K.G.2 "Correctly name shapes regardless of their orientations or overall size." This activity can be modified for ELL students by having them draw a picture of the shapes they see in their food, rather than writing the word on the graph. The gifted students can be challenged by having them give examples of other things they see in their every day lives that are shapes, not just food. This activity can be used for the older ages by having them identify different angles or more complex shapes, such as parallelograms.

3.MD.2 "Measure and estimate liquid volumes and masses of objects using standard units of grams (g), kilograms (kg), and liters (l). Add, subtract, multiply, or divide to solve one-step word problems involving masses or volumes that are given in the same units, e.g., by using drawings (such as a beaker with a measurement scale) to represent the problem." This activity can be modified for ELL students by having them work in pairs or small groups. The ELL students could have the role as "recorder" until they grasp the concept of how estimation works. This activity can be modified for gifted students by having them measure more objects, and then make a graph based on their results. For older ages, this activity could be used to measure objects, and then convert the weight into other units of measurement.

1. OA. 2 "Solve word problems that call for addition of three whole numbers whose sum is less than or equal to 20, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem." This activity can be modified for gifted students by having them use more "pins" to add up. In the same way, the activity can be modified for ELL students by giving them fewer "pins" to add up. The activity can be used for older ages by having them multiply the numbers together.

K.CC.4 "Understand the relationship between numbers and quantities; connect counting to cardinality." This activity can be used with ELL students by having them simply count the spaces, rather than finding the matching number from the die. The gifted students can be given cards, rather than die, with simple math problems on them. The student would move their froggy to the number on the board that is the solution to their math problem. For example, if their card read "3 + 2", the child would move their froggy to the 5 space. This activity could be used with older grades by using the card concept, but using multiplication or division problems.

1.MD.3 "Tell and write time in hours and half-hours using analog and digital clocks." This activity can be modified for ELL students or gifted students by giving them less dates to put on their timeline, or more dates to put on their timeline. The ELL students should be encouraged to draw pictures with their events in order to convey what each event is. This activity could be used across the curriculum by having students make a timeline of their favorite book. The plot of the book should go along the timeline. This can be done in various subject areas!

2.OA.2 "Fluently add and subtract within 20 using mental strategies.2 By end of Grade 2, know from memory sums all of two one-digit numbers." This game could be modified for gifted students by using more number cards, and modifying the goal. The goal for these students could be to get cards that total 20, rather than 10. This game could also be used for older age groups by having them play with negative and positive numbers. 

1.MD.4 "Organize, represent, and interpret data with up to three categories; ask and answer questions about the total number of data points, how many in each category, and how many more or less are in one category than in another." This activity can be modified for ELL students by drawing pictures, rather than writing words, in each category. For older age levels, this activity could include more difficult or complex categories.

4.OA.4 "Find all factor pairs for a whole number in the range 1-100. Recognize that a whole number is a multiple of each of its factors. Determine whether a given whole number in the range 1-100 is a multiple of a given one-digit number. Determine whether a given whole number in the range 1-100 is prime or composite." This activity could be used for gifted students by providing a bigger number chart. It could also be used for ELL students by providing a smaller number chart (ex: a 50 chart). This activity could be used for younger ages by having the students identify different types of numbers. For example, the students could be searching for even numbers or odd numbers, rather than prime or composite numbers.

4.NBT.2 "Read and write multi-digit whole numbers using base-ten numerals, number names, and expanded form. Compare two multi-digit numbers based on meanings of the digits in each place, using >, =, and < symbols to record the results of comparisons." This activity can be adjusted for ELL students by using a smaller deck of cards. The game can first be mastered by using only the black cards (positive numbers). Once the student(s) is comfortable with the concept of the game with the positive numbers, the negative numbers (red cards) can be introduced. This activity can be used for younger ages by working with only the black cards, and modeling proper mathematical words, such as "greater than" and "less than".

4.G.2 "Classify two-dimensional figures based on the presence or absence of parallel or perpendicular lines, or the presence or absence of angles of a specified size. Recognize right triangles as a category, and identify right triangles." This activity can be modified for ELL students, gifted students, etc. by using fewer shapes, as well as shapes that are easier to identify. In the other sense, it can be modified to include more shapes that are more difficult to identify. This activity could also be used in other subject areas, such as science. It could be used to identify different classifications of plants and animals. It could also be used in foreign language. The students could read a vocabulary word in the foreign language, and then have to say the correct vocabulary work in English.