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Vitamin D association with estradiol and progesterone in young women. Knight JA, Wong J, Blackmore KM, Raboud JM, Vieth R. Cancer Causes Control. 2009 Nov 15. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19916051 CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of vitamin D may reduce progesterone and estradiol, providing a potential mechanism for reduction in breast cancer risk from increased vitamin D exposure in young women.

Vitamin D association with estradiol and progesterone in young women. Knight JA, Wong J, Blackmore KM, Raboud JM, Vieth R. Cancer Causes Control. 2009 Nov 15. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19916051 Conclusions Higher levels of vitamin D may reduce progesterone and estradiol, providing a potential mechanism for reduction in breast cancer risk from increased vitamin D exposure in young women

Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with greater all-cause mortality in older community-dwelling women. Semba RD, Houston DK, Ferrucci L, Cappola AR, Sun K, Guralnik JM, Fried LP. Nutr Res. 2009 Aug;29(8):525-30. PMID: 19761886 doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2009.07.007 Older community-dwelling women with low 25(OH)D levels are at an increased risk of death.

Association of vitamin D deficiency with cognitive impairment in older women. Cross-sectional study. Annweiler C, Schott AM, Allali G, Bridenbaugh SA, Kressig RW, Allain P, Herrmann FR, Beauchet O. Neurology. 2009 Sep 30. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19794127 doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181beecd3 Conclusions: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D deficiency was associated with cognitive impairment in this cohort of community-dwelling older women.

Effect of four monthly oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on fractures and mortality in men and women living in the community: randomised double blind controlled trial. Trivedi DP, Doll R, Khaw KT. BMJ. 2003 Mar 1;326(7387):469. PMID: 12609940 CONCLUSION: Four monthly supplementation with 100 000 IU oral vitamin D may prevent fractures without adverse effects in men and women living in the general community.

Parathyroid hormone, but not vitamin D, is associated with the metabolic syndrome in morbidly obese women and men: a cross-sectional study. Hjelmesaeth J, Hofsø D, Aasheim ET, Jenssen T, Moan J, Hager H, Røislien J, Bollerslev J. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2009 Feb 3;8:7. PMID: 19187564 doi:10.1186/1475-2840-8-7 CONCLUSION: The PTH level, but not the vitamin D level, is an independent predictor of MS in treatment seeking morbidly obese Caucasian women and men. Randomized controlled clinical trials, including different therapeutic strategies to lower PTH, e.g. calcium/vitamin D supplementation and weight reduction, are necessary to explore any cause-and-effect relationship.

Comment: The strengths of this randomized study include its high level of adherence and its use of a vitamin D dose sufficient to cause a biologically meaningful increase in serum levels. The adult daily value for vitamin D is 400 IU, but many U.S. women are vitamin-D-deficient (N Engl J Med 2007; 357:266). The Institute of Medicine considers doses up to 2000 IU to be without significant risk for adverse health effects. In addition to consuming dietary sources of vitamin D (see Table 1), most women will need supplements to achieve adequate intake. Multivitamins usually contain 400 IU of vitamin D.

Serum levels of vitamin D metabolites and breast cancer risk in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial. Freedman DM, Chang SC, Falk RT, Purdue MP, Huang WY, McCarty CA, Hollis BW, Graubard BI, Berg CD, Ziegler RG. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008 Apr;17(4):889-94. Epub 2008 Apr 1. PMID: 18381472 doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2594 In this prospective study of postmenopausal women, we did not observe an inverse association between circulating 25(OH)D or 1,25(OH)2D and breast cancer risk, although we cannot exclude an association in younger women or with long-term or earlier exposure

Higher levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are associated with a lower incidence of multiple sclerosis only in women. Kragt J, van Amerongen B, Killestein J, Dijkstra C, Uitdehaag B, Polman Ch, Lips P. Mult Scler. 2009 Jan;15(1):9-15. Epub 2008 Aug 13. PMID: 18701572 DOI: 10.1177/1352458508095920 CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that higher circulating levels of 25(OH)D are associated with a lower incidence of MS and MS-related disability in women. This may imply clues to the pathogenesis of the sex difference in risk and to the nature of the environmental factors involved in MS.

"Women with fertility problems may benefit from taking vitamin D supplements, research has found. A study has found a link between low levels of Vitamin D and problems with ovulation. The research may offer a simple, cheap and safe option for women to try before resorting to drugs."

Effect of four monthly oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on fractures and mortality in men and women living in the community: randomised double blind controlled trial. Trivedi DP, Doll R, Khaw KT. BMJ. 2003 Mar 1;326(7387):469. PMID: 12609940 Conclusion: Four monthly supplementation with 100 000 IU oral vitamin D may prevent fractures without adverse effects in men and women living in the general community.

"ScienceDaily (Oct. 8, 2009) - Women with breast cancer should be given high doses of vitamin D because a majority of them are likely to have low levels of vitamin D, which could contribute to decreased bone mass and greater risk of fractures, according to scientists at the University of Rochester Medical Center." Scientists funded by the NCI analyzed vitamin D levels in each woman, and the average level was 27 nanograms per milliliter; more than two-thirds of the women had vitamin deficiency. Weekly supplementation with high doses of vitamin D -- 50,000 international units or more -- improved the levels, according to Peppone's study. The U.S. Institute of Medicine suggests that blood levels nearing 32 nanograms per milliliter are adequate.

Statins and vitamin D. Aloia JF, Li-Ng M, Pollack S. Am J Cardiol. 2007 Oct 15;100(8):1329. Epub 2007 Jul 5. No abstract available. PMID: 17920383 A total of 208 women were randomized to receive vitamin D3 (n=104) or placebo (n=104). 51 women were on statins. At baseline, the subjects on statins had a significantly higher 25-OHD level than the subjects who were not on statins (51.2 ± 20.1 nmol/L versus 43.2 ± 18.0 nmol/L respectively, p=0.008). This was also true when averaging 25-OHD levels across the 3-year study period and looking at active and placebo patients separately. 185 subjects had follow-up 25-OHD levels drawn every 6 months during the study. Higher levels were seen in the statin use subgroup whether they were on placebo or active vitamin D (Figure 1Figure 1). There was no interaction seen between vitamin D use and statin use, i.e. the impacts are additive (p=0.5502). This significant difference is comparable to the increase in 25-OHD levels seen in Pérez-Castrillón's study (41 ± 19 versus 47 ± 19 nmol/L, p=0.003) [1]. Although Pérez-Castrillón et al found a statistically significant relation between total cholesterol and 25-OHD (r=0.277, p=0.002), we did not find a significant relation between total cholesterol and 25-OHD in our study population.

Caution regarding 25-hydroxyvitamin D monitoring in women with breast cancer. Chlebowski RT. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Aug 20;27(24):e72-3; author reply e74. Epub 2009 Jul 20. PMID: 1962047

The same annual dose of 292 000 IU of vitamin D(3) (cholecalciferol) on either daily or four monthly basis for elderly women: 1-year comparative study of the effects on serum 25(OH)D(3) concentrations and renal function. Pekkarinen T, Välimäki VV, Aarum S, Turpeinen U, Hämäläinen E, Löyttyniemi E, Välimäki MJ. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2009 May 25. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19486025 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03637.x

ScienceDaily (Apr. 8, 2009) - According to a recent study in the Archives of Internal Medicine, 75 percent of Americans do not get enough Vitamin D. Researchers have found that the deficiency may negatively impact immune function and cardiovascular health and increase cancer risk. Now, a University of Missouri nutritional sciences researcher has found that vitamin D deficiency is associated with inflammation, a negative response of the immune system, in healthy women.

Robien K, Cutler GJ, Lazovich D. Vitamin D intake and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women: the Iowa Women's Health Study. Cancer Causes Control. 2007 Sep;18(7):775-82. Epub 2007 Jun 5. PMID: 17549593 [PubMed - in process]

Reginster JY. Prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in European postmenopausal women. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007 Jul 12; [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 17631697 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Gonzalez G, Alvarado JN, Rojas A, Navarrete C, Velasquez CG, Arteaga E. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Chilean healthy postmenopausal women with normal sun exposure: additional evidence for a worldwide concern. Menopause. 2007 May-Jun;14(3

Dose response to vitamin D supplementation among postmenopausal African American women. Talwar SA, Aloia JF, Pollack S, Yeh JK. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Dec;86(6):1657-62. PMID: 18065583