Group items tagged attention - SSU MOT 6691 & 6692

music and mental health.pdf - 0 views

shared by Megan Applegate on 06 Aug 16 - No Cached

Megan Applegate on 06 Aug 16

Individuals experiencing mental health disorders are susceptible to impairments in occupational functioning due to decreased concentration, memory, thought processes, insight, judgement, decision-making, reality orientation, regulating emotions, understanding perception, motivation, and psycho-motor activity. This is a quantitative study out of the South American Journal of Occupation Therapy that studied the effects of slow vs. fast tempo of music on symptoms of psychosis during occupation. There were 160 individuals with diagnosed psychological disorders in a psych hospital in South Africa. The subjects participated in a leatherwork activity while listening to either fast paced/upbeat music or low tempo/slow music. Attention/focus, ability to follow instructions, directedness towards the activity, and motivation were measured in groups of individuals who had psycho-motor agitation or psycho-motor inhibition psychosis. The study found that listening to music during an activity has the ability to improve all three variables in both agitation and inhibited-motor psychosis. Fast-paced tempo significantly improves attention in individuals with inhibited motor-psychosis. The ability to follow instructions improved in both fast and slow tempo music for both agitated and inhibited individuals. Directedness and motivation did not significantly improve in any of the groups. This study indicates that music can improve the ability to perform occupations and activities in individuals with mental health disorders. Music is very individualized and it may be difficult for OT practitioners to work with groups of individuals when introducing music. IT is important for an OT to gather a good understanding of a patient's preferences and determine if they would be a good candidate for the use of music during therapy. More research is recommended in this area to further determine the effects of music on occupation in this population.

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">Individuals experiencing mental health disorders are susceptible to impairments in occupational functioning due to decreased concentration, memory, thought processes, insight, judgement, decision-making, reality orientation, regulating emotions, understanding perception, motivation, and psycho-motor activity. This is a quantitative study out of the South American Journal of Occupation Therapy that studied the effects of slow vs. fast tempo of music on symptoms of psychosis during occupation. There were 160 individuals with diagnosed psychological disorders in a psych hospital in South Africa. The subjects participated in a leatherwork activity while listening to either fast paced/upbeat music or low tempo/slow music. Attention/focus, ability to follow instructions, directedness towards the activity, and motivation were measured in groups of individuals who had psycho-motor agitation or psycho-motor inhibition psychosis. The study found that listening to music during an activity has the ability to improve all three variables in both agitation and inhibited-motor psychosis. Fast-paced tempo significantly improves attention in individuals with inhibited motor-psychosis. The ability to follow instructions improved in both fast and slow tempo music for both agitated and inhibited individuals. Directedness and motivation did not significantly improve in any of the groups. This study indicates that music can improve the ability to perform occupations and activities in individuals with mental health disorders. Music is very individualized and it may be difficult for OT practitioners to work with groups of individuals when introducing music. IT is important for an OT to gather a good understanding of a patient's preferences and determine if they would be a good candidate for the use of music during therapy. More research is recommended in this area to further determine the effects of music on occupation in this population.</div>

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Driving Characteristics of Teens With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity and Autism Spectr... - 0 views

ovidsp.tx.ovid.com.proxy01.shawnee.edu/...ovidweb.cgi

shared by bertholdm on 03 Nov 14 - No Cached

bertholdm on 03 Nov 14

Drivers with ADHD, Autism or both diagnosis are at a higher risk for accidents due to right-eye visual acuity, selective attention, visual-motor integration, cognition, and motor performance. This study found that they made more errors on the driving simulator pertaining to visual scanning, speed regulation, lane maintenance, adjustment to stimuli, and total number of driving errors. This article mentions that because of this, kids with ADHD/Autism or both need a driving specialist prior to getting behind the wheel.

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">Drivers with ADHD, Autism or both diagnosis are at a higher risk for accidents due to right-eye visual acuity, selective attention, visual-motor integration, cognition, and motor performance. This study found that they made more errors on the driving simulator pertaining to visual scanning, speed regulation, lane maintenance, adjustment to stimuli, and total number of driving errors. This article mentions that because of this, kids with ADHD/Autism or both need a driving specialist prior to getting behind the wheel. </div>

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Ethics - 2 views

Olson, L., & Moulton, H. (2004). Use Of Weighted Vests In Pediatric Occupational Therapy Practice. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 24(3), 45-60. The aim of this study was to investi...

started by kolodziejs on 17 Aug 15 no follow-up yet

Evaluation of a Pilot Parent-Delivered Play-Based Intervention for Children With Attent... - 0 views

This study focuses on parent-delivered paly interventions, aiming to address the social difficulties of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The intervention was evaluated...

http:__ajot.aota.org_article.aspx?articleid=1934886

started by whitleyjo on 05 Oct 15 no follow-up yet

Psychosocial needs of Clients - 0 views

I found this article rather interesting because I have been treating two cancer patients within the last few weeks of my rotation. This study examined patient satisfaction with treatment-planning a...

started by courtneycoe on 07 Aug 15 no follow-up yet

Systematic Review of Interventions to Promote Social-Emotional Development in Young Chi... - 0 views

ajot.aota.org/article.aspx

shared by cwaits23 on 18 Nov 14 - No Cached

cwaits23 on 18 Nov 14

With the intention of synthesizing research on OT interventions used to promote social-emotional development in young children with or at risk for disabilities, Jane Case-Smith reviewed and organized 23 studies into 5 themes. These 5 themes include: 1) touch-based interventions to enhance calming and parent-infant bonding, 2) relationship-based interventions to promote positive caregiver-child interactions, 3) joint attention interventions, 4) naturalistic preschool interventions to promote peer-to-peer engagement, and 5) instruction-based interventions to teach children appropriate social behaviors. Touch-based interventions were supported through research with infants in the NICU and showed higher cognition at 12 months than the control group. Relationship-based interventions were supported through research with children with ASD, institutionalized children, and children who spent time in the NICU. Joint attention interventions were supported for use with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Peer-to-peer engagement interventions were supported with the use of computer activities, toys, etc. Instruction-based interventions demonstrated that specific instruction in socially appropriate behavior appears to have moderately positive effects on improving children's social competence.

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">With the intention of synthesizing research on OT interventions used to promote social-emotional development in young children with or at risk for disabilities, Jane Case-Smith reviewed and organized 23 studies into 5 themes. These 5 themes include: 1) touch-based interventions to enhance calming and parent-infant bonding, 2) relationship-based interventions to promote positive caregiver-child interactions, 3) joint attention interventions, 4) naturalistic preschool interventions to promote peer-to-peer engagement, and 5) instruction-based interventions to teach children appropriate social behaviors. Touch-based interventions were supported through research with infants in the NICU and showed higher cognition at 12 months than the control group. Relationship-based interventions were supported through research with children with ASD, institutionalized children, and children who spent time in the NICU. Joint attention interventions were supported for use with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Peer-to-peer engagement interventions were supported with the use of computer activities, toys, etc. Instruction-based interventions demonstrated that specific instruction in socially appropriate behavior appears to have moderately positive effects on improving children's social competence.</div>

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Survey of Paediatric Occupational Therapists' Understanding of Developmental Coordinati... - 0 views

bjo.sagepub.com/...366.full.pdf+html

pediatric occupational therapy

shared by arikamarie on 08 Nov 15 - No Cached

arikamarie on 08 Nov 15

Evidence suggests that developmental coordination disorder (DCD) co-occurs with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS). Pediatric occupational therapists working with children with DCD need to consider the impact of co-occurring conditions on the children they assess and treat. A survey investigating the knowledge base and understanding relating to these conditions was conducted. The results showed that therapists (n = 225, response rate 23%) have an understanding of DCD; however, a more detailed knowledge of ADHD and JHS would allow them to consider the impact of the overlapping nature of these conditions. This highlights a training need to ensure understanding of these conditions and appropriate management.

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">Evidence suggests that developmental coordination disorder (DCD) co-occurs with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS). Pediatric occupational therapists working with children with DCD need to consider the impact of co-occurring conditions on the children they assess and treat. A survey investigating the knowledge base and understanding relating to these conditions was conducted. The results showed that therapists (n = 225, response rate 23%) have an understanding of DCD; however, a more detailed knowledge of ADHD and JHS would allow them to consider the impact of the overlapping nature of these conditions. This highlights a training need to ensure understanding of these conditions and appropriate management.</div>

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ADHD Therapy balls versus chairs - 0 views

Schilling, Washington, Billingsley, and Deitz (2003) conducted a study to determine the effect of therapy balls as seating options for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)....

Schilling D. L. Washington K. Billingsley F. & Deitz J. (2003). Classroom seating for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Therapy balls versus chairs. American Journal of Occupational 57 534-541.

started by beihlt on 08 Nov 15 no follow-up yet

Pragmatic Language Outcomes of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder A... - 0 views

This research article studied the effects of play-based interventions delivered by an occupational therapist and speech therapist collaboration and the parent on children with Attention Deficit Hyp...

https:__ajot.aota.org_article.aspx?articleid=2643584&resultClick=3

started by johnsk2 on 11 Aug 17 no follow-up yet

The Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool (BCAT): A new test emphasizing contextual memory, e... - 1 views

eds.a.ebscohost.com.proxy01.shawnee.edu/...pdfviewer

Occupational Therapy cognitive assessments

shared by jennburwell on 07 Nov 17 - No Cached

jennburwell on 07 Nov 17

The BCAT's utility for identifying dementia versus mild cognitive impairment was excellent, with a sensitivity of .99, a specificity of .77, and an area under the receiver-operatingcharacteristic (ROC) curve of .95. Executive control, contextual memory, and attentional capacity items were the best predictors of diagnostic category and of instrumental activities of daily living. From a clinical standpoint, it is recommended a BCAT cut score of 37/38 for differentiating between persons with dementia and those with MCI. This means that patients who have scores of 37 and below are likely to have dementia. This research utilized a population residing in assisted living facilities. Future studies should address a cut off for mild cognitive impairment and non-impaired and community dwelling adults.

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">The BCAT's utility for identifying dementia versus mild cognitive impairment was excellent, with a sensitivity of .99, a specificity of .77, and an area under the receiver-operatingcharacteristic (ROC) curve of .95. Executive control, contextual memory, and attentional capacity items were the best predictors of diagnostic category and of instrumental activities of daily living. From a clinical standpoint, it is recommended a BCAT cut score of 37/38 for differentiating between persons with dementia and those with MCI. This means that patients who have scores of 37 and below are likely to have dementia. This research utilized a population residing in assisted living facilities. Future studies should address a cut off for mild cognitive impairment and non-impaired and community dwelling adults.</div>

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Occupation-centred, occupation-based, occupation-focused: Same, same or different? - 0 views

This article aims to break apart three term often talked about interchangeably when talking, describing, or thinking about what we do as occupational therapists. The three terms are occupation-cen...

started by meglitwiller on 24 Oct 16 no follow-up yet

The application of an occupational therapy nutrition education programme for children w... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...pdf

shared by scamarata1 on 16 Oct 16 - No Cached

scamarata1 on 16 Oct 16

The study evaluated an occupational therapy nutrition education program for children who are obese with the use of two interactive games. A quasi-experimental study was carried out at a school Brazil. A convenient sample of 200 children ages 8-10 years old participated in the study. Data was collected through interviews, observation, and focus group, comparing two interactive games based on the food pyramid (video game and board game) used individually and then combined. Both play activities were efficient in the mediation of nutritional concepts, with a preference for the board game. The attention strategy was most applied at the video game. It was concluded that both games promoted the learning of nutritional concepts. It was also confirmed that the effectiveness of the games was also affected by the child's environment. This study needs further research and should be addressed with a larger sample size.

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">The study evaluated an occupational therapy nutrition education program for children who are obese with the use of two interactive games. A quasi-experimental study was carried out at a school Brazil. A convenient sample of 200 children ages 8-10 years old participated in the study. Data was collected through interviews, observation, and focus group, comparing two interactive games based on the food pyramid (video game and board game) used individually and then combined. Both play activities were efficient in the mediation of nutritional concepts, with a preference for the board game. The attention strategy was most applied at the video game. It was concluded that both games promoted the learning of nutritional concepts. It was also confirmed that the effectiveness of the games was also affected by the child's environment. This study needs further research and should be addressed with a larger sample size.</div>

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Executive Dysfunction and Depressive Symptoms Associated With Reduced Participation of ... - 0 views

Foster, E. R., Cunnane, K. B., Edwards, D. F., Morrison, M. T., Ewald, G. A., Geltman, E. M., & Zazulia, A. R. (2011). Executive Dysfunction and Depressive Symptoms Associated With Reduced Participation of People With Severe Congestive Heart Failure. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 65(3), 306-313. doi:10.5014/ajot.2011.000588

shared by scamarata1 on 16 Oct 16 - No Cached

scamarata1 on 16 Oct 16

The findings of this article showed that those with CHF reported significant reductions in participation in all four domains. The main domain was activity retention (leisure, IADLs and social). Results for depression, cognition, and participation showed that those with CHF have functioning problems and depressive symptoms were present. However, there was no correlation between memory and attention performance. This study was limited to the sample size because it was less than 30. It also stated few participants did not complete the study because of fatigue and scheduling issues, but it never stated how many dropped out. This may affect population validity of the study because it is unknown if there was mortality. Also, the 27 subjects used were all from the same hospital (convenient sample) and this may also pose a threat to population validity. The results of the study suggest that management of CHF should expand in focus from physical functioning and physically demanding activities to consider cognitive and psychological functioning in the context of all life situations. Occupational therapy can play a vital role in helping those with CHF and their psychosocial impairments (decreasing depression), while getting them back into the community and functioning in their everyday tasks, which may also reduce symptoms of depression. I used this article because the facility I'm at now admits a lot of cardiac patients and many have depressive symptoms as they are recovering from their cardiac impairments and returning to their everyday lives in the community.

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">The findings of this article showed that those with CHF reported significant reductions in participation in all four domains. The main domain was activity retention (leisure, IADLs and social). Results for depression, cognition, and participation showed that those with CHF have functioning problems and depressive symptoms were present. However, there was no correlation between memory and attention performance. This study was limited to the sample size because it was less than 30. It also stated few participants did not complete the study because of fatigue and scheduling issues, but it never stated how many dropped out. This may affect population validity of the study because it is unknown if there was mortality. Also, the 27 subjects used were all from the same hospital (convenient sample) and this may also pose a threat to population validity. The results of the study suggest that management of CHF should expand in focus from physical functioning and physically demanding activities to consider cognitive and psychological functioning in the context of all life situations. Occupational therapy can play a vital role in helping those with CHF and their psychosocial impairments (decreasing depression), while getting them back into the community and functioning in their everyday tasks, which may also reduce symptoms of depression. I used this article because the facility I'm at now admits a lot of cardiac patients and many have depressive symptoms as they are recovering from their cardiac impairments and returning to their everyday lives in the community.</div>

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Supervision - 1 views

Supervision in Occupational Therapy, Part 3: Accommodating the Supervisor and the Supervisee http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Paul_Webley/publication/233504276_Supervision_in_Occupational_Therap...

started by emking on 14 Nov 15 no follow-up yet

Occupational Therapy and School Mental Health - 0 views

http://www.aota.org/~/media/Corporate/Files/Practice/Children/Browse/School/Mental-Health/OT%20%20School%20Mental%20Health%20Fact%20Sheet%20for%20web%20posting%20102109.pdf?la=en This article prese...

started by beccaneffssu on 21 Nov 16 no follow-up yet

Rehabilitation of Cognitive Impairment Post Stroke - 0 views

This link provides research studies supporting the best approaches to treat multiple cognitive and perceptual impairments post stroke and identifies what assessments to use to appropriately test at...

http:__www.ebrsr.com_sites_default_files_Chapter%205_Rehabilitation%20of%20Cognitive%20Impairment%20Post%20Stroke_June%2018%202014.pdf

started by kday005 on 04 Aug 16 no follow-up yet

Utility of an Occupational Therapy Driving Intervention for a Combat Veteran - 0 views

ajot.aota.org/article.aspx

shared by allisonlarison on 11 Aug 16 - No Cached

allisonlarison on 11 Aug 16

This study aims to discover the impacts of an occupational therapy driving intervention with returning combat veterans. A single-subject design with three phases was used and conducted by a certified driving rehabilitation specialist. The three phases included a baseline pre-test, intervention with three 1-hr training sessions, and a post-test. Participants were recruited from several VA clinical in northern Florida. Inclusion criteria for participants included service in OEF or OIF, presence of a mTBI or orthopedic injury with PTSD, participation in driving prior to medical condition, valid driver's license residence in community, score of a least 24/30 on Mini-Mental State Examination. Outcome measures included the OT-CDRS and Optec 2500 for visual abilities, Useful Field of View for visual attention and processing speed, MMSE for general cognitive abilities, Trail-Making Test Part B for shifting, foot tap test for peddle control in car and right lower extremity ROM. One subject was selected and showed improvements in outcome measures. The subject showed improvements in visual search skills post-intervention. Patient also showed improvements in his appropriateness of searching skills post-intervention. Patient was also shown to improve on his on-road communication skills and recognition of need to inform other road users of intended actions. Although there were improvements in the veterans driving abilities, the threats to internal validity pose limitations to the study. The investigators intend to use data and address limitations in the hopes of conducting a random-controlled trial with more participants.

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">This study aims to discover the impacts of an occupational therapy driving intervention with returning combat veterans. A single-subject design with three phases was used and conducted by a certified driving rehabilitation specialist. The three phases included a baseline pre-test, intervention with three 1-hr training sessions, and a post-test. Participants were recruited from several VA clinical in northern Florida. Inclusion criteria for participants included service in OEF or OIF, presence of a mTBI or orthopedic injury with PTSD, participation in driving prior to medical condition, valid driver's license residence in community, score of a least 24/30 on Mini-Mental State Examination. Outcome measures included the OT-CDRS and Optec 2500 for visual abilities, Useful Field of View for visual attention and processing speed, MMSE for general cognitive abilities, Trail-Making Test Part B for shifting, foot tap test for peddle control in car and right lower extremity ROM. One subject was selected and showed improvements in outcome measures. The subject showed improvements in visual search skills post-intervention. Patient also showed improvements in his appropriateness of searching skills post-intervention. Patient was also shown to improve on his on-road communication skills and recognition of need to inform other road users of intended actions. Although there were improvements in the veterans driving abilities, the threats to internal validity pose limitations to the study. The investigators intend to use data and address limitations in the hopes of conducting a random-controlled trial with more participants.</div>

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Ethics - 3 views

As outlined in principle three in the Occupational Therapy Code of Ethics, occupational therapy personnel shall respect the right of the individual to self determination, privacy, confidentiality a...

started by kelseyanne44 on 29 Jul 15 no follow-up yet

Sensory integrative-based occupational therapy and functional outcomes in young childre... - 0 views

This study focuses on using SI with children who have been diagnosed with PDD. Both participants displayed significant improvements in the areas of social interaction, approach to new activities, r...

http:__www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov_pubmed_10200844