The role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Pittas AG, Lau J, Hu FB, Dawson-Hughes B.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jun;92(6):2017-29. Epub 2007 Mar 27. Review.
PMID: 17389701
.CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D and calcium insufficiency may negatively influence glycemia, whereas combined supplementation with both nutrients may be beneficial in optimizing glucose metabolism.
Fracture prevention with vitamin D supplementation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Wong JB, Giovannucci E, Dietrich T, Dawson-Hughes B.
JAMA. 2005 May 11;293(18):2257-64. Review.
PMID: 15886381
Conclusions Oral vitamin D supplementation between 700 to 800 IU/d appears to reduce the risk of hip and any nonvertebral fractures in ambulatory or institutionalized elderly persons. An oral vitamin D dose of 400 IU/d is not sufficient for fracture prevention.
Effect of Vitamin D on falls: a meta-analysis.
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dawson-Hughes B, Willett WC, Staehelin HB, Bazemore MG, Zee RY, Wong JB.
JAMA. 2004 Apr 28;291(16):1999-2006. Review.
PMID: 15113819
Meta-analysis: longitudinal studies of serum vitamin D and colorectal cancer risk.
Yin L, Grandi N, Raum E, Haug U, Arndt V, Brenner H.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Jul 1;30(2):113-25. Epub 2009 Apr 15.
PMID: 19392870
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04022.x
Conclusions Our results support suggestions that serum 25(OH)D is inversely related to CRC risk.
Review and meta-analysis on vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and cancer risk.
Raimondi S, Johansson H, Maisonneuve P, Gandini S.
Carcinogenesis. 2009 Jul;30(7):1170-80. Epub 2009 Apr 29. Review.
PMID: 19403841
Vitamin D supplementation and total mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Autier P, Gandini S.
Arch Intern Med. 2007 Sep 10;167(16):1730-7. Review.
PMID: 17846391
Conclusions Intake of ordinary doses of vitamin D supplements seems to be associated with decreases in total mortality rates. The relationship between baseline vitamin D status, dose of vitamin D supplements, and total mortality rates remains to be investigated. Population-based, placebo-controlled randomized trials with total mortality as the main end point should be organized for confirming these findings.
Prevention of nonvertebral fractures with oral vitamin D and dose dependency: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Wong JB, Stuck AE, Staehelin HB, Orav EJ, Thoma A, Kiel DP, Henschkowski J.
Arch Intern Med. 2009 Mar 23;169(6):551-61.
PMID: 19307517
Conclusion Nonvertebral fracture prevention with vitamin D is dose dependent, and a higher dose should reduce fractures by at least 20% for individuals aged 65 years or older.
Pittas AG, Lau J, Hu FB, Dawson-Hughes B.
The role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jun;92(6):2017-29. Epub 2007 Mar 27. Review.
PMID: 17389701 [PubMed - indexed for MEDL
Gorham ED, Garland CF, Garland FC, Grant WB, Mohr SB, Lipkin M, Newmark HL, Giovannucci E, Wei M, Holick MF.
Optimal vitamin D status for colorectal cancer prevention: a quantitative meta analysis.
Am J Prev Med. 2007 Mar;32(3):210-6.
PMID: 17296473
Meta-analysis of longitudinal studies: Serum vitamin D and prostate cancer risk.
Yin L, Raum E, Haug U, Arndt V, Brenner H.
Cancer Epidemiol. 2009 Dec;33(6):435-45. Epub 2009 Nov 25.
PMID: 19939760
doi:10.1016/j.canep.2009.10.014
CONCLUSIONS: According to available evidence from longitudinal studies, serum 25(OH)D is not associated with PC incidence.
Fall prevention with supplemental and active forms of vitamin D: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dawson-Hughes B, Staehelin HB, Orav JE, Stuck AE, Theiler R, Wong JB, Egli A, Kiel DP, Henschkowski J.
BMJ. 2009 Oct 1;339:b3692. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b3692.
PMID: 19797342
doi: 10.1136/bmj.b3692
Conclusions Supplemental vitamin D in a dose of 700-1000 IU a day reduced the risk of falling among older individuals by 19% and to a similar degree as active forms of vitamin D. Doses of supplemental vitamin D of less than 700 IU or serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of less than 60 nmol/l may not reduce the risk of falling among older individuals.
Meta-analysis of vitamin D, calcium and the prevention of breast cancer.
Chen P, Hu P, Xie D, Qin Y, Wang F, Wang H.
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009 Oct 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19851861
These results provide strong evidence that vitamin D and calcium have a chemopreventive effect against breast cancer.
Vitamin D and prevention of breast cancer: pooled analysis.
Garland CF, Gorham ED, Mohr SB, Grant WB, Giovannucci EL, Lipkin M, Newmark H, Holick MF, Garland FC.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Mar;103(3-5):708-11.
PMID: 17368188
CONCLUSIONS: Intake of 2000 IU/day of Vitamin D(3), and, when possible, very moderate exposure to sunlight, could raise serum 25(OH)D to 52 ng/ml, a level associated with reduction by 50% in incidence of breast cancer, according to observational studies.
Use of vitamin D in clinical practice.
Cannell JJ, Hollis BW.
Altern Med Rev. 2008 Mar;13(1):6-20.
PMID: 18377099
The recent discovery--from a meta-analysis of 18 randomized controlled trials--that supplemental cholecalciferol (vitamin D) significantly reduces all-cause mortality emphasizes the medical, ethical, and legal implications of promptly diagnosing and adequately treating vitamin D deficiency. Not only are such deficiencies common, and probably the rule, vitamin D deficiency is implicated in most of the diseases of civilization. Vitamin D's final metabolic product is a potent, pleiotropic, repair and maintenance, seco-steroid hormone that targets more than 200 human genes in a wide variety of tissues, meaning it has as many mechanisms of action as genes it targets. One of the most important genes vitamin D up-regulates is for cathelicidin, a naturally occurring broad-spectrum antibiotic. Natural vitamin D levels, those found in humans living in a sun-rich environment, are between 40-70 ng per ml, levels obtained by few modern humans. Assessing serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) is the only way to make the diagnosis and to assure treatment is adequate and safe. Three treatment modalities exist for vitamin D deficiency: sunlight, artificial ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, and vitamin D3 supplementation. Treatment of vitamin D deficiency in otherwise healthy patients with 2,000-7,000 IU vitamin D per day should be sufficient to maintain year-round 25(OH)D levels between 40-70 ng per mL. In those with serious illnesses associated with vitamin D deficiency, such as cancer, heart disease, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, autism, and a host of other illnesses, doses should be sufficient to maintain year-round 25(OH)D levels between 55 -70 ng per mL. Vitamin D-deficient patients with serious illness should not only be supplemented more aggressively than the well, they should have more frequent monitoring of serum 25(OH)D and serum calcium. Vitamin D should always be
Benefit-risk assessment of vitamin D supplementation.
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Shao A, Dawson-Hughes B, Hathcock J, Giovannucci E, Willett WC.
Osteoporos Int. 2009 Dec 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19957164
Conclusion Our analysis suggests that mean serum 25(OH)D levels of about 75 to 110 nmol/l provide optimal benefits for all investigated endpoints without increasing health risks. These levels can be best obtained with oral doses in the range of 1,800 to 4,000 IU vitamin D per day; further work is needed, including subject and environment factors, to better define the doses that will achieve optimal blood levels in the large majority of the population.