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Daryl Bambic

Behaviorism - 4 views

www.simplypsychology.org/behaviorism.html

behaviourism psychology

shared by Daryl Bambic on 26 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Psychology should be seen as a science. 
  • Its theoretical goal is … prediction and control” (1913, p. 158).
  • concerned with observable behavior,
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • a person’s environment determines their behavior
  • 'tabula rasa' (a blank slate).
  • There is little difference between the learning that takes place in humans and that in other animals.  Therefore research can be carried out on animals as well as humans.
  • Behavior is the result of stimulus – response
  • no matter how complex,
  • All behavior is learnt from the environment
  • Limitations
  • Strengths
  • The psychodynamic approach (Freud) criticizes behaviorism as it does not take into account the unconscious mind’s influence on behavior, and instead focuses on external observable behavior.
  • (tabula rasa)
  • Humanism also rejects the nomothetic approach
  • humans have free will (personal agency
  • Chromosomes and hormones
  • Mediation processes occur between stimulus and response, such as memory, thinking, problem solving etc.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 26 Apr 12
       
      What are the three main objections of the Behaviourism?
    • Marie-Lise Pagé
      Marie-Lise Pagé on 27 Apr 12
       
      The three main objections is that human cannot be compare to animals, human have free will and they make their own decisions and it doesn't take into account the unconscious mind.
    • Julian Posteraro
      Julian Posteraro on 27 Apr 12
       
      1) Humans have free will and are able to make their own decisions. This is objected because our actions are made based on our surroundings. 2) Animals and humans are not comparable. They are however because they can both be controlled by a stimulus for example. 3) People are born with a blank slate in their mind. Freud believed that they were actually born with instincts.  
    • kelsey sazant
      kelsey sazant on 27 Apr 12
       
      The three main objections of the Behaviourism is that humans cannot be accurately represented by animals because we have a different and more complex mind we also have free will and a different decision making process. Hormones also have a huge influence on our behaviour, this does not effect animals as drastically. 
    • Ally Talarico
      Ally Talarico on 27 Apr 12
       
      We are born with a "blank slate" therefore we are not born with a unconscious mind. Behavior isn't determined by our unconscious mind but by our environment. If it's not measurable, it's not a good theory. Also, we can't test on animals and just accept that they are the same as humans. They aren't. We are a lot more advanced and complex than most animals. We have free will and we make decisions differently than they do. 
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 26 Apr 12
       
      What are the strengths of Behaviourism?
    • Marie-Lise Pagé
      Marie-Lise Pagé on 26 Apr 12
       
      The strengths are that it's scientific so the experements done can support the theories. It helps us understand certain behaviours we have. Also, it can help us compare ourselves to animals since most of the experements are done on animals. 
    • Julian Posteraro
      Julian Posteraro on 27 Apr 12
       
      Behaviourism is beneficial because knowing that a simple or complex stimulas can trigger a certain reaction, we can learn how to better control other people or animals. For example, a stimulas can be used to train your pet animal or to calm your energetic child down. Knowing that behaviourism is predictable, we can have a certain amount of subtle control over others when needed, in therapy for example. There are also many experiments that help support the theories of Behaviourism. This is also something that is common between animals and humans. We both can react a certain way based on our environment. 
    • Ally Talarico
      Ally Talarico on 27 Apr 12
       
      It's scientific, it's highly applicable through therapy, it emphasizes objective measurement. There are many experiments to support theories as well. 
    • kelsey sazant
      kelsey sazant on 27 Apr 12
       
      The main strengths of Behaviourism are that it is scientific and therefore can test and approve or reject falsifiable theories. It can also be used as therapy or treatment if used or understood properly. It also helps us understand our behaviours by comparing them to animals, this helps us further understand our own species through the observation of another. 
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 26 Apr 12
       
      Why is Behaviourism primarily concerned with observable behaviour? How is that different from Freudian psychoanalytic theory?
    • Marie-Lise Pagé
      Marie-Lise Pagé on 26 Apr 12
       
      Behaviourism is primarily concerned with observable  behaviour because it wants to have data and the only way to get it is by seeing something happen. It is different than the Freudian psychoanalytic because Freud's theory was that you can't change the behaviour, but in behaviourism we can change the reaction.  Behaviourism says that internal events like thinking will be explained with olur behaviour.
    • Jordyn Shell
      Jordyn Shell on 27 Apr 12
       
      Behaviourism is primarily concerned with observable  behaviour because the only way to know if something is occurring is to OBSERVE IT, hence 'observable behaviour' (behaviours which are required to be seen, like MLP said). It's different than Freud's theory because he believed that behaviour was permanent, no matter what the behaviour was. However you acted and such wasn't controllable or changeable.
    • Ally Talarico
      Ally Talarico on 27 Apr 12
       
      Behaviorism is proven by observation. Also, the theory explains that we can change the reaction of certain other actions. Freudian theory believes that behavior or permanent. Although we believe that we are being rational when making decisions, we really aren't.
    • Eli Michon
      Eli Michon on 27 Apr 12
       
      Behaviorism need observation to be justified because you cant know what is happening unless it's witnessed. when thinking about this, i think of how a person under arrest is innocent until proven guilty. Freudian theory however presumed that behavior was a permanent thing and that every psychological advance you made would be determined and preset.
    • Julian Posteraro
      Julian Posteraro on 27 Apr 12
       
      Behaviourism is concerned with observable behaviour because our environment determines our behaviour. Technically, people have no free will because every action made is a reaction to another. Freud doesn't take into consideration the unconscious mind and disregards behaviourism. He also believes that we are born with instincts and not with "tabula rasa". These two theories are different because if our surroundings can predetermine our behaviour, then our behaviour isn't permanent unless our environment is.  
    • kelsey sazant
      kelsey sazant on 27 Apr 12
       
      Behaviorism is primarily concerned with observable behaviour because the only way to be certain that a change is occurring is to see it. This is quite different than Freud's theory because he believed that the behaviours that humans have cannot be altered. However, although our behaviours are believed to be set in stone, some things like routines and environments can change our reactions and perspectives. 
    • Emilie L
      Emilie L on 27 Apr 12
       
      'Because the study of behavior(ism) relies on the things we do visually (thus observable behavior). Like the text mentions, its an external and measurable study, instead of "average" physcology which is passed off on internal oberservaton (thoughts). It's different because Freudian theory suggest that everything is done mentally: our decisions, reactions. Happens through the brain; behaviorism suggests that we can study something that is said to be in our minds, based off of our actions (externally)
Daryl Bambic

NPR Media Player - 0 views

www.npr.org/...mediaPlayer.html

music brain therapy

shared by Daryl Bambic on 21 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • Daryl Bambic on 21 Dec 11
     
    Music therapy and the brain.
Julian Pendenza

BEATING THE ODDS - 1 views

perspect.siuc.edu/...gambling.html

psychology

shared by Julian Pendenza on 02 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Every state except Utah and Hawai'i permits some form of gambling.
  • Not surprisingly, gambling losses have skyrocketed. Every year, American consumers blow more money on gambling than we spend on music, movies, professional sports, theme parks, and cruises combined, says Dixon—an estimated $68 billion in 2002, according to one source.
    • Julian Pendenza
      Julian Pendenza on 02 Mar 12
       
      Important fact
  • 1 percent
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • 3 percent in the last 20 years
  • they are hugely in debt...and their families are in a shambles.
    • Julian Pendenza
      Julian Pendenza on 02 Mar 12
       
      One of the main problems of gambling
  • the most common treatment option for the problem, recorded a success rate of only 8 percent after two years of treatment. Therapy can boost the success rate considerably, but many people still don't respond well or simply don't have access to it.
    • Julian Pendenza
      Julian Pendenza on 02 Mar 12
       
      This is a reason of why this is such a big problem in today society
  • First, he's set up a "casino room" in his lab. This room, equipped with a one-way mirror for observing subjects, has slot machines, a roulette wheel, a craps table, and a poker table. No money is used to play these games, only tokens, but the physical experience of gambling is otherwise the same. (Research subjects do sometimes get extra course credit or gift cards as incentives for participating.)
    • Julian Pendenza
      Julian Pendenza on 02 Mar 12
       
      Procedure for expierement
  • • Immediate gratification.
  • • Irrational beliefs
  • Pathological gamblers "don't have rational discounting curves," says Dixon. "They would rather have smaller amounts of money immediately than more later.
  • Perceptions of winning and losing.
  • Impulsivity and the gambling environment.
  • The illusion of control
  • The fact that money isn't the only motivation for gambling is something that Dixon and his students know from the Gambling Intervention Program, which he began at SIUC in early 2005. This free eight-week program, closely modeled after a program developed by psychologist Nancy Petry at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine, is tailored to the individual.
    • Julian Pendenza
      Julian Pendenza on 02 Mar 12
       
      justification
  • Julian Pendenza on 02 Mar 12
     
    Behaviour research and its relation with Gambling, written by Marilyn Davis. Based on the research done by a professor of behaviour analysis and therapy with SIUC's rehabilitation Institution. This is a credible site because it is a ''.edu'' site which means educational organization. There for its a site whose purpose is to educate. Also it is a site created for the Southern Illinois University.
Erin Waxman

How to Help Your Depressed Teen - 0 views

www.about-teen-depression.com/...o-help-your-depressed-teen.htm

#help #teenagers #depression #symptoms #definition

shared by Erin Waxman on 05 Apr 13 - No Cached
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 05 Apr 13
       
      This connects the to problem of how depression often goes very much unnoticed in teenagers
  • The reality is that it is much more than a sullen mood and bouts of sadness. It is an actual medical condition that can have devastating, permanent effects on a teenager's life.
  • dependent on their parents or other caregivers to provide the medical attention they need, whereas adults are free to go to the doctor on their own.
  • ...6 more annotations...
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 05 Apr 13
       
      very common as teenagers are known to be moody and hormonal 
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 05 Apr 13
       
      dopamine is a common example of a lacking neurotransmitter in a depressed brain
  • it can be difficult to distinguish between a foul mood and actual depression.
  • Physical examinations are always the first step in screening teens for depression so that other possible causes can be ruled out.
  • Simply prescribing teens an antidepressant is not good enough as a stand-alone treatment.
  • therapy
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 05 Apr 13
       
      talk therapy is one of the leading known successful treatments for depression, aside from medication
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 07 Apr 13
       
      You have not established site validity.
Daryl Bambic

The two kinds of stories we tell about ourselves | - 0 views

ideas.ted.com/tories-we-tell-about-ourselves

#twitter narrative

shared by Daryl Bambic on 14 Jan 17 - No Cached
  • Our identities and experiences are constantly shifting
  • disparate pieces of our lives and placing them together into a narrative, we create a unified whole that allows us to understand our lives as coherent — and coherence, psychologists say, is a key source of meaning
  • narrative identity as an internalized story you create about yourself
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • divide their lives into chapters and to recount key scenes, such as a high point, a low point, a turning point or an early memory
  • interesting patterns
  • driven to contribute to society and to future generations, he found, are more likely to tell redemptive stories about their lives, or stories that transition from bad to good.
  • contamination story
  • less “generative,” or less driven to contribute to society and younger generations. They also tend to be more anxious and depressed
  • defined by growth, communion and agency.
  • edit, revise and interpret the stories we tell about our lives even as we are constrained by the facts
  • psychotherapist’s job is to work with patients to rewrite their stories in a more positive way.
  • this form of therapy is as effective as antidepressants or cognitive behavioral therapy.
Erin Waxman

Postpartum Depression | Canadian Mental Health Association - 0 views

www.cmha.ca/...postpartum-depression

#postpartum #help #symptoms #mothers #children

shared by Erin Waxman on 05 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • References to postpartum depression date back as far as the 4th century BC. Despite this early awareness, it has not always been recognized as an illness.
  • The sooner the condition is diagnosed, the more effective the treatment.
  • The mother may fear she is losing her mind or fear that others may feel she is unfit to be a mother.
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 05 Apr 13
       
      example: visions of seeing harm done to their baby, or even seeing them do harm to their own child.
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • The “baby blues” is the most minor form of postpartum depression. It usually starts 1 to 3 days after delivery, and is characterized by weeping, irritability, lack of sleep, mood changes and a feeling of vulnerability. These “blues” can last several weeks. It’s estimated that between 50% and 80% of mothers experience them.
  • Women with this condition suffer despondency, tearfulness, feelings of inadequacy, guilt, anxiety, irritability and fatigue.
  • A woman with postpartum depression may regard her child with ambivalence, negativity or disinterest.
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 05 Apr 13
       
      to me this is the most scary thing in the world. To have just given life to a child and to feel such negative feelings towards it when it should be the happiest time in your life.
  • An adverse effect on the bonding between mother and child may result.
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 05 Apr 13
       
      very important and can cause severe damage to the child. The lack of feelings of love and belonging in a child's first years can result in many behavioural and psychological problems in the future.
  • The depression can begin at any time between delivery and 6 months post-birth, and may last up to several months or even a year
  • Postpartum psychosis is a relatively rare disorder. The symptoms include extreme confusion, fatigue, agitation, alterations in mood, feelings of hopelessness and shame, hallucinations and rapid speech or mania. Studies indicate that it affects only one in 1000 births.
  • The exact cause of postpartum depression is not known.
  • One factor may be the changes in hormone levels that occur during pregnancy and immediately after childbirth.
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 05 Apr 13
       
      this is the most common thought cause of the illness
  • There is no one trigger; postpartum depression is believed to result from many complex factors. It is important, however, to communicate to women with postpartum depression that they did not bring it upon themselves.
  • One certain fact is that women who have experienced depression before becoming pregnant are at higher risk for postpartum depression.
  • The risk increases in women who have experienced 2 or more abortions, or women who have a history of obstetric complications.
  • a difficult relationship, lack of a support network, stressful events during the pregnancy or after delivery.
  • Therapy, support networks and medicines such as antidepressants are used to treat postpartum depression.
Daryl Bambic

Is Anybody in There? Searching for Consciousness in an Injured Brain | Wired Science | ... - 2 views

www.wired.com/...all

brain neuroscience consciousness

shared by Daryl Bambic on 13 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • eft to languish in nursing homes where no one bothers with physical therapy or even to check for glimmers of regained consciousness
  • many patients with no outward signs of awareness retain some degree of consciousness
  • In Wallis’ case, brain scans revealed evidence that his brain had rewired itself to some extent to compensate for the injury
  • ...13 more annotations...
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 13 Feb 13
       
      Brains re-wiring themselves is called brain plasticity.  
  • y rare, a 2009 study by Belgian researchers found that 41 percent of hospital and rehab patients with a vegetative state diagnosis were actually minimally conscious
  • ike a flickering light, and you’re going to miss it unless you systematically look for it,” Fins said.
  • n a few cases, this technology has enabled rudimentary communication with patients trapped inside an unresponsive body. In the future, some scientists believe, it may be possible to directly decode these patients’ thoughts.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 13 Feb 13
       
      For an explanation of how this decoding might work, go to the end of the article.
  • Getting these methods right is crucial, as pressure mounts to use them in medical decisions, including whether or not to terminate life support, and in the legal battles that sometimes ensue. There are a number of ongoing legal cases in Canada that involve vegetative or minimally conscious patients and end of life decisions, says Adrian Owen, a neuroscientist at the University of Western Ontario. “I’m absolutely sure fMRI is going to play a role in one or more of these cases in the next 12 months.”
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 13 Feb 13
       
      The role of technology in ethical decision making.
  • technology that created these disorders in the first place.
  • ut a badly damaged brain is not necessarily unconscious. The recent research tells us quite clearly that human consciousness is not binary. It can exist in degrees, fade in and out, even when the body is unresponsive.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 13 Feb 13
       
      Consciousness is not binary but a question of degrees.
  • wen also described a new way to assess mental function in unresponsive patients. It involves scanning someone’s brain as they watch an 8 minute clip of an Alfred Hitchcock film. When healthy people do this, various parts of the brain synchronize their activity at certain times in the clip. Owen argues that if brain injury patients exhibit similar patterns, it could be a telltale sign of residual cognitive function.
  • imple yes-no communication probably isn’t enough to allow patients to participate in decisions about their care.
  • Gallant’s lab has shown that it’s possible to reconstruct still images and video clips from the patterns of activity elicited in the brain of the person viewing them. If Gallant can see what your visual cortex is doing, he can tell you, more or less, what you’re looking at.
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