Advanced Concepts Team

Photo credit: The glass has a number of interesting innovations. Ballentine's. A liquor company has created a " Space Glass" that they say can work in the microgravity environment of space. The Open Space Agency's James Parr was commissioned to create the product, and the results are actually quite interesting.

Makes sense specially after seeing very good japanese whiskey arriving at the ISS :-) http://phys.org/news/2015-08-japanese-whisky-international-space-station.html

Dirac cones, a band-structure of two cones touching each other, are the key to understand graphene exceptional properties. They also appear in the theory of photon waveguides and atoms in optical lattices. In here, the study of a Dirac cone deformation in an open system (a system that is perturbed by external agents) lead to the deformation of the Dirac cone, meaning a change in the fundamental properties of the system. This change is such that strange phenomena such as unidirectional transmission or reflection or lasers with single mode (really single) operation can be achieved. Proved experimentally in photonic crystals. New way for extremely pure lasers?

Interesting read!

it got some interesting viewpoitns from a game/marketing point of view but to say that Kinect2 was only a marginal improvement over the first one is only true if you think about games. For robots it is a huge step forward!

Horizon2020 project on post quantum cryptography just released their first draft of recommendations for quantum computer safe encryption algorithms. No big surprise with the symmetric algorithms (what's used today is fundamentally sound), but the asymmetric public-key methods will be interesting.

AI week on BBC - interesting opportunity to get a glimpse into how the field is viewed by laymen...

An international team of researchers, including the MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology at the University of Twente in The Netherlands and the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory, announced today in Science the observation of a dynamic Mott transition in a superconductor.

Related to our discussion on crowdfunding from Friday's science coffee. (Another sad example of how Tony Abbott's policy negatively affects the Australian science community... ) A team of astronomers have resorted to raising funds through crowdsourcing to try and save an Australian telescope involved in mapping the Milky Way. The 22-metre diameter Mopra Radio Telescope, based near Coonabarabran in western New South Wales, is slated to be shut down by the end of the year after $110-million was slashed from CSIRO in last year's federal budget.

ocean fertilization might induce increased marine aerosol (DMS) emissions leading to further cooling effect but also changes in precipitation

In a world first, an artificial intelligence machine plays chess by evaluating the board rather than using brute force to work out every possible move. It's been almost 20 years since IBM's Deep Blue supercomputer beat the reigning world chess champion, Gary Kasparov, for the first time under standard tournament rules.

The disadvantage in this kind of engine lies exactly in its inability to extrapolate. You might actually be able to beat it if you play like an idiot.

"In a recent paper published in Physical Review Letters (PRL) Jérôme Duplat and Emmanuel Villermaux developed a method to generate centimeter-sized vacuum bubbles in water with miniature laser-driven explosions, and observed the flash of light produced as the bubble collapsed a not-fully-understood phenomenon known as sonoluminescence." Amazingly they concluded that the temperatrue inside the bubble as it collapses is about 26000 K. At this temperatures some (not me) argue for nuclear fusion... Intriguing stuff!!! Check the videos! Yet another test for the 'Experimental Physics Stagiare' :-)?

For sure no fusion, that starts appr. from about 20keV, not 20kK. Between both there is still a factor of 11500. What I would rather expect is that the conditions are not appropriate to work with Maxwellian distribution functions. If certain fusion products should be measurable, than this would rather confirm (but not proof) the hypothesis that they do not have Maxwellians but something close to monoenergetic. But most probably they will not measure fusion products, hence no fusion, hence no confusion.

Waves of electrons have been bent backward in a sheet of graphene, allowing physicists to focus electrons the way a lens focuses light. Electrons coursing through a sheet of carbon atoms exhibited negative refraction, bending at angles not seen in nature. By exploiting this unusual bending, the researchers created a lenslike device to focus the electrons to a tiny point. The new technique could help physicists learn how to manipulate electrons in the tight confines of miniaturized electronic devices, where the particles often behave like waves.

The Sentinel-2A satellite has been in orbit for only a matter of weeks, but new images of an algal bloom in the Baltic Sea show that it is already exceeding expectations. Built essentially as a land monitoring mission, Sentinel-2 will also certainly find its way into marine applications.

Finally the thing will have a little more artificial intelligence than just "bump into wall, turn a bit, repeat". We've known for a while now that iRobot has been developing robots with wireless integration along with intelligent navigation capability based on VSLAM (Vision Simultaneous Localization and Mapping). We've know this for enough of a while that it's been a little bit frustrating to see iRobot's most recent Roomba upgrades come out without those neat features.

Imaging of gas giant orbiting its central star (related to Jai's YGT proposal): With GPI, astronomers image the actual planet--a remarkable feat given that an orbiting world typically appears a million times fainter than its parent star. This is possible because GPI's adaptive optics sharpen the image of the target star by cancelling out the distortion caused by the Earth's atmosphere; it then blocks the bright image of the star with a device called a coronagraph, revealing the exoplanet.

such a simple image, such an awesome feat of science and engineering!

More developments in the laser filamentation community. Makes me wonder again about Christophe's ideas for a space-formed filament as new and efficient microwave waveguide.

"A new lightweight, energy-efficient tool for analyzing a material's chemical makeup could improve the detection abilities of various technologies, ranging from bomb-detecting drones to space rovers searching for signs of life". Raman Spectroscopy is about measuring vibrational modes in molecules. This vibrational modes are in the meV typically, turning Raman Spectroscopy into a high precision technique. This impressive work shows a new technique based on the use of optical fibers coupled to photomultipliers allowing its use, author's word, in extreme conditions such as unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAVs) and Mars/Moon rovers.

Network scientists have discovered how social networks can create the illusion that something is common when it is actually rare. One of the curious things about social networks is the way that some messages, pictures, or ideas can spread like wildfire while others that seem just as catchy or interesting barely register at all.

"The effect is largest in the political blogs network, where as many as 60%-70% of nodes will have a majority active neighbours, even when only 20% of the nodes are active." How convenient :-)

Super cool html5 site (crowdfunded) to describe a space mission.

is this the breaktrough that we were waiting for?

That depends on what application you are thinking of. For circuit board electronics this will allow integration of micro sized supercapacitors to provide operational power. They will have to be fed by external batteries still, but the close proximity allows for better tailored power demands. They also propose tapping into thermal/mechanical energy to charge the supercaps. In the end, they can provide significant specific power (W/kg) but you still need to upscale the production to cover large areas to also gain high specific energy (Wh/kg). This breakthough is for micro sized applications, not for replacement of large scale energy storage (electric vehicles, satellites) going up to kWh. That said, I know of several studies in supercaps at ESA, but they are still qualifying current relatively old commercial solutions.