beliefs related to individuality versus collectivity, ownership of text and ideas, student versus teacher roles, revision, structure, the meaning of different rhetorical moves, writer and reader responsibility, and the roles of research and inquiry all impact how student writers shape their texts.
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scaffolding, creating benchmarks within larger projects, and incorporating additional resources such as the writing center.
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to identify strengths second language writers bring to the classroom.
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With the help of an instructor, second language writers can learn to bridge the strategies they use to communicate socially through digital media to the expectations of the academy. Therefore, instructors need to learn how to proficiently work with the writing tools and within the writing contexts that will help second language writers create these bridges. As in this case, instructors need to be trained to work with various writing media (e.g., computer programs) so that they can take advantage of these pedagogical opportunities.
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instructors will be better prepared to work with second language students if issues of second language writing and writers are a consistent feature that is re-enforced throughout their training in writing instruction, especially in-service training encouraged of all writing instructors.
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We recommend that writing programs familiarize themselves with the multilingual populations surrounding their institutions. Doing so not only provides valuable insight into the language experiences of some students in your writing programs, but it also could identify large multilingual populations wishing to matriculate into the college/university. Information on local populations can be collected from the US Census Bureau’s American FactFinder website. Also, websites such as the National Center for Education Statistics provides data on the number of English Language Learners (ELL) receiving special services in area high schools, some of whom might aspire to enter the university one day. Such information can be collected and disseminated on a centrally managed university website for the benefit of both instructors within the composition program and other university faculty.
Director-General condemns killing of Libyan journalist and activist Tawfiq Faraj Ben Sa... - 0 views
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The U.S. Is Giving Up on Middle East Democracy-and That's a Mistake - The Atlantic - 0 views
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democracy assistance to the region, which will drop from $459.2 million to $298.3 million
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Today’s Middle East is a product, at least in part, of failed democratization, and one of the reasons it failed was the timid, half-hearted support of the Obama administration.
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the significant impact Western leverage and “linkage” can have on democratic transitions.
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“it was an externally driven shift in the cost of suppression, not changes in domestic conditions, that contributed most centrally to the demise of authoritarianism in the 1980s and 1990s.” They find that “states’ vulnerability to Western democratization pressure… was often decisive.”
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it is also worth noting that President Bush acknowledged the existence of a “tyranny-terror” link—the notion that the root causes of extremism and terrorism can be found in the region’s enduring lack of democracy.
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the administration’s approach to the region is characterized almost entirely by ad-hoc crisis management and traditional counterterrorism approaches. Its one larger-scale reform initiative—a half-hearted proposal for a
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We argue that the U.S. and its partners now need to consider a very different approach to Middle East democracy assistance.
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Conventional democracy promotion activities tend to focus on the process and “retail” aspects of democratic politics—things like elections, political party training, get-out-the-vote (GOTV) campaigns, and civil society enhancement. While these are undoubtedly important, they are insufficient to deliver lasting reforms. Authoritarianism in the Arab world has proven time and time again—even in supposedly post-revolutionary settings such as Egypt today—that it can weather the annoyances of elections and civil society.
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What is needed are more systematic reforms focused on fundamental institutions. These include things like constraining the military’s role in civilian domains of governance, deep reform in the security and justice sectors including law enforcement and policing, and comprehensive “renovation” of the civil service sector. These are large-scale, long-term, and expensive undertakings that far transcend the modest parameters of most U.S. democracy promotion programs.
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we make the case for a new Multilateral Endowment for Reform (MER) that would tie significant levels of financial assistance—in the billions of dollars—to reform commitments and benchmarked implementation performance by partner nations.
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provide a real incentive for countries to embark down a path to deeper and more enduring political reforms while retaining the ability to pull back funding if they do not deliver.
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This article begins by illuminating the regional democracy assistance cuts that are dropping from $459.2 million to $298.3 million It explains that the Bush Administration began the quest for democracy in the Middle East, and the Obama administration has only continued in his footsteps. The author presents the viewpoint that the U.S. approach to Arab democratization has been in the form of "ad-hoc crisis management" rather than "large scale reform initiatives." Promoting democracy in the form of democratic politics are insufficient, elections and political parties have consistently proved to weather away and fester further civil strife. Consequently, the article proposes a new approach to the region conflict. This approach calls for "systematic reforms" focusing on basic institutions such as the civil service sector, justice and law enforcement, and the military's role in governance. The idea is that addressing these lacking departments in the arab world will eventually pave the way to a smoother democratic transition.
Arendt: Born in conflict, Israel will degenerate into Sparta, and American Jews will ne... - 0 views
mondoweiss.net/...ws-will-need-to-back-away.html
Hannah Arendt nationalism Zionism 1948 Nakba Palestine
shared by micklethwait on 20 Jul 14
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Where are the youth of the Egyptian revolution? - 0 views
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motivated by the knowledge they gained from the internet and social networking sites
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combat tyranny and human rights violations
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non-violent resistance movements abroad.
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broadcast information on human rights violations
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mobilise the masses
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rejecting tyranny
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calling for freedom
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refused any and all partial solutions
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did not care to make an intellectual presence
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clearly defined political project
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no leadership
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sufficient time to prepare themselves
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elite and the military took over during the transitional
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period
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balance of power
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did not succeed in establishing new parties
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participate
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accountability and trial
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for killing youth
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social justice
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political elite became more polarised
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until the youth became polarised
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how to topple tyrannical regimes
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information about human rights violations
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too preoccupied with side issues
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true nature of revolutionary change
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not necessarily mean the fall of the system
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lacked the focus necessary to achieve any of their strategic goals
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application of Shari'ah law
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Enabling the youth
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universal pillars that are needed for making political changes
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military imposed their presence
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failed to keep pace
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in terms of democracy itself
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endorsing the army
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aggravating an already sensitive situation
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media
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bribing the youth with money
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violent Islamist groups have emerged as a way of confronting the state
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youth do not see the dangers of politicising the military and are calling for military intervention to resolve their political differences with the Muslim Brotherhood
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military intervention as the only solution
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oust the first elected civilian president in the history
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main responsibility
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nascent democratic experience
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aggravating the political situation
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deepening the political divisions in society
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did not allow the youth to engage in the public domain or contribute
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engage the community and educate
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restore national unity
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bigger picture
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valuable information
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media platform
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policy for communication
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infuse the entire
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society with the values and goals of the revolution
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community awareness
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revolutions
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several phases
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common political vision and strategy
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advice of experts in situations where there is a shortage of expertise on a particular subject pertaining to state
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respects differences
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political etiquette
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This author gives an analysis of where the Egyptian youth failed and succeeded in their revolution. He applauds their original motivation: overthrowing the oppressive regime and seeking political freedom. However, he criticizes the movement for not having organized goals with practical implications. Their focus was so set on overthrowing Mubarak that they did not have a plan once that was achieved. As a result, the youth allowed the military to become politicized and enforce their political ideas. The author claims this move set a dangerous precedent for the future and took away the attention of the military from places it was needed. The author claims that by endorsing the army to act militarily against the first civilian elected president of the country, the youth is undermining their original goals. He goes on to explain his suggestions for the Egyptian youth to get back on track and follow through in the remaining phases of the revolution.
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Egypt women: Rights on paper, not yet on ground - Yahoo News - 0 views
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worrying whether those rights will be implemented or will turn out to be merely ink on paper.
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Men hold an overwhelming near-lock on decision-making in politics, and activists say they are doing little to bring about equality.
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saying the student was "dressed like a belly dancer." She was wearing black pants, a long-sleeved pink shirt and a head-scarf.
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women should wear "appropriate" clothing when they go out.
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There have been multiple mass sexual assaults on women during protests the past three years.
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security forces dragged a female protester to the ground, pulled up her top to reveal her blue bra and stomped on her chest.
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female protesters at the time were forced to undergo humiliating "virginity tests" when detained by the military.
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Violence is a "very intimidating weapon" against women participating in public life
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"If there is no democratic climate, how would you benefit from these beautiful laws?" said Abdel-Hameed. "It will be the same as under Mubarak: you have a beautiful law but it's not implemented."
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The document explicitly enshrines equality between the sexes and women's rights to education, work and high political office.
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"It's not just more progressive than the 2012 constitution, it's more progressive than the 1971 constitution . from the gender perspective,
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Women have only been allowed to be judges since 2007
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guarantees their right to hold high positions in the judiciary
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2010 court decision barred women judges from the State Council, a powerful judicial body that regulates disputes between individuals and the state and reviews legislation.
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January she wrote to the State Council demanding it take on women judges in light of the constitution.
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The Council replied b
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two percent of the seats in the last parliament,
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sought criminal action against the National Council for Women.
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"the mentality of the decision-makers
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is the main obstacle to the carrying out the promises of the constitution.
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low representation of women in government.
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lowest in the Arab world
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violated appropriateness and manners"
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We're tired of the government and officials .
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creation of a Commission on Discrimination with real judicial power
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more women judges; a
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he presence of women in parliament and local council
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and the nullification of the draconian protest law,
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gender issues should be mainstreamed across all government bodies.
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activate a unit specialized in fighting violence against women and "the health sector should take into account reproductive rights.
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h clinics should provide contraception and treatment for STDs
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women's issues are never a priority for anyone
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parts of the constitution may make enforcing the women's rights provisions harder.
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Women are Egypt have been treated different than men since anyone can remember. The women are taking action and protesting that the constitution be revised to change rights. Seats in parliament is one of the goals they hope to achieve. Equality between sexes is their main goal.
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Danger closer, extreme measures taken: Erdoğan - 0 views
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This is an article for Hurriyet Daily News, an online newspaper based in Istanbul.On October 5, many neighborhoods on Turkey's border with Syria were evacuated. I thought this news article was interesting because it quotes a speech by Turkey's president in which he addresses his viewpoint on the PKK. The organization has been banned in Turkey and is considered a terrorist organization. He says that ISIS/ISIL and the PKK are equivalent groups, and that the PKK is using the current conflict with ISIS to manipulate public opinion. -
This is an article for Hurriyet Daily News, an online newspaper based in Istanbul.On October 5, many neighborhoods on Turkey's border with Syria were evacuated. I thought this news article was interesting because it quotes a speech by Turkey's president in which he addresses his viewpoint on the PKK. The organization has been banned in Turkey and is considered a terrorist organization. He says that ISIS/ISIL and the PKK are equivalent groups, and that the PKK is using the current conflict with ISIS to manipulate public opinion.
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The news today says that ISIS has all but taken a Syrian Kurdish border city with Turkey, called Kobane. Not surprised that Erdogan would conflate the two groups, while the US is trying to activate Kurdish militants to resist ISIS. I was chatting with another student in my office today and we were wondering if the duty and suffering that have devolved onto the Kurds in this crisis might reinvigorate their push for a nation-state of their own.
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Has the New York Times Just Provided Proof of Muslim Brotherhood Influence Operations i... - 0 views
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This article discusses the growing suspicions that have risen from the Muslim Brotherhood. According to many, the Muslim Brotherhood has an active influence on the Obama Administration. -
Ironically, the Muslim Brotherhood has come to be seen by some in the State Department as a force of moderation in contemporary Islamist politics. You should look at the recent New York Times op-ed criticizing Sisi for cracking down on the Brotherhood.
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Egypt's political cartoonists say they won't let Sisi off the hook | The National - 0 views
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This article describe how cartoonists are the first to depict the new president, Abdel Sisi, and the important role cartoonists have in society. The main cartoonists the article follows are Mohamed Anwar and Andeel who work for Al-Masry Al-Youm in Egypt.
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shared by micklethwait on 19 Aug 14
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Yemeni victims of U.S. military drone strike get more than $1 million in comp... - 1 views
www.washingtonpost.com/...4-8593-da634b334390_story.html
victims u s military strike compensation Yemen
shared by micklethwait on 19 Aug 14
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Kat Craig, a legal director for the group, said the records undermine U.S. claims “that the victims of this drone attack were anything other than civilians” and said the size of the payouts suggest that the Yemeni government — among the poorest in the Middle East — is being reimbursed by the United States.
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Nations Trying to Stop Their Citizens From Going to Middle East to Fight for ISIS - 0 views
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the US is pushing for a legally binding UN Security Council resolution that would make all countries take action to prevent the flow of citizens into terrorists groups, like ISIS. action may include evoking people's citizenship or passport suspect of terroristic activities or aiding terrorists, but before any crime is committed.
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shared by jreyesc on 12 Oct 14
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Austrian youth flocking to ISIL - Features - Al Jazeera English - 0 views
www.aljazeera.com/...-isil-2014108101425255506.html
ISIL politics youth austria Support Islamophobia
shared by jreyesc on 12 Oct 14
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Polarisation of Austrian society has been partly nurtured by the anti-immigrant rhetoric of the right-wing Freedom Party, which won 20.5 percent in last year's parliamentary election.
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Five street signs surrounding a Vienna mosque were plastered with inflammatory labels such as "Shariastreet" and "IS Recruitment" last week - one among a rising number of anti-Muslim incursions recently.
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over a new wave of Islamophobia in the wake of a polarising public discourse over the growing number of young Austrians who have joined the ranks of the group calling itself Islamic State, also known as ISIL.
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More than 140 young Austrians are thought to have gone to Syria and Iraq to join ISIL, according to the Ministry of Interior, a number expected to rise as long as the conflict there continues. While this presents a small share of the 12,000 foreign fighters estimated to have been recruited by ISIL so far, Austria with its population of only 8.4 million tops European countries on a per-capita basis, including France and Germany with 700 and 500 fighters, respectively.
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ncreased border controls for minors, laws forbidding the use of symbols associated with ISIL, as well as the withdrawal of Austrian citizenship for dual nationals.
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The article is about how many Austrian teens are running away to become ISIL fighters. A new way of Islamophobia is occurring in Austria.
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Lack of unity stalls Egypt's youth revolution - 0 views
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the NF
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National Salvation Front group? Demands to Morsi that constitutional declaration be rescinded, that the referendum be called off, and that a new constituent assembly be formed.
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ongoing protests
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sceptical about including the youth of the Muslim Brotherhood
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part of the current regime
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"silly"
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ke all groups in Egyptian society
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belong to different parties and ideologies
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how to move foward
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more cautious approach
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used more carefully
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work more with the people
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Protest movements alert society - they don't rebuild the country.
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Abdel Fatah, Harb, and El Elaimy, who all support ongoing protests
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street is always ahead of the SF
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SF is not responding fast
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should continue as long as we have a government that neglects people's demands
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different from that of the youth
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negotiates to reform the regime from inside
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new regime
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getting rid of the Muslim Brotherhood
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youth leaders will lead most political parties in 2-3 years
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rejectionist generation
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raised to reject the Mubarak regime
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political alternative