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Contents contributed and discussions participated by Vanessa Ward

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Vanessa Ward

Prenatal Genistein In Soy Reduces Obesity In Offspring - DukeHealth.org - 8 views

www.dukehealth.org/...9584

genistein phytoestrogen soy endocrine EED

shared by Vanessa Ward on 04 Jun 10 - Cached
  • The agouti methylation consistently occurred throughout several germ layers of embryonic tissue, indicating that genistein acted during early embryonic development. Moreover, the methylation changes persisted into adulthood, providing the first evidence that in utero dietary genistein alters epigenetic gene regulation, coat color, and susceptibility to adult obesity in animals.
  • Vanessa Ward on 04 Jun 10
     
    This is awesome, thanks Liz.
  • Vanessa Ward on 13 Jun 10
     
    This addresses the controversy of the role of estrogenics and the role they play in predispostion to obesity. DDE studies were positive for resulting in obesity but genistein studies show that in utero exposure results in a lower adult body weight. Both are estrogenics.
Vanessa Ward

PLoS Biology: The Toxic Origins of Disease - 0 views

www.plosbiology.org/...journal.pbio.0050193

obesity endocrine origins of disease DES Blumberg Grun obesogen

shared by Vanessa Ward on 11 Jun 10 - Cached
  • During embryonic development, steroid hormones like estrogen control gene-expression programs to coordinate cell differentiation, growth, organogenesis, and metabolism.
  • “The moment we published something on bisphenol A, the chemical industry went out and hired a number of corporate laboratories to replicate our research. What was stunning about what they did . . . was they hired people who had no idea how to do the work.”
  • “whole-animal toxicological studies,” which look at different endpoints than the more mechanistic studies do, Hughes says. “That doesn't let you look at changes in gene expression, changes in epigenetic control of gene expression.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • “I can tell you simply by the size of the animal which is DES-exposed and which isn't.”
  • “We found out that brain is a target, bone is a target . . . and now the new target is adipocytes.”
  • When he removed all the soy-derived plant estrogens from the mother's diet, he was astonished to see endogenous estradiol levels in the fetus rise, and the offspring become “horrifically obese.
  • Adding the weak plant estrogens back in the diet suppressed the far more potent endogenous estradiol, he discovered, by inhibiting an enzyme required to make it.
  • Recent evidence suggests that a class of ubiquitous environmental pollutants called organotins can also stimulate adipogenesis and interfere with energy balance
  • Vanessa Ward on 11 Jun 10
     
    This was one of the first articles that I looked in depth at and pretty much read all of. It presents some of the original research done on the effects Bisphenol-A on reproductive development and mammary gland formamation and how in the process led to a noticeable pattern between exposure and weight gain. The study of obesogens is a new field that was in a way accidentally discovered. It has been hypothesized that estrogen causes embryonic cells to develop into fat cells through a process called adipogenesis by chemicals called organotins. New research to support this is addressed in this article.
Vanessa Ward

San Francisco Medical Society | The Weight of Evidence - 0 views

www.sfms.org/...Template.cfm

SFMS Blumberg Grun obesity epidemic endocrine disruption EDCs obesity

shared by Vanessa Ward on 11 Jun 10 - Cached
  • “leading to neglect of other plausible mechanisms and well-intentioned but potentially ill-founded proposals for reducing obesity rates”
  • Since publication of that review, substantial evidence has emerged that increases the plausibility of one of the alternative mechanisms suggested by Keith et al: disruption of weight regulation by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment.
  • Concerns about the potential contribution of EDCs to childhood obesity build from two considerations, one out of human biology and the other from animal experiments
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • Prior
  • toxicologists were concerned more with weight loss, which was seen as an adverse outcome.
  • Many of these chemicals alter the behavior of specific genes that are involved in determining the number of fat cells (adipocytes) an individual will have as an adult.
  • he list of contaminants implicated by animal studies is substantial, including several estrogenic EDCs such as DES, bisphenol A, soy phytoestrogens
  • Almost no human data are available to test the obesogen hypothesis in people. No epidemiological evidence exists, because the hypothesis is so new
  • One in vitro experiment, however, has demonstrated that exposure to obesogens increases the rate of conversion of human stem cells to adipocytes (Kirchner et al 2010), confirming the validity of the basic mechanism and the relevance of the animal studies to people.
  • That would be a big win for medicine and public health.
  • Vanessa Ward on 11 Jun 10
     
    San Francisco Medical Society discusses the possible relationship between chemical exposure and the obesity epidemic.
Vanessa Ward

2010 March « Our Health and Environment Blog - 0 views

ourhealthandenvironment.wordpress.com/...03

obesity epidemic obesogens endocrine society

shared by Vanessa Ward on 06 Jun 10 - Cached
  • n addition to these issues, the prestigious international Endocrine Society published a seminal report last year stating that, “scientific research implies the impact of environmental substances in the generative roots of obesity.”
  • Vanessa Ward on 06 Jun 10
     
    This is a letter addressing the "obesogen theory" and how the government could play a role in the prevention of obesity through the implementation of beter food regulations. I thought it was interesting to see a current letter addressing my topic and maybe it's a type source other people can look for that they may not have initially thought of.
  • Vanessa Ward on 11 Jun 10
     
    A link in this article led me to another useful source. I didn't know that the White House was involved with this and that obesogens were brought to their attention until I read this letter. Bruce Blumberg signed the letter and since many of my sources are about his studies I thought it was neat how this letter tied together some of my research.
Vanessa Ward

Maternal levels of dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE) may increase weight and body... - 0 views

oem.bmj.com/143.full

obesity epidemiological study exposure DDE BMI fish consupmption Great Lakes

shared by Vanessa Ward on 04 Jun 10 - Cached
  • Objectives: To investigate the effect of prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE) on weight, height and body mass index (BMI) in adult female offspring of the Michigan fisheater cohort examined between 1973 and 1991
  • Maternal height and BMI were significant predictors of the daughters’ height, weight and BMI.
  • The weight and BMI of adult offspring were statistically significantly associated with the extrapolated prenatal DDE levels of their mothers.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • ncreasingly, however, prenatal exposure to toxicants is suspected of contributing to obesity.
  • Previous studies have shown that Michigan anglers and fisheaters have higher serum levels of PCBs and DDE than population controls.
  • A total of 176 (82.6%) daughters participated in at least one of two repeated investigations
  • Our results suggest that higher prenatal exposure to DDE, but not to PCBs, is statistically significantly associated with increased weight and BMI in adult female offspring.
  • Vanessa Ward on 04 Jun 10
     
    Liz, this article was already in my library and you might want to look at it. I feel as though the study isn't completely controlled since it deals with people who chose to participate in the study over the course of many years but there are some concepts that can be gathered that may be beneficial to you.
  • Vanessa Ward on 11 Jun 10
     
    This is another epidemiological study similar to the study present by Suphada on sport fish consumption. There were many outside variables, leading to only a small sample size that could be used.
Vanessa Ward

The Toxic Origins of Disease - 1 views

www.plosbiology.org/...10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0050193

shared by Vanessa Ward on 29 May 10 - Cached
  • Vanessa Ward on 29 May 10
     
    This was one of the first articles that I looked in depth at and pretty much read all of. It presents some of the original research done on the effects Bisphenol-A on reproductive development and mammary gland formamation and how in the process led to a noticeable pattern between exposure and weight gain. The study of obesogens is a new field that was in a way accidentally discovered. It has been hypothesized that estrogen causes embryonic cells to develop into fat cells through a process called adipogenesis by chemicals called organotins. New research to support this is addressed in this article.
  • Vanessa Ward on 11 Jun 10
     
    This source is probably the biggest contribution to my paper. I accidentally shared it twice because I couldn't figure out how to edit the tags on this one since it didn't come from my library. I shared it before I figured out how to share the sources from my library to the group, I thought I had to do it separately.
Vanessa Ward

Endocrine Disruptors and the Obesity Epidemic -- Heindel 76 (2): 247 -- Toxicological S... - 1 views

toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/...247

obesity endocrine disruption

shared by Vanessa Ward on 25 May 10 - Cached
  • "We are faced with the seeming paradox of increased adiposity at both ends of the birth weight spectrum—higher BMI with higher birth weight and increased central obesity with lower birth weight" (Oken and Gillman, 2003). Thus prevention of childhood and adult obesity must start in utero.
  • Indeed, many synthetic chemicals are actually used to increase weight in animals.
  • This article provides fascinating examples of chemicals that have been tested for toxicity by standard tests that resulted in weight gain in the animals at lower doses than those that caused any obvious toxicity.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • Chemicals having endocrine-disrupting activity rise to the top of the list as most act via receptors linked to activation of transcriptional activity.
  • In the adult, loss of circulating estrogen due to ovariectomy leads to increased body and adipose tissue weights. Estrogen receptor alpha knockout mice have a significantly increased body fat content, and estrogen decreases the activity of lipoprotein lipase
  • estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemical bisphenol A at concentrations as low as 2 µg/ml, in the presence of insulin, stimulated differentiation of the 3T3L1 cells into adipocytes
  • he fact that an environmental chemical has the potential to stimulate growth of "preadipocytes" has enormous implications for the area of obesity and its control.
  • Differentiation could be inhibited and more potential fat cells could be formed, as seems to be the case with NP, or differentiation could be stimulated, as appears to be the case with BPA
  • Will these results extrapolate to the in vivo situation in rodents and other animal models?
  • Only time and more research will tell, but the door has been opened by the novel work being highlighted.
  • Vanessa Ward on 25 May 10
     
    An article discussing how the area of research of obesity as a result of endocrine disrupting chemical exposure could be a beneficial area for intervention and prevention studies of obesity. This was one of the first articles I found directly addressing how endocrine disrupting chemical exposure can lead to a predisposition to obesity
Vanessa Ward

Epigenetics, Evolution, Endocrine Disruption, Health, and Disease -- Crews and McLachla... - 1 views

endo.endojournals.org/...s4

shared by Vanessa Ward on 22 May 10 - Cached
  • Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment have been linked to human health and disease. This is particularly evident in compounds that mimic the effects of estrogens.
  • information recently uncovered, regarding mechanisms of endocrine and environmental signaling, to explore the role of the environment in health and disease.
  • Vanessa Ward on 22 May 10
     
    This a good article that gives a general overview of EDC's and the role they play in the compromise of physical and mental health. One particularly interesting thing is how a discussion of EDC's and evolution is presented.
Vanessa Ward

Endocrine Disruptors IV: Cancer in Our Foods - 1 views

www.nativeshop.org/...8-endocrine-disruptors-iv.html

shared by Vanessa Ward on 22 May 10 - Cached
  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of compounds that include over one hundred different contaminants
  • PAHs are persistent compounds. They are not easily broken down, so they can last for a long time. Also, they bioaccumulate—the higher up in the food chain you go, the higher the concentration of PAHs within the organism.
  • To be safe, there are several ways of reducing exposure to PAHs
  • Vanessa Ward on 22 May 10
     
    I thought this was an interesting introductory site to PAH's and how they relate to endocrine disruption. The main focus is on PAH's, which are the result of incompletely burned material such as coal, wood, oil, or gas. Eating grilled foods could increase the exposure to PAH's as well as cigarette smoke, exhaust and even natural sources such as forest fires. Exposure to PAH's could lead to the development of cancer.
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