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Alyssa Lau

Mindfulness: Top-down or bottom-up emotion regulation strategy? - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com.esf.idm.oclc.org/...S0272735812001584

shared by Alyssa Lau on 06 Oct 13 - No Cached
    • Alyssa Lau
      Alyssa Lau on 06 Oct 13
       
      Mindfulness gives off siginificant positive changes.  mechanics: emotion regulation strategies - the ability to regulation one emtion and emotional repsonses.  2 ways of emotional strategies:  1) top-down model: everything is affected from the upper level - Cognitive reappriasal - change the effort of the emotional reponse, In other words, a different meaning/ output that changes the input of emotions. 
  • direct modulation of emotion-generative brain regions without cognitively reappraise emotionally salient stimuli
  • bottom–up
  • ...19 more annotations...
  • haracterized by a direct reduced reactivity of “lower” emotion-generative brain regions without an active recruitment of “higher” brain regions,
    • Alyssa Lau
      Alyssa Lau on 06 Oct 13
       
      Bottom- up model: Direct modulation of the regions of the brain that does not change the meaning of the emotional impact.  the lower level affects the upper levels of the model. - Characterization 
  • op–down em
  • otion regulation strategy facilitating positive cognitive reappraisal
  • if mindfulness training is primarily a bottom–up process, MBIs might be effective for patients not responding to traditional psychotherapies.
  • op–down mechanisms
  • cognitive reappraisal, to regulate unpleasant emotions
  • o assess whether mindfulness practice can be best described as a top–down emotion regulation strategy, as a bottom–up emotion regulation strategy, or as a combination of both strategies, on the basis of functional neuro-imaging studies employing emotion regulation paradigms.
  • mindfulness
  • raditionally been defined as an understanding of what is occurring before or beyond conceptual and emotional classifications about what is taking or has taken place
    • Alyssa Lau
      Alyssa Lau on 06 Oct 13
       
      Binary of this paper: The Western definition of mindfulness vs. the traditional definition of mindfulness
  • classical descriptions of mindfulness
  • raditional contexts
  • raditional descriptions of mindfulness
  • asily translated within current Western theoretical frameworks
  • mindfulness
  • (1) a specific state that arises only when the individual is purposely attending to present moment experience, (2) a mental trait that differs both among and within different individuals at different time points, and (3) specific practices designed to cultivate and maintain the state of mindfulness
  • (1) modern clinical MBIs, such as MBSR and MBCT, that have been specifically developed to integrate the essence of ancient Buddhist practices with the modern clinical practice as a means to reduce a variety of physical and psychological symptoms
  • Alternatively, both processes could be more or less associated with mindfulness training depending on the emphasis given by specific instructors and traditions.
Richard Ofosuhene

Mindfulness: A Proposed Operational Definition - Bishop - 2006 - Clinical Psychology: S... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...full

richard

shared by Richard Ofosuhene on 04 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • approaches involve a rigorous program of training in meditation to cultivate the capacity to evoke and apply mindfulness to enhance emotional well-being and mental health. Mindfulness approaches are not considered relaxation or mood management techniques, however, but rather a form of mental training to reduce cognitive vulnerability to reactive modes of mind that might otherwise heighten stress and emotional distress or that may otherwise perpetuate psychopathology.1 The cultivation and practice of mindfulness through this program of mental training is thus thought to mediate observed effects on mood and behavior (Kabat-Zinn, 1990), but these speculations remain untested and thus unsubstantiated.
  • Richard Ofosuhene on 04 Oct 13
     
    It's a good stuff.
  • Richard Ofosuhene on 04 Oct 13
     
    It's a good stuff here.
Emily Vargas

Applying Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy to Treatment of Depression - 1 views

staroversky.com/...apy-to-treatment-of-depression

therapy depression

shared by Emily Vargas on 03 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • (MBCT) is quickly gaining more popularity in treatment of various disorders including depression
  • improve one’s well-being, mindfulness, emotional regulation, positive mood, and spiritual experience while reducing stress, anxiety, and other problem
  • According to Jon Kabat-Zinn2,
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • Applications of mindfulness include emotional problems such as stress and anxiety; behavioral problems such as eating, parenting, and addiction; disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, and borderline personality disorders; somatic problems including psoriasis, fibromyalgia, and chronic pain.
  • Mindfulness is not a state of doing but a state of being in which you are fully aware of the present moment and do not evaluate your inner or outer environment.
  • Mindfulness is a state of self-regulation of your attention and the ability to direct it towards breathing, eating, or something else. Curiosity, openness, and acceptance are all part of being mindful.
  • mindfulness can be defined as paying attention in a particular way on purpose in a present moment and non-judgmentally.
  • People who are depressed, often have lots of negative popping thoughts about their past
  • A combination of mindfulness based stress reduction and cognitive therapy has been shown to be very effective for treatment of depression.
  • MBCT was originally developed as a relapse prevention program to help people stay free of depression once they have fully recovered fr
  • om an episode.
  • Other studies have showed that the results achieved by MBCT were equivalent to the results achieved by antidepressants. Moreover, people who have bee trained in MBCT experienced less depression and significantly improved their quality of life.3
Emily Vargas

Curing Depression with Mindfulness Meditation | Psychology Today - 0 views

www.psychologytoday.com/...ression-mindfulness-meditation

depression mindfulness psychology

shared by Emily Vargas on 03 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Psychologists from the University of Exeter recently published a study into "mindfulness-based cognitive therapy" (MBCT)
  • three quarters of the patients felt well enough to stop taking antidepressants
  • Professor Willem Kuyken, whose team at the Mood Disorders Centre of the University of Exeter in the UK carried out the research, says: "Anti-depressants are widely used by people who suffer from depression and that's because they tend to work. While they're very effective in helping reduce the symptoms of depression, when people come off them they are particularly vulnerable to relapse. For many people, MBCT seems to prevent that relapse. It could be an alternative to long-term antidepressant medication."
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  • MBCT was developed in the mid-Nineties by psychologists at the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Toronto to help stabilize patients' moods during and after use of antidepressants.
  • Professor Williams is also the author of Mindfulness: An Eight Week Plan for Finding Peace in a Frantic World.
  • Concentrating on the rhythm of the breath helps produce a feeling of detachmen
  • , 47 per cent of patients with long-term depression suffered a relapse; the figure was 60 per cent among those taking medication alone. Other studies, including two published in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, had comparable outcomes. As a result, the UK's National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence has recommended MBCT since 2004
Emily Vargas

Mindfulness - 0 views

www.mentalhealth.org.uk/...mindfulness

mindfulness

shared by Emily Vargas on 04 Oct 13 - No Cached
    • Emily Vargas
      Emily Vargas on 04 Oct 13
       
      G. The way mindfulness directly relates to mental illness. R. Mindfulness, Meditation, Yoga, Mental Illness, Anxiety, Depression A. To watch videos about mindfulness. This is spoused to relate directly to therapist and how mindfulness helps in treating mental issues. B. To definitely use mindfulness as a technique in helping with mental illness
  • MBCT is recommended by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) for the prevention of relapse in recurrent depression
  • Mindfulness training helps us become more aware of our thoughts and feelings so that instead of being overwhelmed by them, we're better able to manage them.
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  • the way we think and the way we handle how we feel plays a big part in mental health
  • People undertaking mindfulness training have shown
  • Mindfulness is a potentially life-changing way to alter our feelings in positive ways, and an ever-expanding body of evidence shows that it really works.
  • are ways of paying attention to the present moment, using techniques like meditation, breathing and yoga.
  • Mindfulness meditation has been shown to affect how the brain works and even its structure.
  • ncreased activity in the area of the brain associated with positive emotion – the pre-frontal cortex – which is generally less active in people who are depressed.
  • More than 100 studies have shown changes in brain wave activity during meditation and researchers have found that areas of the brain linked to emotional regulation are larger in people who have meditated regularly for five years.
  • recurrent depressionanxiety disorders addictive behaviour stress chronic pain chronic fatigue syndromeinsomniaplus more mental and physical problems.
  • Mindfulness in the workplace can improve productivity and decrease sickness absence, and increasingly employers are looking to benefit from its effect on workplace wellbeing.
  • Almost three-quarters of GPs think mindfulness meditation would be helpful for people with mental health problems, and a third already refer patients to MBCT on a regular basis.
Emily Vargas

Yoga Improves Sleep for Cancer Patients | OSUN DEFENDER - 0 views

www.osundefender.org/?p=124573

yoga sleep cancer patients

shared by Emily Vargas on 04 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • regular practice of yoga can lead to significant improvements in sleep for people who have undergone cancer treatment.
  • Research indicates that people coping with cancer are at significantly higher risk for sleep disorders than the general population
  • Poor sleep and disrupted circadian rhythms are also associated with hormone dysregulation and immune system dysfunctio
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • including physical pain or discomfort that interferes with falling asleep or staying asleep, side effects from medications and treatments, as well as stress and anxiety
  • Researchers divided the participants into 2 groups, both of which followed the same standard post-treatment care plan. In addition, one group also participated in a 4-week yoga program, consisting of 2 75-minute sessions each week. The yoga regimen included physical postures as well as meditation, breathing and relaxation exercises
  • Yoga also helped to reduce patients’ reliance on prescription sleep medication.
  • 410 patients with cancer, all of whom had undergone one or more types of treatment—including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy—within the past 24 months. Most of the participants (96%) were women, with an average age of 54, and 75% of participants had breast cancer. All were suffering from at least moderate levels of sleep problems.
  • While short-term use of sleep medication may be useful, it’s critical to identify strategies for improving sleep that don’t rely on long-term use of sleep medicines
  • , researchers measured sleep for both groups using questionnaires and wrist sensors worn during the night. They found both groups had improved their sleep during the 4-week period. However, the yoga group experienced significantly greater improvements to sleep compared to the non-yoga group:
  • The yoga group saw their average sleep quality score improve from 9.2 at the beginning of the study to 7.2 at the end. The non-yoga group’s average score improved to a lesser degree, from 9.0 to 7.9.
  • The yoga group experienced more significant improvements to daytime tiredness than the non-yoga group.
  • The yoga group reduced their use of sleep medication by 21% per week during the course of the study. The non-yoga group, on the other hand, increased their sleep medication use by 5% per week.
  • that the group practicing yoga improved their sleep while also reducing their reliance on sleep medication
  • CDC’s first-ever investigation of prescription sleep medication that reliance on prescription sleep aids is alarmingly high, with 4% of the adult population of the U.S. taking medication to sleep
  • After 3 months, patients who did yoga reported significant decreases in sleep disturbances, increased sleep duration, and less reliance on sleep medication, compared to a group that did not participate in the yoga regimen.
  • A group of patients with a variety of cancers experienced improvements to sleep and decreases to levels of stress and fatigue after an 8-week program of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). MBSR includes meditation practices designed to address both physical and psychological difficulties.
Emily Vargas

Number of Depressive Episodes Linked to Mindfulness Outcomes - 0 views

www.goodtherapy.org/...to-mindfulness-outcomes-092613

mindfulness outcomes

shared by Emily Vargas on 04 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • negative affect, cognitive disturbances, rumination, and worry
  • MBCT teaches individuals how to be objective in their appraisal of emotions
  • affect had a significant effect MBCT outcomes and also on depressive symptoms and worry.
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  • Batnik also noticed a difference in how these processes interacted when he compared participants with a history of fewer than two MDD episodes to those with three or more prior episodes.
  • For the participants with fewer than two episodes, cognitive changes had more impact on MBCT outcomes and changes in symptoms than affective changes
  • in the group with more than three prior episodes, affect changes had the greatest impact on symptom reduction via MBCT
  • “Further research is necessary to confirm these hypotheses and examine underlying mechanisms for different populations and for individuals at different stages of the illness.”
Emily Vargas

Mindfulness Therapy Could Indirectly Reduce Alcohol Cravings - 0 views

www.goodtherapy.org/...educe-alcohol-cravings-0924131

mindfulness therapy alcohol

shared by Emily Vargas on 04 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • One of the primary associations that these two domains have is their relationship with self-consciousness (SC).
  • Individuals with depression often have high levels of SC and people with alcohol addiction often have affect and mood issues such as depression.
  • For individuals with depression, negative mood states and negative self-appraisals can trigger cravings and, thus, increase the risk of relapse
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  • When someone tries to abstain from alcohol, they can experience significant cravings.
  • Because SC is found to be relatively high in those with depression, understanding the effect of this trait on craving could help clinicians treating those with alcohol use issues.
  • Belgium recently led a study to explore the relationship between SC and craving in a sample of 30 individuals undergoing alcohol detoxification
  • The participants were assessed for depression, SC, and cravings at the beginning of treatment and again at days 14 through 18. The results revealed that craving and depression both decreased significantly from day 1 to day 18
  • Timary discovered that the individuals with severe depression and elevated SC scores at treatment initiation had the highest level of cravings, depression, and SC at the end of the study perio
  • This suggests that the more self-conscious someone is, the more this trait can impact depression and, subsequently, cravings.
  • greater success if they employ mindfulness-based and metacognitive therapies that focus on developing nonreactive, nonjudgmental acceptance behaviors that could minimize SC and depression.
  • “Our results suggest that metacognitive approaches targeting SC could decrease craving and, in turn, prevent future relapses.
Emily Vargas

Mindfulness helps against anxiety and depression | ScienceNordic - 0 views

sciencenordic.com/against-anxiety-and-depression

mindfulness anxiety depression

shared by Emily Vargas on 01 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • oung adults with social phobia and anxiety,
  • Patients with social anxiety disorder benefit as much from a mindfulness programme as patie
  • nts who receive regular cognitive treatment
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • The risk of relapse in people with recurrent major depressive disorder is significantly lower Cancer patients reduced their anxiety and depressive symptoms
  • women who in glossy magazines tell of how they achieved self-control and success because they practice mindfulness and are able to be attentive and live in the present.
  • Here, a group of young people with social anxiety was divided into two random groups. One group received regular cognitive behavioural therapy in which the participants were taught to overcome their anxiety by confronting it. The other group was treated with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.
  • British health authorities now recommend using mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for the prevention of relapse in recurrent depression.
  • was a meta-study of six randomised clinical trials of 593 people who had been affected by one or more depressive episodes.
  • A patient who has suffered from a single depressive episode has a 60-percent chance of relapse. With two depressive episodes, the risk of relapse increases to 70 percent, and with three episodes, the risk goes up to 90 percent
  • systematic mindfulness training can significantly reduce this risk of relapse
  • For those hit by one depressive episode, the risk of relapse is reduced by 34 percent, and with three episodes, the risk is reduced by 43 percent.
  • This indicates that mindfulness is a serious alternative to confrontational therapy in which patients for instance overcome their fear of spiders by having them walk on their hands.
  • which studied the effect of mindfulness on cancer patients, who often become anxious and depressed – even after the cancer treatment is actually completed.
Rebecca Lurie

The Power of Concentration - NYTimes.com - 0 views

www.nytimes.com/...he-power-of-concentration.html

mindfulness

shared by Rebecca Lurie on 02 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • shown to improve connectivity inside our brain’s attentional networks, as well as between attentional and medial frontal regions
  • make us better able to switch between tasks and monitor our own attention, but it is indicative of more effective overall management of our finite attentional resources.
Anna Delapaz

Easing Doctor Burnout With Mindfulness - NYTimes.com - 0 views

well.blogs.nytimes.com/...octor-burnout-with-mindfulness

shared by Anna Delapaz on 11 Oct 13 - No Cached
    • Anna Delapaz
      Anna Delapaz on 11 Oct 13
       
      Repetition: Repeats words having to do with the feeling of stress and being overwhelmed. This emphasis helps the reader understand what it feels like to be in the doctors' shoes. It also helps illustrate how necessary mindfulness is for those in the health care field
  • upbeat
  • more focused
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • strengthen the relationship
  • efficient
    • Anna Delapaz
      Anna Delapaz on 11 Oct 13
       
      Repetition of words showing the positive effects mindfulness can have on an individual's ability to focus. 
    • Anna Delapaz
      Anna Delapaz on 11 Oct 13
       
      Binary: The idea that doctors are always on the go and the reality that they can't handle the stress of always working and always thinking. This leads to burnout. 
    • Anna Delapaz
      Anna Delapaz on 11 Oct 13
       
      Gaps: The author addresses only doctors but implies this could be used for all health care professionals. Perhaps talking to someone else in the health industry who has experience with burn out would add more credibility 
kyle kirby

Global Warming's Terrifying New Math | Politics News | Rolling Stone - 0 views

www.rollingstone.com/...s-terrifying-new-math-20120719

shared by kyle kirby on 17 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • June broke or tied 3,215 high-temperature records across the United States.
  • That followed the warmest May on record for the Northern Hemisphere
  • the odds of which occurring by simple chance were 3.7 x 10-99, a number considerably larger than the number of stars in the universe.
  • ...23 more annotations...
  • "largest temperature departure from average of any season on record."
    • Gabriel Kerbs
      Gabriel Kerbs on 18 Oct 13
       
      Odd occurrences are becoming the norm.  The earth is talking to us, warning  us
  • it had rained in Mecca despite a temperature of 109 degrees,
    • Brett Sherman
      Brett Sherman on 18 Oct 13
       
      Rain in the middle of a desert at 109 degrees, that's insane! If that's not evidence I don't know what is.
  • the Copenhagen climate conference in 2009 would have marked the culmination of the global fight to slow a changing climat
  • George H.W. Bush, who flew in for the first conclave, Barack Obama didn't even attend.
  • I can say with some confidence that we're losing the fight, badly and quickly – losing it because, most of all, we remain in denial about the peril that human civilization is in.
    • Gabriel Kerbs
      Gabriel Kerbs on 18 Oct 13
       
      This is because global warming hasn't physically moved us yet... just wait till the first city gets engulfed
  • you just need to do a little mat
    • Gabriel Kerbs
      Gabriel Kerbs on 18 Oct 13
       
      Quantitative data has power
  • Last month the world's nations, meeting in Rio for the 20th-anniversary reprise of a massive 1992 environmental summit, accomplished nothing.
  • Sir Nicholas Stern of Britain, called the "most important gathering since the Second World War
    • Aadil Khetani
      Aadil Khetani on 18 Oct 13
       
      The issue of global warming is considered so high and people need to notice what the problem is and identify the true source. 
  • "This is our chance. If we miss it, it could take years before we get a new and better one. If ever."
  • Neither China nor the United States, which between them are responsible for 40 percent of global carbon emissions, was prepared to offer dramatic concessions, and so the conference drifted aimlessly for two weeks until world leaders jetted in for the final day
    • Aadil Khetani
      Aadil Khetani on 18 Oct 13
       
      The US and the Chinese must take responsibility in resolving the issue or providing an effective solution. 
  • that two degrees is far too lenient a target.
  • "the scientific view that the increase in global temperature should be below two degrees Celsius."
  • "we agree that deep cuts in global emissions are required... so as to hold the increase in global temperature below two degrees Celsius."
  • about 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit – the accord ratified positions taken earlier in 2009 by the G8, and the so-called Major Economies Forum.
    • Gabriel Kerbs
      Gabriel Kerbs on 18 Oct 13
       
      2 degrees seems small, but is actually a drastic change for the environment
  • So far, we've raised the average temperature of the planet just under 0.8 degrees Celsius, and that has caused far more damage than most scientists expected
    • Aadil Khetani
      Aadil Khetani on 18 Oct 13
       
      What was the number of years that the number increased the most and around which time period did it occur? What happens if the number goes over 2?
  • COPENHAGEN: THE MUNICH OF OUR TIMES?
  • All told, 167 countries responsible for more than 87 percent of the world's carbon emissions have signed on to the Copenhagen Accord, endorsing the two-degree target.
    • Alex S
      Alex S on 17 Oct 13
       
      great way to start of with some number. but i can see how briing up all the warmer weather can set the stage.
    • Alex S
      Alex S on 17 Oct 13
       
      this shows how there are still leaders who dont put environment/climate change at the top of their prioritys
    • Alex S
      Alex S on 17 Oct 13
       
      does this # of 2 degree C change with the times (like temp inflation) or will it always be the benchmark?
  • no one paid it much attention,
  • prescription for long-term disaster.
  • Its purely voluntary agreements committed no one to anything, and even if countries signaled their intentions to cut carbon emissions, there was no enforcement mechanism
    • kyle kirby
      kyle kirby on 18 Oct 13
       
      I find it ludicrous that countries can just say they will do something to help the betterment of the world, then just do the exact opposite when it helps the bottom line.
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