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Market and economic downturns have always sent analysts searching for easy and relatable explanations in the form of metaphoric cliches. Author Gregory Zuckerman suggests, "Descriptive imagery can be helpful, providing a way to visualize an event or challenge. Vicious periods for stock investors have long been described as bear markets (often with a dependable modifier, "grinding"). Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset wrote: "The metaphor is perhaps the most fruitful power of man. Its efficacy verges on magic." But many see the reflexive resort to trite analogies as unhelpful, even misleading. "People feel a need to make sense of events and find explanations, and this gives a veneer of credibility, but in fact the executives have no clue and are flailing around like everyone else," Mr. [Sydney] Finkelstein [a corporate-leadership professor at the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College] said. "It's the perfect excuse to shift blame."

With studies showing that one-third of married couples started their relationships online, finding romance via URLs is no longer as novel - and creepy - as it seemed when dating sites launched in the mid-1990s. But now the digital aisle to marriage is transforming, moving from dating sites to social networks, where couples say encounters are more revealing and, with witty tweets and thoughtful status updates, more like flirting in the analog world. And they're free.

UCLA researchers Oppenheimer and Mueller wondered if there was something about paper and the act of writing that explained this phenomenon, so they conducted an experiment. They asked about 50 students to attend a lecture. Half took notes on laptops and half with pen and paper. Both groups were then given a comprehension test. It wasn't even close. The students who used paper scored significantly higher than those who used laptops. Mueller attributes this unexpected finding - published in the journal, Psychological Science - to the fact that the "analog" note takers were forced to synthesize rather than merely transcribe. It's a phenomenon known as "desirable difficulty." "Desirable difficulty is some small roadblock that is in your path that actually improves your understanding of a topic," she explains.

She misses the point when she starts sentences but doesn't finish them. She just has a lot of statements but fails to actually argue her point. She also has a weak analogy between Russia and Alaska. Her ideas are based on their geographical proximity but not much else.

Her arguments would be more persuasive simply by being able to complete her sentences and stating her points more boldly and not in such a questioning tone. It also seems that she doesn't answer the questions, as her answers are always vague and extremely indirect.

There are around 340 million L1 English speakers, and 600 million ESL speakers, making the language accessible to an estimated billion people, English is also the primary or official language in 101 countries. However, Vyvyan Evans, British linguist, notes emoji are an even more intuitively accessible global communication mode. 3.2 billion people have regular Internet access in the world, and 92 percent-plus of those 3.2 billion people regularly send emojis. So from that perspective, Emoji leaves English in the dust, in terms of use and uptake. Most people think that when we communicate in default face-to-face mode, language is what's driving effective communication, and in fact it's not. Communication requires different channels of information - language is just one. The two other important ones are paralanguage, and that's how you're delivering the words, so tone of voice, and the really big one is kinesics, and that has to do with action-based, nonverbal communication. Emoji functions analogously to tone of voice and to body language in text-speak, and without it, we're reduced communicators.

Before, linguists thought that language grew and evolved normally, but now, after research, they are now using the analogy that language is like a living creature, using concepts from biology like natural selection, and genetic drift to describe the evolution of language. The researchers now hope that linguists accept these observations/claims made from this new research.

This is about how language grows and changes. Every time someone learns it, it is reproduced.

Similarities: Both are used to communicate, both form language families, both have semantics and syntax Differences: Human language used to communicate between humans, programming languages used to communicate between human and computer, no morphology in programming languages, No synonyms, cultural significance, metaphors, analogies, in programming languages, no room for interpretation in programming languages