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Mihikaa Naik

Music and Memory and Intellegence - 0 views

  • these researchers believed that memory was improved because music and spatial abilities shared the same pathways in the brain.
  • laboratories have tried to use the music of Mozart to improve memory, but have failed.
  • original work on the Mozart Effect was flawed because: only a few students were tested it was possible that listening to Mozart really did not improve memory. Rather, it was possible that the relaxation test and silence IMPAIRED memory
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  • another attempt to demonstrate the Mozart Effect
  • unable to show that listening to the music of Mozart had any effect on spatial-reasoning performance. They conclude by stating: "...there is little evidence to support basing intellectual intervention on the existence of the Mozart effect."
  • monkeys listened to Mozart piano music for 15 minutes before they had to do a memory test. The researchers found that listening to Mozart music did NOT improve the monkeys' performance compared to when the monkeys listened to rhythms or white noise. They also found that listening to Mozart during the test impaired memory and while white noise during the test improved memory slightly.
  • governor of the state of Georgia (Zell Miller)
  • There have been no studies that have looked at the effects of music on the intelligence of babies.
  • , there is no evidence that music enhances memory permanently.
Ingrid Sande

CDC - Fact Sheets-Underage Drinking - Alcohol - 0 views

  • Alcohol use by persons under age 21 years is a major public health problem.1 Alcohol is the most commonly used and abused drug among youth in the United States, more than tobacco and illicit drugs.
  • Although drinking by persons under the age of 21 is illegal, people aged 12 to 20 years drink 11% of all alcohol consumed in the United States.2 More than 90% of this alcohol is consumed in the form of binge drinks.2 On average, underage drinkers consume more drinks per drinking occasion than adult drinkers.3 In 2008, there were approximately 190,000 emergency rooms visits by persons under age 21 for injuries and other conditions linked to alcohol.4
  • The 2009 Youth Risk Behavior Survey5 found that among high school students, during the past 30 days 42% drank some amount of alcohol. 24% binge drank. 10% drove after drinking alcohol. 28% rode with a driver who had been drinking alcohol.
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  • Consequences of Underage Drinking Youth who drink alcohol1, 3, 8 are more likely to experience School problems, such as higher absence and poor or failing grades. Social problems, such as fighting and lack of participation in youth activities. Legal problems, such as arrest for driving or physically hurting someone while drunk. Physical problems, such as hangovers or illnesses. Unwanted, unplanned, and unprotected sexual activity. Disruption of normal growth and sexual development. Physical and sexual assault. Higher risk for suicide and homicide. Alcohol-related car crashes and other unintentional injuries, such as burns, falls, and drowning. Memory problems. Abuse of other drugs. Changes in brain development that may have life-long effects. Death from alcohol poisoning. In general, the risk of youth experiencing these problems is greater for those who binge drink than for those who do not binge drink.8 Youth who start drinking before age 15 years are five times more likely to develop alcohol dependence or abuse later in life than those who begin drinking at or after age 21 years.9, 10
  • Prevention of Underage Drinking Reducing underage drinking will require community-based efforts to monitor the activities of youth and decrease youth access to alcohol.
  • reducing youth exposure to alcohol advertising, and development of comprehensive community-based programs. These efforts will require continued research and evaluation to determine their success and to improve their effectiveness.
Anushka Gandhi

NATO Aims to Recruit From Afghan South - NYTimes.com - 0 views

  • ARGHANDAB, Afghanistan — Gen. David H. Petraeus, the overall commander of coalition forces in Afghanistan, is moving to sharply increase Afghan police forces drawn from villages in southern provinces, and is employing the help of former mujahedeen commanders to recruit them
    • Anushka Gandhi
       
      General David H. Petraeus became the commander of American Forces in Afghanistan in June 2010 after President Obama fired General Stanley
  • NATO officials
    • Anushka Gandhi
       
      NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
  • The mujahedeen
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  • Afghan guerrilla fighters trained and backed by the United States to fight the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan in the 1980s.
  • mujahedeen
  • 30,000 local police officers within six months, providing a critical element to help the government and coalition forces hold on to areas newly cleared of Taliban insurgents
  • The police, meanwhile, have a reputation for poor discipline, drug abuse and corruption, and have proved easy prey for the Taliban.
  • “Then you partner it up effectively with I.S.A.F. and with the Afghan National Police, then you have got a very real possibility of keeping the Taliban out,” said Maj. Gen. Nick Carter, the departing British commander of coalition forces in the southern region,
    • Anushka Gandhi
       
      I.S.A.F -International Security Assistance Force
  • General Petraeus had agreed with President Karzai to a pilot program of 10,000 such local Afghan policemen
  • Recruitment has already begun in some places to expand that plan
  • The plan has clear echoes of the Sons of Iraq, the neighborhood militias that helped turn around violence there.
  • American Marines holding Marja have been plagued by the reinfiltration of insurgents since the operation
  • Local police officers, trained and supervised by American Special Forces, are already operating in a number of places, including part of Marja and an area in Arghandab, and Special Forces units are already looking to recruit men in the newly cleared horn of Panjwai in Kandahar Province
Ben Walters

Does game violence make teens aggressive? - Technology & science - Games - On the Level... - 0 views

  • Can video games make kids more violent? A new study employing state-of-the-art brain-scanning technology says that the answer may be yes.
  • brain scans of kids who played a violent video game showed an increase in emotional arousal – and a corresponding decrease of activity in brain areas involved in self-control, inhibition and attention.
  • he does think that the study should encourage parents to look more closely at the types of games their kids are playing.
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  • “Based on our results, I think parents should be aware of the relationship between violent video-game playing and brain function.”
  • he scans showed a negative effect on the brains of the teens who played “Medal of Honor” for 30 minutes. That same effect was not present in the kids who played “Need for Speed.”
  • And it’s also not known what effect longer play times might have. The scope of this study was 30 minutes of play, and one brain scan per kid
  • But what about violent TV shows? Or violent films? Has anyone ever done a brain scan of kids that have just watched a violent movie?
  • Kids in his study experienced increased emotional arousal when watching short clips from the boxing movie “Rocky IV.”
  • Larry Ley, the director and coordinator of research for the Center for Successful Parenting, which funded Mathews’ study, says the purpose of the research was to help parents make informed decisions. “There’s enough data that clearly indicates that [game violence] is a problem,” he says. “And it’s not just a problem for kids with behavior disorders.”
  • But not everyone is convinced that this latest research adds much to the debate – particularly the game development community. One such naysayer is Doug Lowenstein, president of the Entertainment Software Association.
  • “We've seen other studies in this field that have made dramatic claims but turn out to be less persuasive when objectively analyzed.”
  • And they’ve got plenty of answers at the ready for the critics who want to lay school shootings or teen aggression at the feet of the game industry. Several studies cited by the ESA point to games’ potential benefits for developing decision-making skills or bettering reaction times. Ley, however, argues such studies aren’t credible because they were produced by “hired guns” funded by the multi-billion-dollar game industry.
  • Increasingly parents are more accepting of video game violence, chalking it up to being a part of growing up. “I was dead-set against violent video games,” says Kelley Windfield, a Sammamish, Wa.-based mother of two. “But my husband told me I had to start loosening up.” Laura Best, a mother of three from Clovis, Calif., says she looks for age-appropriate games for her 14 year-old son, Kyle. And although he doesn’t play a lot of games, he does tend to gravitate towards shooters like “Medal of Honor.”  But she isn’t concerned that Kyle will become aggressive as a result. “That’s like saying a soccer game or a football game will make a kid more aggressive,” she says. “It’s about self-control, and you’ve got to learn it.”
  • “Let’s quit using various Xboxes as babysitters instead of doing healthful activities,” says Ley, citing the growing epidemic of childhood obesity in the United States. And who, really, can argue with that?
Dillon Patel

Scientists agree: Humans causing global warming - 0 views

  • Reader Services: My account | Mobile | RSS feeds | Follow us on Twitter | Facebook | E-mail newsletters | Corrections
  • Scientists agree: Humans causing global warmin
  • Report today makes strongest assertion to date
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  • the world's leading climate scientists are reporting today that they are basically certain
  • the effects are likely to last for centuries.
  • Evidence of climate warming is unequivocal.
  • "We did it."
  • "Scientists are pretty well done arguing about whether the warming in the last 50 years is related to burning fossil fuels," Mote said.
  • Researchers said they are more than 90 percent certain that global warming is caused by humans
  • their most powerful assertion to date.
  • the report says, the warming is likely to mean intensified droughts and heat waves, along with unusually strong storms
  •  
    This source, which is pretty reliable states that scientists are making a STAND that humans are a huge, and most of the contribution for global warming, and are responsible.
Dominick Wong

1950s - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

shared by Dominick Wong on 20 Nov 10 - Cached
  • ot competition between the United States and the Soviet Union by the beginning of the 1960s.
  • By its end, the world had largely recovered from World War II and the Cold War developed from its modest beginning in the late 1940
Anjan Narain

A national survey of physician-assisted suicide an... [N Engl J Med. 1998] - PubMed result - 0 views

  • Although there have been many studies of physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia in the United States, national data are lacking.
  • we mailed questionnaires to a stratified probability sample of 3102 physicians in the 10 specialties in which doctors are most likely to receive requests from patients for assistance with suicide or euthanasia
  • 1902 completed questionnaires (response rate, 61 percent). Eleven percent of the physicians said that under current legal constraints, there were circumstances in which they would be willing to hasten a patient's death by prescribing medication, and 7 percent said that they would provide a lethal injection; 36 percent and 24 percent, respectively, said that they would do so if it were lega
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  • A substantial proportion of physicians in the United States report that they receive requests for physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia, and about 7 percent of those who responded to our survey have complied with such requests at least once.
Anjan Narain

Essay on Euthanasia in America - 0 views

  • Euthanasia is a choice everyone should have, but like all rights, it should not be taken advantage of. By legalizing euthanasia the practice of assisted suicide would be an available choice as well as regulated to see that it does not get abused and used for the wrong reasons.
  • My four primary arguments for legalizing euthanasia are as follows: The mercy argument, which states that the immense pain and indignity of prolonged suffering, cannot be ignored. We are being inhumane to force people to continue suffering this way. The patients right to self-determination.
  • The reality argument. "Let's face it people are already doing it".
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  • Some terminally ill patients who have been denied assistance in dying, have attempted to terminate they're suffering by ending their lives themselves or with the help of loved ones, who are not trained in medicine. Some patients have botched their suicides and brought further suffering to themselves and those around them. Patients should not have to resort to suicide to end their suffering. It is their life, their pain. They should be able to get the treatment they want.
  • " if we so choose, the end of life need not be preceded by intolerable pain, or by senility and loss of bodily functions.” Death with dignity is the right of every person who faces an incurable, painful or degrading future.
  • Caring for terminally ill patients requires a vast amount of money. In 1997, shortly after the senate voted to overturn the Northern Territory's euthanasia law, doctors from both sides of the euthanasia lobby united in calling for more funds for palliative care. There is a requirement for several hundred million dollars extra to really adequately provide for the needs of the dying, particularly in country areas.
  • Why does the government choose to outlaw euthanasia when it is done anyway? Legalizing it would mean that patients would be able to consult doctors, and not resort to taking it into their own hands, making it safer and better. There would be no need for suicide attempts; consequently there would be less tragedies
  • Passive euthanasia is defined as allowing a patient to die by withholding treatment, while active euthanasia is defined as taking measures that directly cause a patient's death
  • Those who argue against active euthanasia understand that there is a demand for active euthanasia as a response "to the fear of entrapment in a technologically sophisticated, seemingly uncaring world of medicine
  • offers several arguments in favor of the moral permissibility of active euthanasia, one of which is an argument from mercy. He begins by describing a classic case where a person named Jack is terminally ill and in unbearable pain and states that Jack's condition alone is a compelling reason for the permissibility of active mercy killing.
  • active euthanasia is morally permissible since it produces the greatest happiness
  • . The categorical imperative supports active euthanasia since no one would willfully universalize a rule, which condemns people to unbearable pain before death. It is also reasoned that it is considered bad to be the cause of someone's death and that death is regarded as a great evil. However, if it has been decided that active or passive euthanasia is desirable in a given case, it has also been decided that in this instance death is no greater an evil than the patient's continued existence
  • A good point is raised here, because death is supposedly inevitable in either case, so according to Rachel, if a doctor allows a patient to die or gives him a lethal injection, then the motives and ends are essentially the same.
  • In conclusion, denying patients the right to die with dignity and lucidity is unfair and cruel. If physician assisted suicide means giving a patient the right to choose between a life without dignity and hope, or ending their pain and suffering with an honorable closure on life, than it should be permitted.
  • When a patient has no desire to go on living and wants to die before their condition gets worse, they should be allowed to decide how their life ends and why. Assisted suicide is known to have been going on without fanfare and without legal support for many years. It is time to give physician-assisted suicide the legal justification that it deserves.
Anjan Narain

Euthanasia and the Law in the United States of America - 0 views

  • The US has a spotted history of law reform on voluntary euthanasia and physician-assisted dying
  • Oregon was the first state to pass a Death With Dignity (DWD) Act which it did in 1994 after a Citizen Initiated Referendum.  However, this law was not finally implemented until 27 October 1997
  • allow people who are terminally and/or hopelessly ill to ask their doctors for lethal medication. Patients must make two verbal requests and one written request that is fully witnessed. Two doctors must agree on the patient’s ‘diagnosis, prognosis and the patient's capability’.
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  • The Oregon and Washington laws explicitly prohibit euthanasia, which is defined as involving someone other than the patient administering the medication
Ingrid Sande

http://alcoholism.about.com/od/sa/a/drug_use.htm - 1 views

  • The United States also has the highest rate of lifetime tobacco use but comes in third in alcohol use, behind the Ukraine and Germany.
  • Those who were never married or previously married had higher rates of tobacco, cocaine and marijuana use, but not alcohol use.
  • Alcohol use by age 15 was much more common among Europeans than in the Middle East or Africa.
Shumona Raha

Euthanasia: Should it be made legal? Why? - 0 views

  • The difference is, in euthanasia, the person who is dying performs the last act while in assisted death another person performs the act. For example a physician can help in the process by giving lethal medications through the oral or intravenous routes. If the physician himself administers it then it is physician-assisted suicide, but, if he sets up the injection apparatus and the person who wants to die presses the button then it translates into euthanasia.
  • On one side it has been argued that for people on life support systems and people with long standing diseases causing much pain and distress, euthanasia is a better choice
  • it is much more practical and humane to grant the person his/her wish to end his/her own life in a relatively painless and merciful way
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  • In 1997, Oregon was the first to enact the physician-assisted suicide law in the United States.
  • It will lead to a person having an option to consult his/her medical practitioner and choosing the right time and right way to end his/her life.
  • But at the same time laws should be in place to make sure that there are proper standards in place to avoid unnecessary deaths in our present day stress filled lives.
Yasmin Tandon

Foreign Aid for Development Assistance - Global Issues - 0 views

  • both the quantity and quality of aid have been poor and donor nations have not been held to account.
  • 1970,
  • world’s rich countries agreed to give 0.7% of their gross national income as official international development aid, annually
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  • Furthermore, aid has often come with a price of its own for the developing nations:Aid is often wasted on conditions that the recipient must use overpriced goods and services from donor countriesMost aid does not actually go to the poorest who would need it the mostAid amounts are dwarfed by rich country protectionism that denies market access for poor country products, while rich nations use aid as a lever to open poor country markets to their productsLarge projects or massive grand strategies often fail to help the vulnerable; money can often be embezzled away.
  • This web page has the following sub-sections:
  • “Trade, not aid”
  • excuse for rich countries to cut back aid that has been agreed and promised at the United Nations.
  • This target was codified in a United Nations General Assembly Resolution, and a key paragraph says:
  • The donor governments promised to spend 0.7% of GNP on ODA (Official Development Assistance) at the UN General Assembly in 1970—some 40 years ago
  • developed countries will rapidly and progressively take what measures they can … to reduce the extent of tying of assistance and to mitigate any harmful effects
  • make loans tied
  • Developed countries will provide, to the greatest extent possible, an increased flow of aid on a long-term and continuing basis.
  • almost all rich nations have constantly failed to reach their agreed obligations of the 0.7% target. Instead of 0.7%, the amount of aid has been around 0.2 to 0.4%, some $100 billion short.
  • the quality of the aid has been poor.
  • USA’s aid, in terms of percentage of their GNP has almost always been lower than any other industrialized nation in the world, though paradoxically since 2000, their dollar amount has been the highest.Between 1992 and 2000, Japan had been the largest donor of aid, in terms of raw dollars. From 2001 the United States claimed that position, a year that also saw Japan’s amount of aid drop by nearly 4 billion dollars.
  • Aid beginning to increase but still way below obligations
  • In 2009, the OCED and many others feared official aid would decline due to the global financial crisis. They urged donor nations to make aid “countercyclical”; not to reduce it when it is needed most, but those who didn’t cause the crisis.
  • And indeed, for 2009, aid did increase as official stats from the OECD shows. It rose 0.7% from just under $123 bn in 2008 to just over $123 bn in 2009 (at constant 2008 prices).
Ben Walters

Manhunt blamed for UK murder - News at GameSpot - 0 views

  • n the UK, the parents of a teenage murder victim have blamed the crime on the Rockstar game Manhunt.
  • The parents of Stefan Pakeerah, 14, said their son was lured to a park by a 17-year-old player of the game, who stabbed and beat their son to death with a knife and claw hammer.
  • "When one looks at what Warren did to Stephan and looks at the brutality and viciousness of the game, one can see links,"
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  • "Stefan's murder compares to how the game is set out, using weapons like hammers and knives. If games like this influence kids, they should be taken off the shelves."
  • The uproar has prompted the UK's biggest retailer to do exactly that.
  • Rockstar also defended itself by stating, "We reject any suggestion or association between the tragic events and the sale of Manhunt." However, the publisher/developer did offer its condolences to the victim's family.
  • As was to be expected, erroneous news reports in the wake of the murder have reignited the controversy that surrounded Manhunt when it was first released.
  • However, the madman/snuff-filmmaker who has kidnapped the convict does offer him rewards based on the grisliness of his killings, albeit in a very unglamorous fashion.
  • the BBC also talked to a child psychologist about whether or not there is a link between violent games and violent behavior in children. "There's been no longitudinal research, following adolescents over a long period, looking at how gaming violence might affect their behavior," said Professor Mark Griffiths of Nottingham Trent University, who called for more research.
  • The BBC also pointed out that Manhunt has an 18 certificate--the equivalent of an "M" rating--and shouldn't be played by minors at all.
Ari Kewalramani

EBSCOhost: India Confronts Gender-Selective Abortion - 0 views

  • he Lancets stated that over the last 20 years there have been 10 million missing female births in India.
krpa savlani

AMW | Feature | Zodiac Killer Meet The Prime Suspects - 0 views

  • US Navy;
  • He can be placed near the scene
  • Jack Tarrance is not a name is often associated with the Zodiac murders
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  • Dennis became convinced that Jack Tarrance is the Zodiac.
  • his stepson,
  • publicly stated that he has proof that Larry Kane is the Zodiac killer and has spent years building a case against Kane.
  • e was reportedly diagnosed with a mental disorder in which he was "losing control of his self-gratification."
  • Navy;
  • Navy;
  • not a lot of evidence that supports the theories
  • Former Manson Family Member
  • convicted killer
  • Allen spent a lot of time alone, driving in nearby rural areas -- such as Lake Herman Road
  • Throughout the past four decades, police have investigated the murder cases and the extensive collection of communications from the self-named Zodiac. But 2,500 suspects later, the Zodiac's identity remains an intriguing mystery.
  • About a month after the murder, typewritten confession letters were mailed to a local paper and to police.
  • Royal typewriter with Elite type from the home of Arthur Leigh Allen.
  • US Air Force; Navy;
  • Navy;
  • Navy;
  • Navy;
  • Navy;
  • Navy;
  • Kane can only be linked to one of Zodiac's confirmed victims -- Darlene Ferrin.
Yasmin Tandon

United States of America: Foreign Aid - 0 views

  • When the going gets tough, Americans keep giving
  • early $241 billi
  • 2002 set a new high
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  • over 2001's total in current dollars
  • $240.92 billion in gifts equaled 2.3 percent of US gross domestic product.
  • amount represents a 0.5 percent decline since 2001
  • "the resilience and pervasiveness of giving in our culture,
  • Most donations come from individuals (76 percent of the total), and some nonprofit sectors were hit harder last year than others
  • The USA is only the world's biggest giver because it is rich.
  • most stingy and self-interested giver in the developed world:
  • USA is the
  • America is the world's most generous nation.
  • one of the most conventional pieces of 'knowledgeable ignorance
  • between
  • $6 and $15 billion in foreign aid in the period between 1995 and 1999
  • Japan gives more than the US,
  • between $9 and $15 billion in the same period
  • absolute figures are less significant than the proportion of gross domestic product (GDP, or national wealth) that a country devotes to foreign aid
  • US ranks twenty-second of the 22 most developed nations.
  • President Jimmy Carter
  • We are the stingiest nation of all'
  • Denmark is top of the table, giving 1.01% of GDP, while the US manages just 0.1%
  • long established the target of 0.7% GDP for development assistance
  • Denmark, 1.01%; Norway, 0.91%; the Netherlands, 0.79%; Sweden, 0.7%
  • US is highly selective in who receives its aid
  • 50% of its aid budget is spent on middle-income countries in the Middle East, with Israel being the recipient of the largest single share.
  • 80% of that aid itself actually goes to American companies in those foreign countries.
  • 3. Conclusion
  • The rest of the world
Anushka Gandhi

U.S. Plan Envisions Path to Ending Afghan Combat - NYTimes.com - 0 views

  • NATO summit meeting
    • Anushka Gandhi
       
      NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
  • Mr. Obama was able to pull out two-thirds of United States forces from Iraq and declare America’s combat mission there over
    • Anushka Gandhi
       
      If Obama continues ro work efficiently like he did in this case the process of withdrawal of American troops can become quicker
Mihikaa Naik

The "Mozart Effect"- Real or just a hoax? - 0 views

  • 1998, Zell Miller, the governor of the state of Georgia, started a new program that distributed free CDs with classical music to the parents of every newborn baby in Georgia.
  • idea came from a new line of research showing a link between listening to classical music and enhanced brain development in infants.
  • mother was convinced that musical ability will not only help us to be more well rounded people, but also that it will help us to be smarter individuals.
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  • music
  • College students were required to listen to ten minutes of Mozart's sonata for two pianos in D major, a relaxation tape, or silence.
  • original experiment was published in 1993
  • Mozart to test for improvements in memory and this idea thus became known as the "Mozart Effect".
  • scientists at the University of California at Irvine.
  • read and write music, keep tempo, memorize pieces
  • results lasted only 10-15 minutes
  • should be a measurable correlation between musically trained minds and their intelligence
  • brain = behavior,
  • brain areas such as the primary motor cortex and the cerebellum,
  • involved in movement and coordination
  • larger in adult musicians than in non-musicians
  • auditory cortex
  • responsible for bringing music and speech into conscious experience, was also larger
  • Few other studies suggest that "music alone does have a modest brain effect
  • rats were able to complete a maze more rapidly
  • The results showed that the students' scores improved after listening to the Mozart selection.
  • brain changes associated with musicians enhance mental functions
  • music lesson
  • after 8 months
  • recognize shapes (
  • improvements in the spatial-temporal test
  • ability to put puzzles together
  • one day after
  • still showed this improvement
  • able to score higher
  • better understand concepts
  • listening to Mozart before this test had no effect on the students
  • chance of musical training becoming a possible treatment of brain damage.
  • depression, autism, and aphasia
  • Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT
  • recovered speech capabilities, which were thought to be lost.
  • Auditory Integration Training, is showing great potential for benefiting the growth and development of various special children.
  • do not believe that there is conclusive evidence to believe in the Mozart effect.
  • there is some evidence that the brain is affected indeed somehow by music and that music lessons can not hurt the growing stages of a child.
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