APEngLangper711-12

People usually do not resort to risky and desperate moves unless they have nothing left to lose. Steinbeck begins the Joads’ story with the loss of everything they had

Whether as tenants or small landholders, either for subsistence or for markets, the vast majority of the poor migrantes now coming to this country are fleeing the loss of their farms and their livelihoods, just as the Joads

As far as capitalism is concerned, whatever will maximize profit is the arrangement that must be pursued, regardless of the human consequences. The situation in Mexico today resembles that of Oklahoma 75 years ago. Small family farms are no longer profitable enough, and people are being thrown off their land every year by the thousands.

Although the Dust Bowl included many Great Plains states, the migrants were generically known as "Okies," referring to the approximately 20 percent who were from Oklahoma. The migrants represented in Voices from the Dust Bowl came primarily from Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, and Missouri. Most were of Anglo-American descent with family and cultural roots in the poor rural South.

Voices from the Dust Bowl illustrates certain universals of human experience: the trauma of dislocation from one's roots and homeplace; the tenacity of a community's shared culture; and the solidarity within and friction among folk groups. Such intergroup tension is further illustrated in this presentation by contemporary urban journalists' portrayals of rural life, California farmers' attitudes toward both Mexican and "Okie" workers, and discriminatory attitudes toward migrant workers in general.

The brutalization is underscored by Sinclair’s use of numerous analogies that compare the individuals to wild and hunted animals and of parallels between the fate of the innocent livestock and the fate of the common working person. Factory life is variously compared to an inferno, a bubbling cauldron, and a medieval torture chamber, where it is considered good sport to extract the last ounce of flesh from the hapless workers. The factory, however, is only a reflection of society’s disregard for democratic values and its indifference to truth and justice.

From the beginning, it is clear to the readers that Jurgis and his family are fighting against the odds. Each new detail makes it abundantly clear that the system tempts people with unrealistic dreams and then erects insurmountable barriers to prevent the attainment of those dreams.

As deregulation diminished governmental standards and inspection, managers have ratcheted up line speeds, increasing the splattering of fecal and stomach matter and spreading food-borne illnesses like E. coli. This deadly threat, described by journalist Eric Schlosser in his popular book Fast Food Nation, is microbial and invisible, but every bit as much a consequence of profit maximization as the unwholesome practices exposed by Sinclair a century ago. If there is a silver lining, it is that this time around the interests of labour and consumers cannot be easily divided. Speed-up and unsanitary working conditions — two critical issues for meat-packing workers — are directly linked to consumers' health concerns.

This deadly threat, described by journalist Eric Schlosser in his popular book Fast Food Nation, is microbial and invisible, but every bit as much a consequence of profit maximization as the unwholesome practices exposed by Sinclair a century ago. If there is a silver lining, it is that this time around the interests of labour and consumers cannot be easily divided. Speed-up and unsanitary working conditions — two critical issues for meat-packing workers — are directly linked to consumers' health concerns.

Americans spend more money on fast food than on books, movies, videos, records and magazines combined - more than $110 billion in 2000

Last July, he filed a class action lawsuit claiming that the fast food industry failed to inform consumers that its products are high in fat, salt, sugar and cholesterol and failed to warn consumers that these ingredients are dangerous to their health.

nother class action suit against the fast food industry was filed on behalf of teenaged plaintiffs. This suit claimed that the fast food industry unfairly targets children with toy promotions and child- friendly advertising so as to addict children to fast food at an early age.

Just months after publication of The Jungle, federal legislation was passed mandating improved inspection of meat, as well as requiring labels listing the ingredients of canned food products. The legislation had been proposed years earlier, but a combination of business interests resisted it, arguing that it was not the business of the federal government to regulate what people ate. The Jungle demonstratedPage 145  |  Top of Article clearly that people had no way of knowing what was in canned food, and therefore needed government regulation to keep foods safe.

Over the next 40 years, unions such as the United Packinghouse Workers of America (UPWA) were able to improve both the pay and working conditions of meat packing employees in the U.S. The UPWA was also known for its progressive ideals and its support of the civil rights movement during the 1960s.

Developments such as improved distribution channels allowed meat packing companies to move out of urban, union-dominated centers and relocate to rural areas closer to livestock feedlots.

By the late 1990s, the meat packing industry had consolidated such that the top four firms accounted for approximately 50 percent of all U.S. poultry and pork production and 80 percent of all beef production.

Ehrenreich earned just over $1,000 per month. After paying for basic needs, however, she was left with $22. In addition to being low-paying, the two jobs required workers to be on their feet all day, with breaks only for restroom use, no facilities for lunch, and no health or retirement benefits.

the perception of the American Dream was that an individual can achieve success in life regardless of family history or social status if they only work hard enough.

Gatsby epitomizes the idea of self-made success; he is successful financially and socially and he essentially created an entirely new persona for himself from his underprivileged past. All of the wealth and status which Gatsby acquired, that while on the surface made his life appear to be the precise definition of the American Dream were actually elements which led to it’s demise.

“The culture of consumption on exhibit in The Great Gatsby was made possible by the growth of a leisure class in early-twentieth-century America. As the novel demonstrates, this development subverted the foundations of the Protestant ethic, replacing the values of hard work and thrifty abstinence with a show of luxury and idleness.” (Donaldson, 8)