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Contact Us Your Local FBI Office Overseas Offices Submit a Crime Tip Report Internet Crime More Contacts Learn About Us Quick Facts What We Investigate Natl. Security Branch Information Technology Fingerprints & Training Laboratory Services Reports & Publications History More About Us Get Our News Press Room E-mail Updates News Feeds Be Crime Smart Wanted by the FBI More Protections Use Our Resources For Law Enforcement For Communities For Researchers More Services Visit Our Kids' Page Apply for a Job Civil Rights Statutes Civil Rights Home Federal Civil Rights Statutes Title 18, U.S.C., Section 241 - Conspiracy Against Rights Title 18, U.S.C., Section 242 - Deprivation of Rights Under Color of Law Title 18, U.S.C., Section 245 - Federally Protected Activities Title 18, U.S.C., Section 247 - Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996 Title 18, U.S.C., Section 248 - Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances (FACE) Act Title 18, U.S.C., Section 844(h) - Federal Explosives Control Statute Title 42, U.S.C., Section 3631 - Criminal Interference with Right to Fair Housing Title 42, U.S.C., Section 14141 - Pattern and Practice Title 18, U.S.C., Section 241 Conspiracy Against Rights This statute makes it unlawful for two or more persons to conspire to injure, oppress, threaten, or intimidate any person of any state, territory or district in the free exercise or enjoyment of any right or privilege secured to him/her by the Constitution or the laws of the United States, (or because of his/her having exercised the same). It further makes it unlawful for two or more persons to go in disguise on the highway or on the premises of another with the intent to prevent or hinder his/her free exercise or enjoyment of any rights so secured. Punishment varies from a fine or imprisonment of up to ten years, or

This is Google's cache of http://www.ncea.aoa.gov/ncearoot/main_site/Library/CANE/CANE_Series/CANE_FinancialExploitation.aspx. It is a snapshot of the page as it appeared on Jun 27, 2010 13:10:27 GMT. The current page could have changed in the meantime. Learn more Text-only versionThese search terms are highlighted: financial elderly person includes constitute property crimes regardless age victim california These terms only appear in links pointing to this page: exploytation acts thin includes U.S. Administration on Aging Home NCEA E-News State Resources Calendar About NCEA What We Do NCEA Partners NCEA Initiatives Find Help Help Hotline ElderCare Locator Find State Resources Resources for Families Adult Protective Services FAQ's Frequently Asked Questions Basics Resource for Professionals Nursing Home Abuse Resources Community Outreach Newsletter NCEA Listserve Online Links Promising Practice Library CANE Publications Events & Webcast Laws Statistic & Research Training Library Abuse Statistics Survey, Reports & Testimonies Research Briefs & Agenda National Incident Study Home > Library > CANE Printer Friendly Text Size: T T T Financial Exploitation of the Elderly: An Update of the Literature Financial exploitation of the elderly is becoming an increasingly familiar problem. Regular review of news headlines reveals that elders and vulnerable adults are victimized routinely by frauds, scams and identity theft, at the hands of strangers as well as loved ones, not only in the United States, but throughout the world. As technology advances, perpetrator

This is the html version of the file http://students.law.ucdavis.edu/LSA/files/outlines/Civ%20Pro%20-%20Unknown%20-%200203.doc. Google automatically generates html versions of documents as we crawl the web. CIV PRO OUTLINE As of 5/1 1. WHAT'S CIVIL PROCEDURE? 1. Prescribes and administers process for enforcing rights and duties specified in substantive law 2. EVOLUTION OF CIVIL PROCEDURE (pgs. 18-32) 1. Significant Anglo-Saxon institutions at time of conquest: 1. Crown 2. Local tribunals 1. Slow and uncertain in operation 2. Earliest forms of royal intervention 1. Executive 2. Administrative 3. Writ 1. Written directive from king to royal official/to individual/group of individuals ordering addressees to do/refrain from doing designated act 2. Procedural steps by which prosecuted not uniform 3. Praecipe 1. Executive command made without inquiry 4. Novel disseisin/querela 1. Derived from procedure in which judicial inquest of complaints heard first and then executive action followed 4. king's direct entertainment of complaints of subjects 3. Early evolution of royal courts 1. Medieval central government 1. King's court/curia regis 2. Why separate branches? 1. Administrative necessity for orderly record keeping 2. Historical fact that early Plantagenet kings had domains in France that were more important to them than England and which required their presence on continent for long periods of time (king absent a lot) 4. Common law procedure 1. Background of all medieval litigation was hope of bringing parties to some sort of voluntary accord

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Crimes Causing Harm to Property Depending on the value of the property involved, as well as the level of violence, most property crimes fall into the category of felony in Texas. The legal definition of theft is unlawfully taking the property of another person with the intent to deprive the other person of the property. This definition is much broader than what most people think of as theft. It includes embezzlement, keeping found property without making a reasonable attempt to find its rightful owner, obtaining the services of another person or telecommunication services by fraud, shoplifting, unauthorized access to credit cards, and writing bad checks. Robbery is similar to theft; in fact, theft is a part of robbery. A person commits robbery if, during a theft, he or she intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another person, threatens a person, or places another person in fear of immediate injury or death. Aggravated robbery, which is a felony of the first degree, is a robbery in which a person is seriously injured or in which the defendant uses a deadly weapon. If the robbery causes fear of immediate injury or death to a victim who is 65 years of age or older, or who has a mental, physical, or developmental disability, the crime also constitutes an aggravated robbery. Burglary is entering into a building, portion of a building, or habitation with the intent to commit theft or a felony there. Not only is it burglary to enter a house unlawfully with the intent to steal money or property, but it is also burglary to enter with the intent to commit a felony such as arson or murder. White Collar Crimes http://www.weblocator.com/attorney/tx/law/c13.html#txc130500

Crimes Causing Harm to Property Depending on the value of the property involved, as well as the level of violence, most property crimes fall into the category of felony in Texas. The legal definition of theft is unlawfully taking the property of another person with the intent to deprive the other person of the property. This definition is much broader than what most people think of as theft. It includes embezzlement, keeping found property without making a reasonable attempt to find its rightful owner, obtaining the services of another person or telecommunication services by fraud, shoplifting, unauthorized access to credit cards, and writing bad checks. Robbery is similar to theft; in fact, theft is a part of robbery. A person commits robbery if, during a theft, he or she intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another person, threatens a person, or places another person in fear of immediate injury or death. Aggravated robbery, which is a felony of the first degree, is a robbery in which a person is seriously injured or in which the defendant uses a deadly weapon. If the robbery causes fear of immediate injury or death to a victim who is 65 years of age or older, or who has a mental, physical, or developmental disability, the crime also constitutes an aggravated robbery. Burglary is entering into a building, portion of a building, or habitation with the intent to commit theft or a felony there. Not only is it burglary to enter a house unlawfully with the intent to steal money or property, but it is also burglary to enter with the intent to commit a felony such as arson or murder. White Collar Crimes http://www.weblocator.com/attorney/tx/law/c13.html#txc130500

Welfare & Institutions Code § 15657 provides: "Where it is proven by clear and convincing evidence that a defendant is liable for . . . neglect as defined in Section 15610.57, . . . and that the defendant has been guilty of recklessness, oppression, fraud, or malice in the commission of this abuse, in addition to all of the remedies otherwise provided by law: (a) the court shall award to the plaintiff reasonable attorneys' fees and costs. . . . (b) the limitations imposed by Section 337.34 of the Code of Civil Procedure on the damages recoverable shall not apply . . . (c) the standards set forth in subdivision (b) of Section 3294 of the Civil Code regarding the imposition of punitive damages on an employer based upon the acts of an employee shall be satisfied before any damages or attorneys' fees permitted under this section may be imposed against an employer". Welfare & Institutions Code § 15610.57 defines "neglect" as the negligent failure of any person having care or custody of an elder to exercise that degree of care that a reasonable person in a like position would exercise, and includes the "failure to protect from health and safety hazard". Civil Code § 3294(b) provides that an employer shall not be liable for punitive damages based upon acts of an employee unless the employer had advanced knowledge of the unfitness of the employee and employed him or her with a conscious disregard of the rights or safety of others, or authorized or ratified the employee's wrongful conduct, or was personally guilty of oppression, fraud or malice. With respect to a corporate employer, the authorization or ratification of an act of recklessness, oppression, fraud or malice must be on the part of an officer, director or managing agent of the corporation.

JUSTICE FOR ALL ACT OF 2004 The federal Justice For All Act of 2004 (PL 108-405) enhances protections for victims of federal crimes and increases federal resources available to state and local governments to combat crime. Title I of the act, the "Scott Campbell, Stephanie Roper, Wendy Preston, Louarna Gillis, and Nila Lynn Crime Victims' Rights Act," requires courts to ensure that crime victims are afforded the rights the act prescribes. It specifies that a crime victim, his lawful representative, or the attorney for the government may assert the rights in U. S. District Court. If the requested relief is denied, the movant may petition the court of appeals for a writ of mandamus, which the appeals court must decide within 72 hours. A court's failure to afford a crime victim his rights is not grounds for a new trial, but a victim can move to reopen a plea or a sentence on that basis. The act does not authorize a cause of action for damages or create, enlarge, or imply any duty or obligation to any victim or other person for any breach by federal government officers or employees (§ 102). The act appropriates $ 7 million for fiscal year 2005 and $ 11 million each for fiscal years 2006-2009, in part, for the support of state organizations that enforce crime victims' rights and provide legal counsel and support services. The states where these organizations are located must have laws substantially equivalent to the federal law (§ 103).

JUSTICE FOR ALL ACT OF 2004 The federal Justice For All Act of 2004 (PL 108-405) enhances protections for victims of federal crimes and increases federal resources available to state and local governments to combat crime. Title I of the act, the "Scott Campbell, Stephanie Roper, Wendy Preston, Louarna Gillis, and Nila Lynn Crime Victims' Rights Act," requires courts to ensure that crime victims are afforded the rights the act prescribes. It specifies that a crime victim, his lawful representative, or the attorney for the government may assert the rights in U. S. District Court. If the requested relief is denied, the movant may petition the court of appeals for a writ of mandamus, which the appeals court must decide within 72 hours. A court's failure to afford a crime victim his rights is not grounds for a new trial, but a victim can move to reopen a plea or a sentence on that basis. The act does not authorize a cause of action for damages or create, enlarge, or imply any duty or obligation to any victim or other person for any breach by federal government officers or employees (§ 102). The act appropriates $ 7 million for fiscal year 2005 and $ 11 million each for fiscal years 2006-2009, in part, for the support of state organizations that enforce crime victims' rights and provide legal counsel and support services. The states where these organizations are located must have laws substantially equivalent to the federal law (§ 103).

Political parties taking elder property in secret by zoning overlays. Riverside County Water Board who is the County Supervisor Marion Ashley. Probate Homicides at a profit. Needs the Federal Government to take action against corruption

Riverside County Internal Affairs -When I complained they said they can no longer talk to me. To: Andre O'harra Mr Ohara -I feel bad having to request from you what I need. I have been reading several corruption cases and it makes me feel like I am putting you in unfriendly waters. I would not if I did not have to. I do not want to put anyone in danger. But unfortunatly you and I are in the same boat. Sorry. I have been reading the laws regarding citizens over 65. I believe after reading the information I have that my mother has a legal standing to actually stand in my fathers place with all the rights he would have. Also I believe this case should of been reported to protective services as my father was over 65 and my mother who was also at the attack and had her husband choked in front of her while he was passed out. I cannot tell you what this has done to my mothers well being mentally and physically. The law states anyone over 65, not just a dependent. The situation in our small community has become very stressful. This is not just going to go away. -- My mother and I know how it feels. I had told you before how the Reddish family had followed us the first night of my dads death, yelled at our host for inviting us, then rang the phone every few minutes during dinner. They have watched our home and anyone from our area that visited us was harassed several times. Now the neighbor who was in jail for trying to kill his mother in law is out. I had asked about getting records on the case before. Several people close to that case early on before we knew no investigation told me Ty was selling illegal guns before. He use to work construction under the table with the guy. It is told as a fact not a story in our area. No police records of course on it. . No one will even look at mom she has lived here 30 years. I know it is fear they have but it still hurts. And mom is so alone now, she needs support. But I have to tell you my mom still sho

Riverside County Internal Affairs -When I complained they said they can no longer talk to me. To: Andre O'harra Mr Ohara -I feel bad having to request from you what I need. I have been reading several corruption cases and it makes me feel like I am putting you in unfriendly waters. I would not if I did not have to. I do not want to put anyone in danger. But unfortunatly you and I are in the same boat. Sorry. I have been reading the laws regarding citizens over 65. I believe after reading the information I have that my mother has a legal standing to actually stand in my fathers place with all the rights he would have. Also I believe this case should of been reported to protective services as my father was over 65 and my mother who was also at the attack and had her husband choked in front of her while he was passed out. I cannot tell you what this has done to my mothers well being mentally and physically. The law states anyone over 65, not just a dependent. The situation in our small community has become very stressful. This is not just going to go away. -- My mother and I know how it feels. I had told you before how the Reddish family had followed us the first night of my dads death, yelled at our host for inviting us, then rang the phone every few minutes during dinner. They have watched our home and anyone from our area that visited us was harassed several times. Now the neighbor who was in jail for trying to kill his mother in law is out. I had asked about getting records on the case before. Several people close to that case early on before we knew no investigation told me Ty was selling illegal guns before. He use to work construction under the table with the guy. It is told as a fact not a story in our area. No police records of course on it. . No one will even look at mom she has lived here 30 years. I know it is fear they have but it still hurts. And mom is so alone now, she needs support. But I have to tell you my mom still sho

The Supreme Court has held that "[w]here a particular amendment `provides an explicit textual source of constitutional protection' against a particular sort of government behavior, `that Amendment, not the more generalized notion of `substantive due process,' must be the guide for analyzing these claims." Albright v. Oliver, 510 U.S. 266 , 114 S. Ct. 807, 813 (1994) (plurality opinion) (quoting Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386, 395 (1989)).

Character" for purposes of evidence means a person's propensity to engage or not to engage in certain types of behavior. A person may have a character for truthfulness or untruthfulness, peaceableness or violence, recklessness or care, lawfulness or unlawfulness. The purpose for which character evidence is being offered must be identified to determine it's admissibility. Possible uses:

Character" for purposes of evidence means a person's propensity to engage or not to engage in certain types of behavior. A person may have a character for truthfulness or untruthfulness, peaceableness or violence, recklessness or care, lawfulness or unlawfulness. The purpose for which character evidence is being offered must be identified to determine it's admissibility. Possible uses:

Civil Remedies A few states have special provisions for the bringing of civil actions by the elderly. If an older person in Nevada suffers personal injury or death caused by abuse or neglect or suffers a loss of money or property by exploitation, the offender may be ordered to pay up to two times the actual damages incurred. If the offender acted with recklessness, oppression, fraud, or malice, the court shall order the person to pay the attorney's fees and costs of the person who initiated the lawsuit. In Georgia, the elderly may recover actual and punitive damages and attorney's fees for injury resulting from unfair or deceptive business practices

96.5. (a) Every judicial officer, court commissioner, or referee who commits any act that he or she knows perverts or obstructs justice, is guilty of a public offense punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year. (b) Nothing in this section prohibits prosecution under paragraph (5) of subdivision (a) of Section 182 of the Penal Code or any other law.

1999 Stalking Law changes. 1) Menacing by Stalking, a misdemeanor 1st degree, is enhanced on a second offense to a felony 5th degree regardless of whether the offenses involved the same victim. Multiple convictions of telephone harassment, regardless if the same victim is involved, is also a felony (except when there are only threats to property). (Eff. 3-30-99) 2) Stalking is enhanced to a Felony 4th degree for any of the nine factors listed in Section (B)(2), including priors, use of threats, trespassing, victim is a minor, history of violence, had a weapon, under protection order, serious damage to property, or prior mental illness. Bail may be denied (ORC 2937.222(A)) when stalking is a felony. The Criminal Stalking Protection Order has been expanded to include "the alleged victim or a family or household member of an alleged victim," who may request the order, must then be protected, and must be provided a copy of the protection order (2903.213(A) to (D) & (G) and 2919.26(A) to (D), (G), &(I). (eff.10-27-99) 1999 - Penalty for hit and skip drivers is increased to a felony. Drunk drivers were leaving the accident scene for two hours and then turning themselves in, since leaving the scene was a lesser crime than being tested and convicted for a DUI. (O.R.C 4511.75, 4549.99 - Eff. 3-22-99) 1998 - A new Civil Stalking Protection Order allows a Common Pleas Court to issue a stalking protection order regardless of whether or not criminal charges are filed against the alleged offender. The law also specifically states that an invitation by the victim does not nullify the order and that victim advocates are allowed to accompany the victim throughout the proceedings. (ORC 2930.214, Eff. 7-29-98) 1998 - Due to problems with judges dismissing domestic violence cases against the prosecutors wishes, the law was amended so that a judge does not have the authority to dismiss criminal charges solely at the request of the complaining w

Victim Rights in California [ TOP ] Victims of crime and the families of homicide victims have the right to: Know the current status of your court case. Be assisted if called as a witness. Attend all sentencing proceedings. Speak in person; address the court in writing; or be represented by an attorney at the time of felony sentencing to express your views concerning the defendant, the crime, and its effects on you and your family. Have the court order restitution from the convicted person. Request the Board of Prison Terms to provide notice of any hearing to review or consider parole eligibility or parole-setting for prisoner(s) in your case. You must keep the Board of Prison Terms informed of your current address if you wish to be notified. Speak personally; submit a letter, tape recording or video tape; or send an attorney to the parole hearing to express your views about the crime and the person responsible. Program Services Available [ TOP ] The following mandatory and optional services, mandated by the Office of Emergency Services, are provided: Mandatory Services Crisis Intervention Emergency Assistance Resource and Referral Assistance Follow-up Assistance Property Return Assistance Orientation to the Criminal Justice System Victim Impact Statement Assistance Court Escort/Court Support Case Status/Case Disposition Information Notification of Family/Friends Employer Notification Victim of Crime Claims Assistance Restitution Assistance Optional Services Creditor Intervention Child Care Assistance Witness Notification Funeral Arrangement Assistance Crime Prevention Information Witness Protection Assistance Temporary Restraining Order Information Transportation Assistance Court Waiting Area Employer Intervention Language Capabilities: Confidential language service available to translate all languages. State Victim of Crime Compens

Law, Tort, Administrative, Hate Crimes, Corruption, Sheriff,

Constitutional basis for legislation Congress derived its power to pass the Sherman Act through its constitutional authority to regulate interstate commerce. Therefore, Federal courts only have jurisdiction to apply the Act to conduct that restrains or substantially affects either interstate commerce or trade within the District of Columbia. This requires the plaintiff must show that the conduct occurred during the flow of interstate commerce or had an appreciable effect on some activity that occurs during interstate commerce. [edit] Elements A Section 1 violation has three elements:[16] An agreement which unreasonably restrains competition and which affects interstate commerce.

Constitutional basis for legislation Congress derived its power to pass the Sherman Act through its constitutional authority to regulate interstate commerce. Therefore, Federal courts only have jurisdiction to apply the Act to conduct that restrains or substantially affects either interstate commerce or trade within the District of Columbia. This requires the plaintiff must show that the conduct occurred during the flow of interstate commerce or had an appreciable effect on some activity that occurs during interstate commerce. [edit] Elements A Section 1 violation has three elements:[16] An agreement which unreasonably restrains competition and which affects interstate commerce.

", concluding that the Navarros failed to offer any evidence of a County policy or custom of treating domestic violence 911 calls differently from non-domestic violence 911 calls, nor any evidence of a County policy or custom of depriving residents in minority neighborhoods of equal police protection, nor any evidence of the Sheriff's deliberate or conscious indifference to the rights of abused women or residents in minority neighborhoods. 2 The Navarros now appeal."

any genuine issues of material fact and whether the district court correctly applied the relevant substantive law

"Civil Rights Laws and Police Misconduct A statute known as Section 1983 is the primary civil rights law victims of police misconduct rely upon. This law was originally passed as part of the Civil Rights Act of 1871, which was intended to curb oppressive conduct by government and private individuals participating in vigilante groups, such as the Ku Klux Klan. It is now called Section 1983 because that is where the law has been published, within Title 42, of the United States Code. Section 1983 makes it unlawful for anyone acting under the authority of state law to deprive another person of his or her rights under the Constitution or federal law. The most common claims brought against police officers are false arrest (or false imprisonment), malicious prosecution, and use of excessive or unreasonable force."

le 12. Defenses and Objections - When and How Presented - by Pleading or Motion - Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings 1. Defendant shall answer within 20 days of service or, if service was waived, within 60 days after request for waiver was sent 2. Every defense shall be asserted in the responsive pleading except that the following defenses may be made by motion: 1. Lack of jurisdiction over subject matter 2. Lack of jurisdiction over person 3. Improper venue 4. Insufficiency of process 5. Insufficiency of service of process 6. Failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted 7. Failure to join a party under Rule 19 Ü If (6) is asserted and matters outside the pleading are consider, goes to Rule 56, summary judgment. 3. Judgment on the Pleadings - mainly used by Π when Δ's responsive pleading doesn't dispute Π's claim 7. Consolidation of Defenses in Motion - If a Rule 12 motion is made, any defense or objection is waived unless exception in (h)(2) 8. Waiver or Preservation of Certain Defenses