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elliott reyes

Chimp Fights and Trolley Rides - Radiolab - 13 views

  • "inner chimp"
    • jose marichal
       
      My inner chimps name is bubbles?
  • waitin
    • jose marichal
       
      i disagree
    • georgenasr
       
      That's really interesting! In highshcool, I only heard the first 5 minutes of this, but to hear about the stuff like how the brain uses different regions to say yes or no was interesting! The whole psychology aspect of this is really cool.
  • ...4 more annotations...
    • Ashley Mehrens
       
      I found that it was very interesting how quickly they dismissed the idea that parents instill some of the qualities into their children. In my opinion someone has to stimulate the children to succumb to the evolutionary inner chimp. Even though when the younger chimps couldn't decide who got the branch, then the older ones had to intervene and teach them how to properly act. In the same way parents intervene when their child can't seem to figure out the proper way to share during their play date. The evolutionary aspect seems to be proven fairly well but from previous knowledge we all know that from birth we do not have that innate sense of right and wrong. Your inner chimp has to grow and mature before being able to sense right and wrong. 
    • Karina DaSilva
       
      Exactly. What kind of environment one grows up and, and the types of influences one gains throughout one's life should be able to play a big factor in how they act. We learn these things.
    • Amanda Garcia
       
      I thought it was great how they took an incredibly abstract concept such as morality and put it to the scientific test. It suggests that morality may be instilled according to upbringing and environment but is inherently biological. It takes what is generally considered to be subjective and makes it predictable within our species (with a few outliers), for reasons we can't even quite understand. Which means that evolution dictates many of our ideas of right and wrong. 
    • khampton44
       
      I thought it was interesting that when the brain was looked at when asked the trolley questions that so much changed and different parts started to light up. How people saw the two deaths a different when they had to ask themselves about "personally killing" someone versus just pulling the switch
    • khampton44
       
      The brain really battles itself and really shows how people get to what is right and what is wrong can be more than just moral ,but biological as well.
    • Meghann Ellis
       
      To me personally i found it interesting that the two trolley stories both ended with someone being killed, but the what one person had to do were on the opposite ends. Its fascinating to see how when ask which option they would chose most people said pulling the lever even though it still ended in the same result which is a death of one person. I agree in the statement above that the brain when making decisions is not only based on morals but also biological. To me the fact that our morality might not have come from they way us humans grow up and our surroundings but instead from our basic inner chimp bring forth the question of if our morals play any part of decision making.
  • The most interesting possibility is that the brain may have more than one way to handle complex decisions. I'd have to say that at this point science can't say much beyond that when it comes to morality and ethics. Morality and ethics are constructs we come up with to try and put some order into personal actions both on an inter-personal level and in larger groups and societies as a whole.
    • elliott reyes
       
      kjsdfwbfwefndfad
  •  
    If found interesting the fact that people don't feel as shamed of pulling a lever to save five people and kill one instead of pushing the person over the train. The people in the interview think that pulling a lever is better because they wouldn't feel as much guilt as pushing the person down from the trolley. Even if we all know that both are not great solutions. The gut feeling called as "inner chimp" I like how they say that moral sense is a unique and special human quality. Maybe we should ask ourselves what it really is. How the human brain works of different people is also very interesting I find because many people think differently and are ashamed of what other people think or would choose. Out of competition comes morality. We already have a sense of right and wrong when we are born, even before our parents can tell us. Basic primate morality understands the effect of pushing a person off, in this case, the trolley. The "inner chimp", which is "act of deep goodness". this is all connected to the 10 commandments, especially the one "thou shall not kill " Everything is always for a reason. Same story Killing your own baby or saving a village. I find it interesting how people would choose to kill their own baby and therefore save themselves and the rest of the people who live in the village. Others instead are very contrary because they say that a baby is God's gift. Everything now can evolve around having the inner strength for doing things like killing your own baby. I wonder if people that say that they would kill their own baby have actually the inner strength to do it. Actions speak louder than words. I think that it is also different when you have to decide to kill your own baby or save a village especially when you don't have one because you don't really know how it feels to be a parent and have a gift from God that not everyone can rece
Caitlin Fransen

The emerging moral psychology - 7 views

  • cognitive conflict
    • georgenasr
       
      There is probably a point of cognitive dissonance as well. When you are under this much pressure to save the five people, though you know in your mind it's wrong you may end up pushing the heavy man out of anticipation (or vice versa). I feel like it's hard to really know how people will react because the scientists never factored in the idea of cognitive dissonance. 
  • Morality is a social phenomenon, and so it is little surprise that the way our social lives are structured—whether we live in small, tight-knit communities or large, anonymous cities—also sculpts our moral outlook. Haidt suggests that it is no coincidence that rural areas of the US, where communities are more bound together and interdependent, tend to be more conservative and religious, while urban dwellers tend to be more secular and liberal, with a focus on “individualising” ethics (see below).
    • Kayla Sawoski
       
      Coming from a small closely-knit community, I have recognized that the rural areas are more group-oriented and mutually dependent on each other.  They rely on each other for support: emotionally, economically, and morally. They are responsible to each other. While in urban communities, others want to be more individualistic and focus on there rights. They are focused on the well-being of themselves.  
    • Ryan Hamilton
       
      This is pretty interesting to me and reminds me of a question that was asked in a class a few years ago: "Are we born inherently evil or good?" This one is a little different in that it asks if we are born knowing what is right and what is wrong.  I might be in a minority, but I generally disagree with the premise that we as humans are hardwired and born with a moral compass of sorts. I believe all of that comes from the experiences that we have had growing up and continues until the day that we die.  Near the end of the article it is pointed out the difference in moral views that people have from a political standpoint. These viewpoints are things that are developed over time and with every experience we have had. People that are born in a specific religious family will generally be that specific religion as they grow up. I am not sure you are born 'believing' in that religion. Same with morality, experiences may shape it and it may evolve over time. Maybe at one time you feel pushing the large man in the tracks would be a rational thing to do and maybe as you grow older and have experienced death on a personal level you would have a much tougher time deciding on the morality of that same decision. That is why asking people if they would flip the switch and/or if they would push someone physically on the tracks seems like it may not fully prove that we are inherently born with knowing something is 'wrong' because the people that are asked have had experiences that might mold their decisions.  Obviously asking someone that has been isolated from everything for their entire lives is not realistic and therefore making this sort of idea hard to answer definitively, which in turn will make it a hotly debated topic between people with different views.
  • ...4 more annotations...
    • sahalfarah
       
      I found this quote interesting because it tries to get you to think about what you consider morally correct and incorrect. In a way, I think it answers the previous questions about the supposed "harmless" acts. 
    • Alexa Datuin
       
      A lot of issues concerning morality are almost always based on what we've been through - our experiences. It goes along with "learning from our mistakes." People tend to trust those who have more experience with a certain problem, or those who have been through it before. The argument of saying that "I just know it's wrong," is not a good enough answer brings up the question of what makes it good enough? Scientists who think logically and need proof have to realize that a lot of what makes the "rules of life" were made from what we realized what was wrong, because of what was felt, what was thought, and or what was said at the time.
    • Shannon Wirawan
       
      I completely agree with Alexa when she commented that "People tend to trust those who have more experience with a certain problem, or those who have been through it before." especially pertaining to when the article said, "In a separate study which asked subjects for their ethical views on consensual incest, most people intuitively felt that incestuous sex is wrong, but when asked why, many gave up, saying, "I just know it's wrong!"-a phenomenon Haidt calls "moral dumbfounding."" When people respond with "I just know, it's wrong!" it's possible that they grew up in a community that proclaimed that incest was wrong without any reason stating otherwise. Or what Alexa mentioned, when people are asked why something is the way it is, they usually go off from what people have told them, they have a trust in that what they learned from elders who are more experienced than them, is true.
    • Karina DaSilva
       
      But what about when one actually HAS to make these decisions? When you are actually there, what will your response be? Realistically speaking, you would only have maybe a few seconds to make that decision, and I highly doubt someone would mull the moral ups and downs before making a rash action. As it says further down in the article, I think it also has to do with how intimate and personal the situation becomes. With the lever, you can distance yourself, in your mind, tell yourself the train killed the person, not you. Chances are that if a person was in that sort of situation with under 5 seconds to think, it would be much easier to pull the lever and tell yourself you had no choice. Pushing someone, however, would make it YOUR fault. YOU would be responsible for this person's death, and chances are you'd be the last thing they see. Which is why I find this article so interesting. Its fascinating how putting a middle man in a situation can completely change a point of view or outcome. 
    • Luke Gheta
       
      I find this article interesting, but a little structured. Moral obligation is embedded in everyone. Moral decisions are made by a moral compass, which is influenced by the surrounding of an individual. The problem with this study is structure. The event that is taking place is highly unlikely, the study does not stress the influence of a timed decision. 
    • Luke Gheta
       
       Time has to be the most powerful factor within the study. Time is valued differently based on customs and cultural. 
    • Caitlin Fransen
       
      It is crazy the way our institutions have caused our way of thinking to develop. a lot of what students learn in school becomes what they believe because of the schools influence and they also in some cases know no different.  
  •  
    I discussed this ethical scenario in depth last semester in my American Political Thought Class. The idea is: Is it ethical to harm one person in the act of saving another? We as humans tend to think these scenarios over all the time. Even at parties, we often entertain ourselves with silly "Would you rather?" questions. The thought is: What makes us reach such conclusions? To me, it seems people reach such conclusions based on the experiences they have had throughout their lives. I agree with the poster above me in the sense that we are not "hardwired" with a sense of moral knowledge. I feel we derive our own morality in decision making based on our own upbringing and lived experiences. For example, I grew up with parents whom were both police officers. From birth, I had my sense of morality influenced by their want to see me follow the law and be respectful to authority. Although I am now an adult, I still feel their parenting has installed a set of values that determines what I view morally right and wrong. I hate people who text and drive, and where do I get such a judgement? From my parents. Now, if I had parents whom texted while driving I most likely would have a different view on the subject. In conclusion, our own so-called moral compass comes from the own circumstance in which we are brought into the world. A boy growing up in Bel Air with rich parents will obviously have a different sense of morality regarding assisting the poor than someone born to more frugal parents. Although the concept of men being born equal can still be held as true, it is the culture that we are brought into that ultimately determines our fate.
Amanda Garcia

The Road to Serfdom - Readers Digest, April 1945 Condensation - 7 views

  • in the democracies the majority of people still believe that socialism and freedom can be combined.
    • Finn Sukkestad
       
      I understand the connection he is trying to make between slavery and socialism but which is better or easier and less expensive for a government to run? I think that our "free democracy" is just a cheaper version of slavery which according the the article is one and the same as socialism.  I feel like our government has found that efficiency point where people here are paid just enough to do what we want them to without having to actually care about the well being of the workers.  Think about what it took for an american slave owner to keep his or her slave working.  They had to make sure that the slave had a place to sleep, cloths, enough food to make sure they could do all the work they were asked to to.  Today nobody worries about how their gardner or house cleaning is living, they pay them just enought to do teh work you asked and then they go back to wherever they can afford to live and eat what they can with the small amount of money they made from cleaning or mowing as many houses and lawns as the time in one day would let them.  I am not saying that I am pro slavery I am just asking the question, which one provides more for the work?
  • we should in fact unwittingly produce the very opposite of what we have been striving for?
    • Kayla Sawoski
       
      Why would we want to produce the very opposite of what we have been striving for? Wouldn't we want what we have been working each and everyday for? Wouldn't we want what's best for us and not the complete opposite?
    • Dana Sacca
       
      This also relates to "history repeats itself". I agree with the above. We are striving so hard to get to the oposite that we end up doing precisely what we didn't want to do.
    • Dana Sacca
       
      Basically like Oedipus Rex
    • khampton44
       
      I think the "history repeats itself"  idea is spot on for what he was trying to say. And above that as well why would we producing the very opposite of what we have been striving for it does not fit in the grand scheme of things.
    • Luke Gheta
       
      I agree that " history repeats itself". However, Kayla sawoski has a point about production, why would we go backwards.The problem was not the economy. It was fear. Fear was the main factor that lead to the production of this book(article). I simply do not find Friedrich's logic plausible. Clearly he has underestimated the United States ideology views towards a free economy. The United States is unifted as a nation based on princles of "Free Marktet based economy". He has underestimated the secular purpose of America and market exchange.
  • Our generation has forgotten that the system of private property is the most important guarantee of freedom. It is only because the control of the means of production is divided among many people acting independently that we as individuals can decide what to do with ourselves.
    • Kayla Sawoski
       
      Having our own private area where we can go and express ourselves is very important. Humans need a place where we can be free to do as we please in the privacy of our own homes without society watching our every move. A means of privacy is very important to have generated in our government. 
    • Alexis Schomer
       
      we sort of contradict this idea of private property because we invite people to come onto our property a lot of the time. For example, if you have a party you are inviting people you don't even know onto your property. There is no such thing as absolute privacy as the police have the ability to come into your home with a court order. There are ways around and reasons for everything.
    • Devon Meredith
       
      I think this is true. I believe our generation is to worried about the means of freedom that we don't have that we forget the majority things that we do have. Private property is definitely one of the most important guarantees considering we are able to have our own home and everything we want belong in it without government interfering. 
    • Justina Cooney
       
      I agree with this statement. I think that our generation has forgotten the guarantee of freedom through private property because we live in a time where government tells us where we can build, what we can build and when we can build. The government also has the power to take away our property. When I was growing up I saw this first hand when many of my neighbors were forced out of their homes so that government buildings could be put up. Yes, they were compensated but they freedom of private property was taken from them.
    • Tori Mayeda
       
      i agree with both of these statements. I believe that it is important to have privacy generated in our government, but i also agree that it's not entirely true. 
    • Karina DaSilva
       
      I think the line between privacy and public property has become very blurred in today's age. Not only that but I also agree with Alexis in that there no such thing as absolute privacy, except maybe in our own minds. Especially with the emergence of technology such as the internet and computers; whatever we do on there, there are people who could probably access it, no matter how cryptic or private we make it.
    • Carissa Faulk
       
      The private property issue is a tough one, especially when it comes to whether or not the government has the right to tell someone they have to sell their house/business for the sake of city planning. On one end, there is something incredibly unjust about telling someone they MUST sell their property for whatever you are going to offer them, and they can take the compensation or leave it, but either way they loose their property. This seems like a flagrant violation of their right to property. But at the same time, the government has an obligation to do what is best for the city, and if something needs to be built for the good of all, then I understand why they would feel like they have a right to make someone leave their home. But does the fact that it is for the "common good" make it ok to violate someone's constitutional rights? In this case, I would say no, but it is an interesting dilemma.
    • chelseaedgerley
       
      strong statement and so relevant. freedom is questioned all together not only with private property
  • ...18 more annotations...
  • When all the means of production are vested in a single hand, whether it be nominally that of "society" as a whole or that of a dictator, whoever exercises this control has complete power over us.
    • Lauren Dudley
       
      This statement after the private property statement above is important as people need private property in order to make decisions that are best for themselves, individually. If all the power is put into society as a whole, then some poeple will not be happy as the power rests with "society" or a single person. Individuals need to have the chance to conduct their own business and to be free, so that society as individuals have power over themselves and not be forced into something that they do not want. They might have to go along though as they are dependent on the powerful for their economic wellness in society.
    • Dana Sacca
       
      Also when power is put into the hands of society there seems to be a chaos factor that grows. Yes, we need our privacy, but we also need governemnt regulation to keep complete chaos from happening.
    • Ashley Mehrens
       
      Going off what Lauren said, that society needs a chance to have power. This sounds a lot like what we talked about last class in that the powerful people are powerful because they can manipulate society into believing they have a chance but really the fate is already planned out. But as long as society believes they have an option chaos will not break out. 
  • Yet socialism was early recognized by many thinkers as the gravest threat to freedom
    • Lauren Dudley
       
      I find this to be true as socialism puts the power of individuals into the hands of "society" or one individual, which takes away each individual's freedom to decide what they want to do personally and that means each individual loses their freedom to advance in the world (as they choose what they want for themselves and not society as a whole), instead of being at the same level as everyone else of that society.
    • Courtney Sabile
       
      I agree, socialism would be a grave threat to freedom. It gives away an individual's right to be free and weaken the power of the people.
    • Kim H
       
      A lot of the people around me who are against Obama like to claim that he is a socialist, and they say it like its a bad word. What they are really saying is that they feel as though he is threatening their freedoms.  After reading this article, I can see what they mean, but that doesn't mean that I agree with them.
  • Now it was made to mean freedom from necessity, the old demand for a redistribution of wealth.
    • Lauren Dudley
       
      So basically socialism is aiming at taking away the freedom of the people to act as individuals by trying to get to them by taking care of their financial needs. The socialism idea may seem nice right then and there because it provides a sense of security, but the freedom taken away by not being able to decide how to deal with your private property in the long run, in my opinion, is a bigger deal than that sense of security for now.
  • They do not realize that to strive for socialism produces something utterly different - the very destruction of freedom itself.
    • Cameron Schroeck
       
      This is interesting how the very society you try to improve is actually harmed when societies advance toward socialism. This can relate to the everlasting desire to improve and/or change our societies. However, when an advancement to socialism is made, society is harmed by the increasing lack of liberty. You think people would realize the harm that they are bringing to themselves. Perhaps they are too blinded by their negative connotations of other societies that socialism seems appealing since it differs from most other governments. 
    • Kelsey Fratello
       
      I think that most people are unaware of this fact and it should be made know. Most people want to have the most freedom that they can, however, they think they can have socialism as well. If people were to be shown the effects that socialism has and how it indeed destroys freedom, then people would start to have different views of the subject. 
  • "Friedrich Hayek has written one of the most important books of our generation."
    • Caitlin Fransen
       
      its funny how the two quotes about the book differ so greatly. at first it is called "sad and angry little book" but then 4 days later by the same newspaper, but different writers said "Friedrich Hayek has written one of the most important books of our generation" its amazing how the second review cause the book to sell so many more copies 
    • Sarah Marroquin
       
      I agree, public media usually changes it's mind and once it does, the general public agrees too.
    • Kevin Olive
       
      I wonder if anyone noticed the sudden change of opinion from the New York Times? Isn't there some kind of editor to prevent stuff like that from happening?  
    • Shannon Wirawan
       
      I agree with Sarah and Caitlin. The general public are like lemmings. They can't really think on their own until someone says otherwise. And I think that is one of the problems we have today in society as well. No one really knows what is going on because they follow what they hear over and over again, as each opinion changes. 
  • "One of the Most Important Books of Our Generation."
  • while democracy seeks equality in liberty, socialism seeks equality in restraint and servitude."
    • jeffrey hernandez
       
      Its interesting to me that people could find socialism a good idea when in comparison with democracy. Just this line makes me nervous to be in a socialist country.  
    • Meghann Ellis
       
      This sentence strikes me as odd because they consider both democracy and socialism to be seeking equality just in different ways. Democracy is clearly seeking freedom and socialism seeking power and control. It is interesting to think that they both seek equality among there people where in reality is socialism really producing equality?
  • the book eventually sold at least 230,000 copies in the U.S. Hayek went on a U.S. lecture tour, including prestigious places like Harvard University, and he decided he rather liked being a lightning rod for freedom.
    • Tatiana McCuaig
       
      This goes back to what Caitlin said about how the book changed from being widely unknown, to doing a complete 180 and becoming highly popular and getting such high attention from places such as Harvard University. Hayek also decided that he would use his publicity to not only his advantage, but the advantage of others.
  • Democratic assemblies cannot function as planning agencies. They cannot produce agreement on everything - the whole direction of the resources of the nation. The number of possible courses of action will be legion. Even if a congress could, by proceeding step by step and compromising at each point, agree on some scheme, it would certainly in the end satisfy nobody.
    • Brandon White
       
      It's quite crazy how relevant this passage is to our modern congress in the United States. I think it is quite apparent that our current congress has not been working towards maximum efficiency. Congress has reached a point where one own's political party has become far too polarizing.  But can congress truly work as a planning agency? Not all congressional histories have been wrought with inefficiency. As the Civil Rights Bill of the 1960s and the surplus of the 1990s demonstrate, congress does have the distinct power to work in way that can produce a common good for all Americans. I still believe in the democratic system. I still feel that, given the right circumstance, our congressional system can produce a level of good for the American people. Its not the system that's broken. Its the politicians that refuse to compromise that is harming us. 
  • it would certainly in the end satisfy nobody
    • Benjamin Chavez II
       
      Not only would it not satisfy anybody but it would also require a lot of transaction costs.  It would simply be a waste of time.
  • by concentrating power so that it can be used in the service of a single plan, it is not merely transformed but infinitely heightened. An amount of power is created infinitely greater than any that existed before, so much more far-reaching as almost to be different in kind
    • Hayley Jensen
       
      This statement is completely true and speaks to the importance of the dispersion of power. Centralized power blinds the holders to the needs of whom they have power over and taken power from. No single unit can possess the knowledge what is best for a society. Partly because the needs of the people within that society have variations among themselves and the greater power has no insight to those needs. The socialistic approach denies the people to which the power is held over their right to their personal liberties. Denying a group of people the right to autonomy creates resentment and distaste which steers away from allowing opportunity to peoples' "good life".
    • Sean McCarthy
       
      I agree with Miss Jensen, the socialistic leader might be attempting to 'plan' what's best for society, but often doesn't have an unhindered view of what's actually happening/what's best for the people.
    • Luke Gheta
       
      Hahahah. Churchill loses at everything.
    • jackmcfarland12
       
      Fascinating that in a country of free speech where all most forms of protest and talk can be tolerated people were so against publishing a book that thought differently. Perhaps they were afraid to endorse a dangerous idea like this because they were still so afraid of a "Red Scare" like reaction?
    • chelseaedgerley
       
      yeah I agree. I think people were afraid of controversy. crazy though how this book ends up being a huge hit. like it says some friends worked wonders for the book, and now rather than being controversial it is considered one of the most important books written. 
    • Devin Milligan
       
      This does not make any sense to me. Why should we produce the opposite of what we have been wanting to achieve. I believe that we should work towards our goals in life.
    • Sean McCarthy
       
      Hayek appears to be saying that with the "economic planning" the hope is that everyone will be happier and more production will be realized, but that the opposite is what happens..
    • mgarciag
       
      I dont think that democracy and planning are two clashing ideas.  I think that they can coexist peacefully without the idea that either one can be an obstacle for the other.  
  • planners must create power
    • Sean McCarthy
       
      but appear powerless..
  • It was not the Fascists but the socialists who began to collect children at the tenderest age into political organizations to direct their thinking
  • In the hands of private individuals, what is called economic power can be an instrument of coercion, but it is never control over the whole life of a person. But when economic power is centralized as an instrument of political power it creates a degree of dependence scarcely distinguishable from slavery.
    • Amanda Garcia
       
      I think the argument he is making is a strong and interesting one. I've never quite heard it put like this but I can't say that I disagree with him at all. The former may be nothing but the better of two evils, which is not particularly desired, but the latter in this instance would be an envelopment of something much worse. 
  •  
    This article is a lot to digest because of the socialism analysis. The author suggests that going to a socialistic system would insinuate getting rid of freedom. Essentially socialism is a dictator party for the people that would abolish the monopolies that control the economy. The authors solution to socialism/ fascism is to re-embrace and exercise our constitutional rights.
  •  
    I would agree with the part where he said that private property is our most important guarantee of freedom. By being able to own our own property and do with it as we please and there is really noone that can take it away from us once we own it we have the ultimate right to freedom right there.
jose marichal

test - 1 views

Caitlin Scott

http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ362/hallam/readings/rawl_justice.pdf - 2 views

    • georgenasr
       
      So Rawl believes that their will be inequalities socially and economically in a just society, but everyone deserves to have a chance to climb socially/economically? Or does everyone have the same advantage? How is this different from Nozick?
    • Cameron Schroeck
       
      True, everyone deserves a chance to climb the social and economic ladders, and I would have to agree with Rawl. By contrast, Nozick's belief in natural hierarchy and everyone is sorted into social classes. However, I would have to agree with Rawl. I think that those who are in the lower ranks of the economic and social scale should be given a degree of extra attention. I believe this gives more equality as it helps to better incorporate the lower classes to a higher standard of living that everyone should be entitled to.
    • Karina DaSilva
       
      I have to agree.  Of course, the "natural hierarchy", I think, is just another way of pointing out how often we as humans are biased.  At some point in time, there is always a group (be it a marginalized sex, ethnicity, or orientation) that is discriminated, whether blatantly or discreetly.  Of course this is not to say that equality should stop being pursued, that is something that people should always strive for. 
    • Kevin Olive
       
      I think that as humans we will always create a some kind of hierarchy. We all would like to believe that we are all created equal but in most cases this is not true. Although this does not mean that we can not work to close any gaps between in society.
    • Caitlin Scott
       
      I feel like he is saying that we cannot live in a society where "we can have it all." We must give up certain fundamental rights because not everyone is equal, socially or economically, and that's not fair.  Has this guy never heard of the expression, life isn't fair?  I am all for people helping out the underprivileged, but how about letting it be just that? People helping people, not some corrupt holier than thou politician in big government deciding what is "fair" and what is an equal distribution of rights and money. This ideology is setting people up to look like villains if they disagree with it. 
  •  
    It was really hard to fully understand what the authors two main points are. I interpret the statement "each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive basic liberty compatible with a similar liberty for others" as the author basically saying that everyone deserves the same rights and opportunities as others. His second point, "social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are both a) reasonably expected to be to everyone's advantage; and b) attached to positions and offices open to all" is very hard to understand the point he is trying to make, or even what his line of thought is for this. If mentioning these two main points was suppose to be some sort of thesis or preview of what the rest of the article is about then it did a very poor job of making it clear and concise.
Finn Sukkestad

Amsterdam as Smart City: Going Green, Fast - Businessweek - 2 views

  • in local bus stops will be powered by small solar panels. Elsewhere, 500 households will pilot an energy-saving system from IBM (IBM) and Cisco (CSCO) aimed at cutting electricity costs. An additional 728 homes will have access to financing from Dutch banks ING (ING) and Rabobank to buy everything from energy-saving light bulbs to ultra-efficient roof insulation
    • elliott reyes
       
      IBM is thinking smart by doing all this were gonna save energy and Gas having electric trucks that are nonpolluting is a benefit for us it will take jobs away but overall will be better for our inviroment.
    • Finn Sukkestad
       
      It is nice to see banks offer small loans to people so that they can make the effort to be mores sustainable and feel better about their own city specifically as well.
  •  
    Green innovation and Eco friendly infrastructures is good news for the world. Especially if the United States has caught on to Amsterdam's Environmental architects. This green innovation is expensive to fund but it is the most efficient thing investors could do for the environment and the global economy.
Sean McCarthy

Chimp Fights and Trolley Rides - Radiolab | Diigo - 1 views

    • Sean McCarthy
       
      I found this insanely interesting. I agree with some parts of this and disagree with some. I think that some of our 'morality' does come from a biological sense, but that a large part of it comes from how we grow up, what our upbringing was, different situations we were put in and what kind of people we are put in close contact with at a young age. If morality was all (or at least primarily) biological and arising from evolution, then why is it that morality is so different across the human species? It's quite possible I'm way off, but that's just the basics of what i pulled from that..
gina Hogrefe

Gina - 1 views

"The endowment effect" is an interesting concept. Reluctant to trade our coffee mugs for chocolate is the moral of the story. That and that human animals are irrational which confirms that the valu...

started by gina Hogrefe on 18 Sep 12 no follow-up yet
Flavio Guzman

TWO CONCEPTS OF LIBERTY - 0 views

"That is why those who put their faith in some immense, world-transforming phenomenon, like the final triumph of reason or the proletarian revolution, must believe that all political and moral prob...

started by Flavio Guzman on 28 Sep 12 no follow-up yet
Flavio Guzman

What Makes Us Happy? - 0 views

I found it interesting how the study only followed men from Harvard. There are a couple of things that come to mind with this. One of the things is that the researches probably thought that men fro...

started by Flavio Guzman on 24 Sep 12 no follow-up yet
Caitlin Scott

What Makes Us Happy? - Joshua Wolf Shenk - The Atlantic - 0 views

  • And then what happened? You married, and took a posting overseas. You started smoking and drinking. In 1951—you were 31—you wrote, “I think the most important element that has emerged in my own psychic picture is a fuller realization of my own hostilities.
    • Brandon White
       
      I feel that the "good life" that the subject had earlier on in this case study is what set him up for such a troubled life beyond college. Having your early years be nothing but pure bliss (or as it seems in this study) did not prepare the subject for any type of adversity later on in life. Personally, I think people need to suffer some type of troubles in their lives in order to understand what "happiness" truly is. One reaches happiness when they can overcome such struggles and become more well-rounded individuals as a result. When someone who is rich their entire lives loses all of their money, they will be far fetched to return back to the top. But someone who has experience in such difficulty suffers financial hardship, they are more equipped (experienced?) to handle such a situation. So as odd as it sounds, adversity breeds success.
    • Caitlin Scott
       
      I totally agree with you Brandon.  Also, to add to your point sometimes when you have hit the lowest of lows you appreciate any point that is better than that and maybe achieving the point where you were initially is not as important as recognizing the important aspects of how you were at the top in the first place.  Its more important to identify the reasons that you believed you were successful in the first place then to try to get back to the top by any means possible.  
  • Arlie Bock had gone looking for binary conclusions—yeses and nos, dos and don’ts.
    • Hayley Jensen
       
      This is a rather lofty expectation that Bock had of this study. This could be an influence of the rigid society of the first part of the 20th century. Life is not black and white. Happiness is not one way or another. Happiness, among many other emotions, resonates between good and bad, twisted and angelic. Happiness can be defined universally. Ways of attaining happiness is infinite and relative. 
  • “Dad, I just don’t know what I’ll do with this watch. It’s so fragile. It could break.” The other boy runs to him and says, “Daddy! Daddy! Santa left me a pony, if only I can just find it!”
    • Hayley Jensen
       
      This is a clear example that speaks to happiness coming in different forms for different people.
Jason van Rijn

Dr. Marichal's Course Portals (217) - 1 views

    • Jason van Rijn
       
      Beyond finding "Boots are superior to Pushkin" amusing, I think it is important to consider the state of one's basic living conditions on the interpretation of freedom. The article previously acknowledges the many nuances of personal interpretation of freedom. Nobody living in complete squalor will care about analyzing possible restrictions on their freedom when primary needs are not meant.
    • Chantelle Cichon
       
      I feel as though something like Medicare should be a right and not something a person should have to afford.  Being physically healthy is much more important than the amount of money it costs and that's a corruption of society.
    • Jason van Rijn
       
      It is somewhat intuitive that careful modification of language can enhance an argument. We have already seen Frank Luntz use test groups to determine which phrases evoke the greatest sense of emotional reaction and persuasion for republican causes. 
Ryan Hamilton

What Makes Us Happy? - Joshua Wolf Shenk - The Atlantic - 0 views

  • But you said your parents’ divorce was “just like in the movies,” and that you someday “would like to have some marital difficulties” of your own.
    • Tori Mayeda
       
      why would anyone want to have marital difficulties? Most relationships run into problems but it sounds like they are hoping for them!  
  • the key to the good life
    • Sean McCarthy
       
      I found this article insanely interesting, but also a little disconcerting. The men interviewed and followed all started above average, and yet we see that most of them (at least the ones outlined in this article) had major personal issues in their life; not issues such as an important person's death, but that they had legitimate psychological issues. The ending could've wrapped up a little better what the moral of the story is from all these years of research, but I guess it's all right that they leave it on us to gleam from it what we will. 
    • Ryan Hamilton
       
      Yeah I agree, maybe the moral of the story is that even with all of this data we might not be able to really know what leads to a 'good life'. But by looking at the stories from the people involved you can see how they either grew or fell from their experiences and maybe in that we can glean a little something about what leads to a good long life.
Caitlin Fransen

What Makes Us Happy? - Joshua Wolf Shenk - The Atlantic - 0 views

  • “What have you learned from the Grant Study men?” Vaillant’s response: “That the only thing that really matters in life are your relationships to other people.”
    • georgenasr
       
      I wonder how this research would have been better if they tested females as well.
  • Bock declared that medical research paid too much attention to sick people; that dividing the body up into symptoms and diseases—and viewing it through the lenses of a hundred micro-specialties—could never shed light on the urgent question of how, on the whole, to live well. His study would draw on undergraduates who could “paddle their own canoe,” Bock said, and it would “attempt to analyze the forces that have produced normal young men.”
    • Caitlin Fransen
       
      interesting to think about it in that way, we study all the sickness and diseases, but why not look at in a different way? how do we live well? sickness may give us some clues, but there are other ways to look at it and discover how to live well
    • Emily Shandorf
       
      it takes time and it is exausted to do these studies in a depth way. This shows a lot of intrest concerning the body and the sympthoms/diseases. But why only male were tested and studied? I think they could have chosen also a different point of view also by choosing females. It might give them different resolts from the male, to then compare to each other and come out with a better solution or idea.
Kim H

What Makes Us Happy? - Joshua Wolf Shenk - The Atlantic - 0 views

shared by Kim H on 23 Sep 12 - No Cached
  • If you follow lives long enough, the risk factors for healthy life adjustment change
    • Kim H
       
      This makes perfect sense to me. As we age, different things take priority in our lives and it's good to realize this and adjust accordingly. 
Amanda Garcia

What Makes Us Happy? - Joshua Wolf Shenk - The Atlantic - 0 views

  • Your wife had a cancer scare
    • Dana Sacca
       
      Why does it have to be from a guys point of view?
    • Edmund Garrett
       
      It doesn't. You could easily switch the POV if you wanted to.
    • elliott reyes
       
      why does it have to be from a guys point of view someone answer
    • madison taylor
       
      it could be from a womans point of view, a woman with a wife.
    • Carissa Faulk
       
      The study is from a man's point of view (as all of the people studied were male). So of course the case they are sighting will be from a man's point of view.
  • funders expect results quickly
    • Dana Sacca
       
      Impatient
  • From their days of bull sessions in Cambridge to their active duty in World War II, through marriages and divorces, professional advancement and collapse—and now well into retirement—the men have submitted to regular medical exams, taken psychological tests, returned questionnaires, and sat for interviews
    • Sarah Marroquin
       
      This sounds like a science ficiton movie that is to come in the near future... It also seems that this is an interesting study, but time consuming to the point where the researcher, themselves, do not have a life of their own.
    • jeffrey hernandez
       
      I agree, it also seems like an awful amount of research, just to find the secrets of the good life. 
    • Kevin Olive
       
      I wonder if anyone got paid from this study
    • Shannon Wirawan
       
      But to everyone, the 'good life' is different. So, it is probable that the researchers were performing all of these methods of research to explore every possibility there is to achieve the 'good life'. Plus, it seems like finding the secrets of the 'good life' is like finding the meaning of life. There are so many things and paths to take until one discovers all the secrets to what he/she were looking for.
    • Alexa Datuin
       
      I definitely agree with Shannon. We are raised in a world where we create and find our own ideas, especially when it comes to happiness. We have our own opinions on what it means to have a great life and to be happy with it.
    • Justina Cooney
       
      This article was so interesting to me because he got to really understand so many life stories. There is no way of really understanding happiness unless you are a fly on the wall and you are able to see the end result from all the ups and downs that life throws at us. When I think about what makes people happy I do agree with his main conclusion but I also understand and agree with some of my peers that the "good life" is different for everyone. With that being said I wonder how we can alter public policy to facilitate peoples road to happiness based on the findings from this study,
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • He defined normal as “that combination of sentiments and physiological factors which in toto is commonly interpreted as successful living.”
    • Kayla Sawoski
       
      I don't think there is such a thing as "normal". There is no true definition. To one person, "normal" may mean something completely different than another person's definition. We may look at "normal" as a way everybody should think or act, however, what is "normal"?? I think everyone has different opinions of what "normal" is. 
    • Dana Sacca
       
      This also applies to people that think they are "weird". To some "weird" has become the new "normal". It's all relative and depends on perspective.
    • Lauren Dudley
       
      I agree with that above that normal cannot be defined. People are different in their ways and in their views. The view of being normal is all about perception and who has the right to say who is normal and who is not. Being normal is all about the point of view.
    • Cameron Schroeck
       
      I disagree with the statement that normal is considered the common term for successful living. So is everyone who is successful normal? Steve Jobs was very successful, but I don't think wearing a black turtle neck and jeans every day would be the common definition of normal apparel. Normality is a matter of self perception and everyone lives by their own standards. Thus, I don't think that there can be a uniform definition of the term "normal."  
    • Ashley Mehrens
       
      I agree with previous comments that normality depends on the point of view. What someone may think is normal others may think its weird. To define normal would have to include that it changes for different people. This definition does not include that. In response to Cameron, I totally agree. For the most part successful people arent the "normal" ones. To become successful one must try something new and think outside of the box. Most successful people were deemed crazy in the first stages of their development. For example when Walt Disney started Disneyland in the middle of orange groves, people thought he was wasting his time and money. Now Disneyland is a would renowned theme park.
    • Kelsey Fratello
       
      I also agree with Cameron that there isn't a "uniform definition of the term 'normal'". We all have our own ways of determining what we feel is "normal"; but that's the thing, it's our own opinion. I do think it was good that they included what their definition of "normal" was so that we could see the type of males they used in their study. If they left this little detail out, I think this issue of "normal" would have become a bigger deal than the study. 
    • Karina DaSilva
       
      But can't "normal" also be a blanket term for "socially common"? While I do agree that normality is very much based on perspective from person to person, I would think for the sake of this article, "normal" would define that which is common and regularly occurring. I don't know maybe that's just me.
  • Exhaustive medical exams noted everything from major organ function, to the measure of lactic acid after five minutes on a treadmill, to the size of the “lip seam” and the hanging length of the scrotum. Using a new test called the electroencephalograph, the study measured the electrical activity in the brain, and sought to deduce character from the squiggles.
    • Alexis Schomer
       
      This is an extremely detailed research and I wonder what all of these small aspects have to do with the overall purpose about happiness.
    • Edmund Garrett
       
      Yes it is interesting, in which they try to scientifically or almost mathematically define human emotion. For happiness is a human emotion such as love. And for many years I have believed that those things can not be defined by numbers.
    • Courtney Sabile
       
      It's a little ridiculous in my opinion to do such thorough research about pursuing happiness and determining the length of life. A person who could get nothing to everything wouldn't be happy if they are empty inside. I believe love and the people around you in your life make happiness. Also your own ability to be willing to achieve happiness and well-being. Those I believe are the main factors to true life-long happiness.
  • measured them from every conceivable angle and with every available scientific tool.
    • Devin Milligan
       
      I don't think you can really measure someones happiness with scientific tools and with data. How do you measure happiness with tools?
    • Erick Sandoval
       
      You would have to set a standard of happiness in order to measure it. Every person would have a different criteria that would measure their happiness.
    • Kevin Olive
       
      Is there a scientific tool to measure happiness? Do you Really need so many people to find out if someone is happy? Why not just ask the test group if they are happy or not? This seems like an extensive study to find out something seemingly simple.
    • chelseaedgerley
       
      I suppose you could use certain methods or questions to determine someones level or happiness. simply asking them if there happy or not wouldn't help because like many of us when were asked how were doing we say good (even if were bad). I agree with all of you though, scientific tools do seem silly and inaccurate.
    • Nicolas Bianchi
       
      Its hard to measure someones happiness in general. Everyone is different, there is no real defined method.
  • , a kind of whole-body phrenology based on the premise that stock character types could be seen from body proportions
    • Tatiana McCuaig
       
      It seems that they could judge these men's overall happiness through their physical appearance as well. This really is an intense breakdown of the body physically to see if it is possible to judge joy through purely the body
    • Devon Meredith
       
      I also think that this is an odd way to test a man's happiness considering even the most unattractive man can find happiness through other ways besides their looks. 
    • Finn Sukkestad
       
      i like the direction of the video how he talks about why getting old isn't as scary as everyone thinks it is.  That being old can be just as much but different fun as being young.  I cant say that after this I am looking forward to being 60 but I can say that I can understand not wanting to be sitting there thinking about how boring it is when the time comes but rather find the little things in life that really make you happy.
    • Brandon Weger
       
      I think that a lot of people are scared about getting old, mostly because they are afraid of the challenges that it may present, it's another thing in the world of the unknown... and thats one of the scariest things in the world in my opinion. I think that we just forget that life can still be a lot of fun when you get older
    • sahalfarah
       
      I agree with Brandon. People are generally scared of getting older because they assume that it means that they won't be able to do everything they can do now. To an extent that's true, but there is still a lot you can do at an older age. 
  • wn life has been so woven into the study—and the study has become such a creature of his mind—that neit
    • khampton44
       
      I think this is kind of interesting. The fact that he gave so much of his life to study others life it seems like a little bit of a waste, even if it is for science.
  • dividing the body up into symptoms and diseases—and viewing it through the lenses of a hundred micro-specialties—could never shed light on the urgent question of how, on the whole, to live well
    • Hayley Jensen
       
      I love this idea of studying how to maintain happiness. Much emphasis is put on mental "sickness" or and there seems to be a negative stigma associated with that. Yes, some people fall into illness because of uncontrollable cause, and require therapy. Therefore, seeing a therapist means that there is something wrong with you to where you can't deal with your problems yourself. The idea of focusing more so on helping people maintain happiness and good standing in their lives is almost common sense. Prevention is key. Giving people tools to succeed is essential to the well being of someones life. Of course you can argue that people learn from their mistakes and from getting up after they have been knocked down. That is just life. I personally feel that many times, people are guessing in life and there is no clear cut path. By focusing on how to live well, could potentially shape society in good ways. There is no right way to live well, but if everyone is on the pursuit of their own happiness, overall we might live in a more accepting and fluid society.
    • mgarciag
       
      i find it interesting that the guy who created this foundation had like no life outside of his foundation life.  It is like his personal life and his life with the foundation merged ad only created one life.
  • They stripped naked so that every dimension of their bodies could be measured for “anthropometric” analysis
    • Amanda Garcia
       
      It makes me wonder if this at all changed how the men in the study lived out their lives, and if they would have done anything differently had they not been a part of it. It had to have affected them in someway, knowing that they would be analysed and evaluated throughout their entire lives. That is no normal way to live. And so it would seem to me that no truly normal conclusions could be drawn. They would at the very least be askew and affected.  
  •  
    What I got out of this longitude study "What Makes us Happy" article is that happiness comes not from tangibles but the non-tangibles in our lives.
  •  
    I find it interesting that they would put so much effort into discovering the secrets to the "good life" when the very definition of that phrase will change depending on who you ask, and the methods of obtaining the good life will be different depending on what it is you want from life.
Flavio Guzman

Does the Invisible Hand Need a Helping Hand? - 0 views

In the article of the invisible hand what stood out to me the most was the final sentence. Other parts of it got my attention as well such as when parents began picking up their children even later...

started by Flavio Guzman on 19 Sep 12 no follow-up yet
Dana Sacca

ThickCulture » A multidisciplinary blog about public discourse, multicultural... - 1 views

  • Then the candidate makes truly vile remarks questioning the President’s patriotism during an on-going attack on American personnel
    • Dana Sacca
       
      I don't understand why it is necessary for candidates to bash each other. They each have different views, they each have different voters, I don't see the need to have to bash on another candidate to gain voters. If anything that would make me not want to vote for them.
Sarah Marroquin

Joanna Moorhead on the best country to give birth | Life and style | The Guardian - 0 views

    • Sarah Marroquin
       
      If Sweden is a perfect place for having children, and under the assumption that other wealthy countries have the technology to attain the same results; then why has our birth rate gone down in recent years?
Brandon White

Best content in contemporary issues in public policy | Diigo - Groups - 0 views

  • I believe all of that comes from the experiences that we have had growing up and continues until the day that we die. 
    • Brandon White
       
      I agree with this wholeheartedly. I talk about this in my post as well. Our sense of morals come from our own upbringing, not from some magnificent force that gives us moral judgement from birth. 
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