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Differences in vitamin D status between countries in young adults and the elderly. McKenna MJ. Am J Med. 1992 Jul;93(1):69-77. PMID: 1385673 PURPOSE: To compare vitamin D status between countries in young adults and in the elderly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reports on vitamin D status (as assessed by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D) from 1971 to 1990 were reviewed. Studies were grouped according to geographic regions: North America (including Canada and the United States); Scandinavia (including Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden); and Central and Western Europe (including Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, The Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom). RESULTS: Vitamin D status varies with the season in young adults and in the elderly, and is lower during the winter in Europe than in both North America and Scandinavia. Oral vitamin D intake is lower in Europe than in both North America and Scandinavia. Hypovitaminosis D and related abnormalities in bone chemistry are most common in elderly residents in Europe but are reported in all elderly populations. CONCLUSIONS: The vitamin D status in young adults and the elderly varies widely with the country of residence. Adequate exposure to summer sunlight is the essential means to ample supply, but oral intake augmented by both fortification and supplementation is necessary to maintain baseline stores. All countries should adopt a fortification policy. It seems likely that the elderly would benefit additionally from a daily supplement of 10 micrograms of vitamin D.

Reginster JY. Prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in European postmenopausal women. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007 Jul 12; [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 17631697 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Maghbooli Z, Hossein-Nezhad A, Karimi F, Shafaei AR, Larijani B. Correlation between vitamin D(3) deficiency and insulin resistance in pregnancy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2007 Jul 2; [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 17607661 [PubMed - as supplied by publish

Contains information how to convert serum 25(OH)D (calcidiol) concentration units nmol/l to ng/ml and vice versa.

van der Mei IA, Ponsonby AL, Engelsen O, Pasco JA, McGrath JJ, Eyles DW, Blizzard L, Dwyer T, Lucas R, Jones G. The High Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency across Australian Populations Is Only Partly Explained by Season and Latitude. Environ Health

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations and carotid artery intima-media thickness among type 2 diabetic patients. Targher G, Bertolini L, Padovani R, Zenari L, Scala L, Cigolini M, Arcaro G. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2006 Nov;65(5):593-7. PMID: 17054459 CONCLUSIONS: Hypovitaminosis D is highly prevalent in type 2 diabetic adults and is strongly and independently associated with increased carotid IMT. Further investigation into whether vitamin D may play a role in the prevention of atherosclerosis appears to be warranted.

Vitamin D supplementation during the first year of life and risk of schizophrenia: a Finnish birth cohort study. McGrath J, Saari K, Hakko H, Jokelainen J, Jones P, Järvelin MR, Chant D, Isohanni M. Schizophr Res. 2004 Apr 1;67(2-3):237-45. PMID: 14984883 Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation during the first year of life is associated with a reduced risk of schizophrenia in males. Preventing hypovitaminosis D during early life may reduce the incidence of schizophrenia.

Vitamin D Deficiency in the Morbidly Obese. Buffington C, Walker B, Cowan GS Jr, Scruggs D. Obes Surg. 1993 Nov;3(4):421-424. PMID: 10757956 These data suggest that low vitamin D may be associated with obesity per se. Hypovitaminosis D, when it is found in post-bariatric surgery patients, may not be caused by the surgery since it may have been present to some degree pre-operatively.

Urgent action needed to improve vitamin D status among older people in England! Hirani V, Tull K, Ali A, Mindell J. Age Ageing. 2009 Nov 23. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19934073 CONCLUSIONS: poor vitamin D status of older people continues to be a public health problem in England. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with many risk factors and poor health outcomes. There is now an urgent need for a uniform policy on assessment and dietary supplementation of vitamin D in older people to prevent poor vitamin D status and its negative consequences

Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Willett WC. Cancer incidence and mortality and vitamin d in black and white male health professionals. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Dec;15(12):2467-72. Epub 2006 Nov 28. PMID: 17132768 [PubMed - in process]

Cancer incidence and mortality and vitamin d in black and white male health professionals.

Hypocalcemia as a Cause of Reversible Cardiomyopathy with Ventricular Tachycardia Chandrakant B. Chavan, MD, DNB; Kalavakolanu Sharada, MD, DM; Hygriv B. Rao, MD, DM; and Calambur Narsimhan, MD, DM, AB Annals of Internal Medicine, 3 April 2007, Volume

Guarding Against the Dangers of Vitamin D Deficiency By Tiesha D. Johnson, BSN, RN LE Magazine May 2007 Print Friendly

Guarding Against the Dangers of Vitamin D Deficiency By Tiesha D. Johnson, BSN, RN LE Magazine May 2007

Valimaki VV, Alfthan H, Lehmuskallio E, Loyttyniemi E, Sahi T, Stenman UH, Suominen H, Valimaki MJ. Vitamin D status as a determinant of peak bone mass in young Finnish men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jan;89(1):76-80. PMID: 14715830