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Daniel T

Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • – People's Army
  • guerrilla
  • guerrilla organization based in Colombia
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • Colombian government had initially ignored the growing influence of several communist enclaves in and around Sumapaz (a locality of Bogotá) until 1964 when, under pressure by Conservatives who considered the autonomous communities (which were labeled as “independent republics” by senator Álvaro Gómez Hurtado,[31]) to be a threat, the Colombian National Army was ordered to take full control of the area.
  • By 1985, the major guerrilla groups (EPL, FARC-EP, M-19, and ELN) had come together under an umbrella organization known as the Guerrilla Coordinating Board (CNG). This group evolved in 1987 into the Simón Bolívar Guerrilla Coordinating Board (CGSB), which led negotiations between the numerous guerrilla groups and the government. While the CGSB did achieve some of its goals, its success was very limited. The CGSB's initiative led to the successful peace process with the M-19. The FARC-EP and ELN, on the other hand, decided to continue their struggle.
  • The FARC-EP have demanded a mechanism for prisoner exchange, which would involve the liberation of 21 military and police "prisoners of war"[12] (not including civilians held for extortion or ransom, which may number in the thousands) that the group currently holds, in exchange for the release of at least 500 jailed criminal rebels. During the duration of the DMZ negotiations, a small humanitarian exchange took place.
  • Partial hostage releases and escapes during 2006 and 2007
  • Anti-FARC rallies
  • Death of Raúl Re
  • Death of Manuel Marulanda Vélez
  • Hugo Chavez's call to disarm
  • Operation Jaque
  • FARC receives most of its funding -which has been estimated to average some $300 million per year- from taxation of the illegal drug trade, ransom kidnappings, bank robberies, and extortion of large landholders, multinational corporations, and agribusines
  • Drug trafficking Main article: Illegal drug trade in Colombia FARC-EP was not initially involved in direct drug cultivation, trafficking, or trans-shipment prior to or during the 1980s. Instead, it maintained a system of taxation on the production that took place in the territories that they controlled, in exchange for protecting the growers and establishing law and order in these regions by implementing its own rules and regulations[100][101]. During the 1990s, FARC expanded its operations, in some areas, to include trafficking and production, which has provided a significant portion of its funding[102]. Right-wing paramilitary groups also receive a large portion of their income from drug trafficking and production operations[102]. FARC has called for crop substitution programs that would allow coca farmers to find alternative means of income and subsistence. In 1999, FARC worked with a United Nations alternative development project to enable the transition from coca production to sustainable food production. On its own, the group has also implemented agrarian reform programs in Putumayo[103][100][101][104]. In areas where it is involved in coca production, FARC generally makes sure that peasant coca growers receive a much larger share of profits than the paramilitaries would give them[105][99][101], and demands that traffickers pay a decent wage to their workers[99]. According to journalist and author Garry Leech, when growers in a FARC-controlled area are caught selling coca to non-FARC brokers, they are generally forced to leave the region, but when growers are caught selling to FARC in paramilitary-controlled areas, they are generally killed[105]. He concludes that the lower prices paid for raw coca in paramilitary-controlled areas lead to significantly larger profits for the drug processing and trafficking organizations, which means that they generally prefer that paramilitaries control an area rather than FARC[105]. After the April 21, 2001 capture of Brazilian druglord Luiz Fernando da Costa (aka Fernandinho Beira-Mar) in Colombia, Colombian and Brazilian authorities accused him of cooperating with FARC-EP through the exchange of weapons for cocaine. They also claimed that he received armed protection from the guerrilla group.[106][107][108] [edit] Kidnappings Main article: Kidnappings in Colombia The FARC-EP is responsible for ransom kidnappings in Colombia. The group’s kidnapping targets are usually those that it considers wealthy landowners and businessmen, the police and military, as well as foreign tourists and entrepreneurs, and prominent international and domestic officials.[109] Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez has expressed his disagreement with their resorting to kidnappings[110]. [edit] Human rights concerns
  • Child soldiers FARC-EP, the ELN, and right-wing paramilitaries all train teens as soldiers and informants. Human Rights Watch estimates that the FARC-EP has the majority of child combatants in Colombia, estimating that approximately one quarter of the guerrillas are under 18 years of age[112][113]. Forcible recruitment of children, by either side, is rare in Colombia; most of the children join of their own volition without any threats of force to themselves or their families. They join for a variety of reasons including poverty, lack of educational opportunities, avoiding work in the coca processing plants (which is dangerous), escaping from domestic violence, offers of money (mostly from paramilitaries, who pay their soldiers), and other reasons[113].
John B

Favela - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

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    "The cocaine trade has impacted Brazil and in turn its favelas, which tend to be ruled by drug lords. Regular shoot-outs between traffickers and police and other criminals, as well as assorted illegal activities, lead to murder rates in excess of 40 per 100,000 inhabitants in the city of Rio and much higher rates in some Rio favelas.[12] Traffickers ensure that individual residents can guarantee their own safety through their actions and political connections to them. They do this by maintaining order in the favela and giving and receiving reciprocity and respect, thus creating an environment in which critical segments of the local population feel safe despite continuing high levels of violence. Drug use is highly concentrated in these areas run by local gangs in each highly populated favela. Drug sales and use run rampant at night when many Favelas host their own baile, or dance party, where many different social classes can be found. These drug sales make up "a business that in some of the occupied areas rakes in as much as US$ 150 million per month, according to official estimates released by the Rio media.""
Zhapa EWSIS

Help For Shopaholics Stop Compulsive Shopping - 0 views

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    Have you ever felt like you need to go shopping and shopping everyday until you brought everything you wanted? Something that I have been interested in learning more about has been Shopaholics. I remember seeing this movie last year that made me wonder about people who are Shopaholics. Lately, the issue has caught my eye again. I know that many people feel that being Shopaholic is really bad because it damages your living style. From what I have heard, being Shopaholic isn't something bad. It's just a way of being. You just shop and shop. It's not like if you creating a crime. I know that it's like a sickness that can't make you stop. But if it's really affecting your life then you have to give that up. For example, I heard that Shopaholic is more like able to be out of control. Shopping does not only effect the shopper it also effects family members, spouses, loved ones and friends. Many times married over active spenders will be divorced and in debt before they can control their spending habits. Now that's just what I've heard, it may or may not be true. One thing that I know for sure about is that Shopaholics do suffer a lot when it comes to money. Many Shopaholics end up having a big amount of budget. And I also know that Compulsive shopping is a serious condition that affects thousands of people's lives in America. Another fact that I know is that one major key to successfully overcoming compulsive shopping is simply taking responsibility for ones own actions. Stop denying the problem and or blaming others. Shopaholics who truly want help need to say enough is enough. Once a shopaholic realizes that shopping is just not worth the troubles that are caused from shopping excessively things get much easier. Make the decision to change and change will come. Now I've studied my share of Philosophy, and I believe that if being a Shopaholic damages your life... then you should make a change to take that out of your life. Personally, it's funny to me
CorrineA EWSIS

Insomnia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 1 views

  • Insomnia is typically followed by functional impairment while awake.
    • Paul Allison
       
      So this is saying that when you don't sleep at night you often get hurt the next day.
    • CorrineA EWSIS
       
      I guess this is saying that if you are not usually asleep when you normally would be, you are less attentive. You could bump into something or hurt your foot etc. When you are between being awake and being asleep that can also damage you in the morning.
  • Insomnia is a symptom[1] which can accompany of any of several sleep, medical and psychiatric disorders, characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep and/or staying asleep despite the opportunity.
    • CorrineA EWSIS
       
      It's important because knowing what insomnia is helps to figure out what sleepless night are and why they occur.
  • According to the United States Department of Health and Human Services in the year 2007, approximately 64 million Americans regularly suffer from insomnia each year.[3] Insomnia is 1.4 times more common in women than in men.[4]
    • CorrineA EWSIS
       
      This sentence is important because statistics mean that there are personal experiences out there to investigate in the mysterious questions circulating sleepless nights
    • kavoy jones
       
      The more i look up research on this topic the more i realize that i have insomnia myself. Before i was told that its from stressed, something on my mind or feelings i had kept hidden. Every where i looked for information about it they all seem to save diffrent things how you can have it but they all did say the syptoms and i do have them.
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  • Transient insomnia lasts from days to weeks. It can be caused by another disorder, by changes in the sleep environment, by the timing of sleep, severe depression, or by stress. Its consequences - sleepiness and impaired psychomotor performance - are similar to those of sleep deprivation.[5]
    • CorrineA EWSIS
       
      this helps to know the different types of insomia so in case you come across sleepless nights then you can figure out what your symtoms may be
  • Acute insomnia is the inability to consistently sleep well for a period of between three weeks to six months.[6]
    • CorrineA EWSIS
       
      This type of insomnia is not very long but is is alarming to those who can't get a good night's sleep for months.
  • Chronic insomnia lasts for years at a time. It can be caused by another disorder, or it can be a primary disorder. Its effects can vary according to its causes. They might include sleepiness, muscular fatigue, hallucinations, and/or mental fatigue; but people with chronic insomnia often show increased alertness. Some people that live with this disorder see things as though they were happening in slow motion, wherein moving objects seem to blend together. Can cause double vision.[5]
    • CorrineA EWSIS
       
      Is there more to this because I wonder how long chronic insomnia can go on.
    • CorrineA EWSIS
       
      Does chronic mean consistantly?
  • In many cases, insomnia is caused by another disease, side effects from medications, or a psychological problem.
    • CorrineA EWSIS
       
      What types of diseases cause mild sleepless nights?
  • Many insomniacs rely on sleeping tablets and other sedatives to get rest. All sedative drugs have the potential of causing psychological dependence where the individual cannot psychologically accept that they can sleep without drugs[citation needed].
    • CorrineA EWSIS
       
      What types of sedatives can give you psychological diseases?
    • CorrineA EWSIS
       
      Are sedatives harmful to you nervous system?
  • Restless Legs Syndrome can cause insomnia due to the discomforting sensations felt and need to move the legs or other body parts to relieve these sensations. It is difficult if not impossible to fall asleep while moving.
  • Some antidepressants such as amitriptyline, doxepin, mirtazapine, and trazodone can often have a very strong sedative effect, and are prescribed off label to treat insomnia.[33] The major drawback of these drugs is that they have antihistaminergic, anticholinergic and antiadrenergic properties which can lead to many side effects. Some also alter sleep architecture.
    • CorrineA EWSIS
       
      I think that these are important because they are partly the reason why some people have sleepless nights. Also because these are anti-depressants and they are the laeding cause of sleepless nights which answers part of my question
  • The antihistamine diphenhydramine is widely used in nonprescription sleep aids such as Tylenol PM, with a 50 mg recommended dose mandated by the FDA. In the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and other countries, a 25 mg to 50 mg recommended dose is permitted.
    • CorrineA EWSIS
       
      Why is this relevant to the treatment?
  • Cyproheptadine is a useful alternative to benzodiazepine hypnotics in the treatment of insomnia. Cyproheptadine may be superior to benzodiazepines in the treatment of insomnia because cyproheptadine enhances sleep quality and quantity whereas benzodiazepines tend to decrease sleep quality.
    • CorrineA EWSIS
       
      What these two sentences are saying is that Cyproheptadine way better then benzodiazepines in the treatment of insomnia.
Rachel EWSIS

Disgraced pediatrician loses licence for 7 years - 0 views

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    I'm learning more about things that occur in the medical field right now, and in particular what i'm wondering about is this news paper article.I was researching the question online, and this news item caught my attention because this old man has been a pedittrican for many years and he sexually assualted and drugged all his patients. I think that he is stupid for doing this. It is not worth waiting all your time in medical scholl and in college to throw your career down the drain. "A disgraced pediatrician found gulty of sexually assaulting his patients has had his medical licence suspended for a period of seven years." The quote i chose here is basically saying that a medical doctor was found gulity of sexually assualting his patients for seven years and he had his liscene taken away for 7 years. I think this is wrong because, it makes me wonder the type of things that other people do when they are in the medical field.I think that some people take advantage of their careers and they think that they won't get caught.
Traci EWSIS

Los Angeles to close hundreds of medical marijuana dispensaries | Raw Story - 0 views

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    I'm learning more about medical marijuana and in particular what i'm wondering is "why is medical marijuana illegal".I was researching this question online, and this blog post caught my attention because my teacher pointed it out to me.\n"The council's move against the pot shops comes following threats by the district attorney, who claimed "about 100%" of medical marijuana dispensaries are operating illegally by selling the drug to patients over the counter in a storefront setting."
Reggie ace

Girls accept gun running and rape as price of joining violent male gangs - Times Online - 3 views

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    I'm learning more about gangs right now, and in particular what i am wondering is: Why do teenage girls want to join gangs? I was researching online, and this new item caught my attention because I myself hate gangs and the thought of a young girl interacting with gangs i wrong. She gave up her childhood just to be cool. "Teenage girls wanting to join violent male gangs are being forced into having sex and ferrying guns, knives and drugs, police and charities have found." Young teenage girls want to join gangs for what and at what cost? These days girls and boys would do anything to be down with the people. Today's world is going crazy, Kids needs to stop trying to be down and finish school. I think this is all pointless because all gangs are good for is learning how to shoot and kill someone. That is what you wanna do then you join the army.
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    Well, I'm not saying that I like the situation, but instead that the article caught my interests. I never would have thought girls would join gangs especially for a silly reason such as protection. It makes me disgusted knowing that the gangs take advantage of them and treat them like the inferior group even when they are transporting their guns and supplies. Disturbing!
Jeannie EWSIS

Açaí Palm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

    • Jeannie EWSIS
       
      This is important because it supports the idea that there is no scientific evidence that suggests acai berry promotes weight loss.
  • Global demand for the fruit has expanded rapidly in recent years, and açaí is now cultivated for that purpose primarily.
    • Jeannie EWSIS
       
      I'm wondering why so many people are falling for the whole acai berry businesses. It has been revealed a long time ago that there is nothing different about acai berry than any other types of berries.
  • Eight species are native to Central and South America, from Belize southward to Brazil and Peru, growing mainly in swamps and floodplains
    • Jeannie EWSIS
       
      The fact that acai berry only grows in brazil is important because this is what makes the price go up so high. It can't be found anywhere in the United States.
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  • Recently, the açaí berry has been marketed as a dietary supplement. Companies sell açaí berry products in the form of tablets, juice, smoothies, instant drink p
    • Jeannie EWSIS
       
      There have been many products using acai, many of which is just utilizing the popularity.
  • Even web sites purporting to warn about açai-related scams are themselves perpetrating scams
  • http://www.quackwatch.com/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/PhonyAds/acai.html
  • According to ABC News correspondent Susan Donaldson, these products have not been evaluated (in the United States) by the FDA, and their efficacy is questionable.
    • Jeannie EWSIS
       
      In other words, though the efficacy of acai is questionable, currently there is no way to address this problem because the products haven't been evaluated by the FDA
  • A study in 12 healthy fasted human volunteers demonstrated that blood antioxidant capacity was increased within two hours after consumption of a commercial açaí juice beverage or applesauce.
    • Jeannie EWSIS
       
      This supports that acai does have antioxidants. It is a good fruit, but nothing about it makes it different than other healthy berries.
  • When three commercially available juice mixes containing unspecified percentages of açaí juice were compared for in vitro antioxidant capacity against red wine, tea, six types of pure fruit juice, and pomegranate juice, the average antioxidant capacity was ranked lower than that of pomegranate juice, Concord grape juice, blueberry juice, and red wine
  • Marketers of these products, such as Monarch Health Sciences, parent company of MonaVie, make claims that açaí provides increased energy levels, improved sexual performance, improved digestion, detoxification, high fiber content, improved skin appearance, improved heart health, improved sleep, and reduction of cholesterol levels.
    • Jeannie EWSIS
       
      On what scientific evidence?
  • Quackwatch noted that "açai juice has only middling levels of antioxidants—less than that of Concord grape, blueberry, and black cherry juices, but more than cranberry, orange, and apple juices."
    • Jeannie EWSIS
       
      This is important because they tell you what other fruits have almost the equal amount of antioxidants; means you don't have to spend tons of money on acai
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