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This article talks about the harmful effects of tampering with science upon the victims as well as upon humankind as a whole. Also, scientists need to deal responsibly with experiments; Victor's monster isn't evil until he undergoes isolation, alienation, and utter abandonment by Frankenstein himself.

Mary Shelley's perceptions of science and the dangerous power it potentially holds are intuitive. Modern day science deals daily with the exact issues of which Shelley was apparently keenly aware. She introduces ethics to the study of science, even gives science a conscious. As the monster acts on Frankenstein's conscious, some would say that Mary Shelley writes literature to act as science's conscious. It was as if she acknowledged that the future of science, if uncontrolled, could be disastrous. science and the negative effects. shelley is trying to point out the danger of community too controlled by science

Discusses the dual identity of Frankenstein and his monster as doppelgangers, as well as the tragic flaws in Frankenstein himself. It discusses Frankenstein's transformation from innocently curious student to crazy, egotistical scientist

Mary Shelley used science as a metaphor for any kind of irresponsible action and what she really was concerned with was the politics of the era and the way the monarchy was operating in the interest of relatively few people.

This source relates Frankenstein to contemporary times, discussing the theme of social responsibility that scientists have, both to their experiments as well as to humanity. It discusses the manner in which Victor overstepped his boundaries, and resultingly was punished and suffered for it.

This Frankenstein site, published by the government, covers all of the major societal issues in Frankenstein. This particular article focuses on the Monster's desire to have a mate that can relate to his problems and spend time with him. Frankenstein scorns his creations wish for love, and the result is more destruction to his world.

"At the heart of Frankenstein is the tension between the power science confers on individuals and the just restraints of community. Frankenstein, both creator and creature, stands not for science in general but for the acquisition of scientific power foolishly pursued without the wisdom of the world"

This source takes a detailed look at the ethics of science, and how the novel was written as a commentary on these ethics. This also follows the pattern of Shelly's romantic side, as she created Frankenstein to have a lack of personal connections, and for it to be his downfall.

This source discusses the role of nature in Frankenstein, and how it relates to the main characters as well as to TIntern Abbey. Good source that discusses the qualities of romanticism within the novel

This source discusses the role of parenthood (both father and mother) in the novel. It mentions the fact that Frankenstein does not view his monster as a son, or even friend; instead regards him as an IT, a soulless, emotionless being, leading to feelings of isolation and alienation in the monster. This results in the rage and hatred, and possible insanity that the monster undergoes.

Sherwin suggests that because the creation of Frankenstein was a sin against nature, he can only be destined for one disaster after another. He recognizes that in a few chapters, Shelley promotes sympathy for the monster and his inability to overcome his inevitably unfortunate destiny.

Discusses similarities within Frankenstein and In cold Blood. One major theme in the two books is how isolation affects the human mind and the detrimental effects a neglected child can have once he or she enters society.

"that indicated that the model for Victor Frankenstein was Dr. James Lind (1736-1812), Shelley's scientific mentor at Eton in 1809-10. Lind had become fascinated with the ability of electrical impulses to provoke muscle movement in the legs of dead frogs"

This source provides commentary on Shelly's inspiration for her character Dr. Frankenstein. It brings up Shelly's authorial purpose of writing the story as a warning of what science could become.

This source discusses the authorial purpose and Shelley's romantic  warning regarding the misuse and abuse of nature. Basically, she proves that humans ought to respect and connect with nature, rather than abusing it and twisting it to fit their own agendas.

This article discusses how Victor Frankenstein transcends the bounds of nature and creates an artificial human being. This creation seemed within reach at the time, as new scientific discoveries were being made constantly, including human mastery of electricity.

"As textile factories and iron mills increased production with advanced machinery and technology, the working classes grew restive and increasingly alarmed by jobs that seemed insecure because a worker could be replaced by machines"

"Victor's inquisitive nature causes his emotional and physical peril because he cannot balance his intellectual and social interactions. For instance, when he leaves home to attend the University of Ingolstadt, he immerses himself in his experiment and forgets about the family who lovingly supported him throughout his childhood"

This article provides a detailed overview of the novel. It also provides an overview of the themes including alienation or isolation. This example could be used as support for the basic theme.

"Defense mechanisms include denial, repression, suppression, projection, displacement, reaction formation, regression, fixation, identification, introjection, rationalization, isolation, sublimation, compensation, and humor"

This article discusses the several ways a person can cope with traumatic or undesired feelings or events. Victor and the creature, throughout Frankenstein, use multiple defense mechanisms in order to cope with either the horridness of creation or isolation. Frankenstein several times attempts to forget about the monster by retreating into nature or ignoring the situation completely. The monster tries to attract Victor's through regressive negative stimuli. This article connects with how the monster tries to cope with isolation and Victor uses isolation as a defense mechanism.

This article suggests that Mary Shelley's novel is symbolic of the emotions that are intolerable and often rejected. The monster supposedly represents feelings that are constantly repressed and only manifest further when ignore.

Many critics at the time of Frankenstein's publication classified the work as a Gothic novel. However, by the time the 19th century came, many critics focused on the Prometheanism of Dr. Frankenstein. He lead to his own self-destruction.

Bill Phillip's article illustrates Mary Shelley's concern for the state of the natural world. Many of the the romantic elements of the novel reflect a respect for nature. The way she describes nature as a sanctuary for Victor and as a hell for the monster showcase her desire to preserve the natural order of the world.

This source references to the comparison between Victor and the monster. Thus the two are doppelgangers while they are also each others foils. They cannot survive without being near each other, and while they share many traits, one has the traits that the other lacks.

"These babies died from a completely different kind of deprivation: lack of touch" "The results are clear: the way an infant is touched, even in its first few hours of life, influences whether it survives, and how it copes in the world as an adult." The monster in Frankenstein suffers bad beginnings, as his first experience is being abandoned by Victor, which later affects his behavior and the way he hopes with his problems.

"Frankenstein is a novel that is deeply interested in a particular kind of social union, namely, the political community. Written in 1818 and in the moment between revolution and reform, Shelley's novel invokes contemporary discussions and theorizations of political community"

This source goes into the role the community plays in the novel. As the romantic value of human connection comes up, so does the community in a changing role. This is another one of Shelly's criticisms of her society.