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Digital Badges: An Annotated Research Bibliography selected and annotated by Sheryl Grant and Kristan E. Shawgo and published on HASTAC on February 27, 2013. (Looking for the Badges for Learning Research collection? Click here.) This bibliography has been curated by Sheryl Grant, Director of Social Networking for the HASTAC/MacArthur Foundation Digital Media and Learning Competition, and PhD student at the School of Information and Library Science (SILS) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) and annotated by Kristan Shawgo, HASTAC Special Projects Manager and Ci-BER Library Liaison, and recent MSLS graduate from SILS at UNC-CH.  Why a Badges Bibliography? Following the  flood of response to the HASTAC/MacArthur Foundation's Badges for Lifelong Learning initiative in 2011, and the release of Mozilla's Open Badges Infrastructure, HASTAC decided to assemble this Badges Bibliography v.1 as a humble attempt to organize the universe of knowledge about digital badges. More importantly, we hope this bibliography will come to represent a cross-disciplinary approach that inspires questions, perspectives, and approaches to badges that reflect the inherently collaborative nature of badge systems.

"Le processus de Copenhague en Suisse La Suisse accueille favorablement et poursuit les objectifs du processus de Copenhague. Les bases sont notamment l'élaboration d'un cadre national des certifications pour les diplômes de la formation professionnelle (CNC-CH-FP), ainsi que le référencement par rapport au cadre européen des certifications pour l'éducation et la formation tout au long de la vie (CEC). La pertinence et la possibilité de mise en œuvre des autres instruments du processus de Copenhague est continuellement évaluée par le SEFRI. L'objectif consiste à positionner le système de formation professionnelle duale de la Suisse et en particulier la formation professionnelle supérieure au niveau international."

In Switzerland the majority of adolescents commence vocational education and training (VET) after lower-secondary education. There are VET programmes for some 230 different professions. In Switzerland, many professional qualifications are obtained in upper-secondary education, while in other countries the same qualifications are obtained in tertiary level education. The Swiss system with its dual-track VET programmes (apprenticeship) differs from most foreign systems of vocational and professional education and training. VET is predominantly based on a dual system: practical training (apprenticeship) on three to four days at a training company is supplemented by theoretical classes (vocational and general educational subjects) on one to two days at the VET school. In addition, the VET students attend inter-company courses, in which they enhance vocational practical skills. The vocational education and training (VET) can also be completed at a full-time vocational school. In the French-speaking and Italian-speaking parts of Switzerland, the proportion of full-time vocational schools is higher than in German-speaking Switzerland."

"Country Report on ICT in Education 2013 The key political goals in education are to safeguard Switzerland's position as the most competitive economy in the world at a time of increased uncertainty about the European and global economic outlook, and strengthen the quality of the education system, to assure permeability between different types of education and to facilitate mobility in education. Several developments are currently being realised, which will have a decisive influence on the Swiss education system in the coming years, particularly with regard to cooperation and harmonisation between the 26 cantons of the Swiss Confederation as the different education systems are a considerable barrier to mobility within the country."

"International Congress on Vocational and Professional Education and Training from 15 - 18 September 2014"

"Vocational Education and Training (VET) Two-thirds of young people in Switzerland benefit from the solid foundation provided by vocational education and training. The Confederation, the Cantons and professional organisations all contribute to the high standard of vocational education and training and strive to ensure that there is an adequate number of apprenticeship positions available. Vocational education and training forms the basis for life-long learning and serves as a gateway to numerous occupations."

"Vocational and professional education and training in Switzerland - Information films A skilled workforce is essential for Switzerland's appeal as a location for business. It is a key requirement if Switzerland is to rank among the world's leading economies. Vocational and professional education and training (VET/PET) is an integral part of this successful model. What is the basis for this success?"

"La HES-SO propose en partenariat avec l'Université de Genève la Validation des Acquis de l'Expérience dans la perspective de la formation tout au long de la vie. En reconnaissant les compétences acquises, dans le cadre d'activités professionnelles et associatives, la VAE permet une dispense partielle d'un programme de bachelor."

Addressing the challenges forsetting up apprentice­ ships/WBL in small­ and medium sized companies 7 January 2013 Swiss ACVT representatives: Heike Suter­Hoffmann (Government, SERI), Bruno Weber­Gobet (Trade Union), Jürg Zellweger (Employers), George Waardenburg (SERI) Antonio Silva Mendes, European Commission, DG Education & Culture

"Dual vocational training: a Swiss success story What do Sergio Ermotti and Monika Walser have in common? Not only are they CEOs of two internationally renowned Swiss companies - the banking giant UBS and iconic bag brand Freitag respectively - but they are also graduates of the Swiss dual vocational training system. Other top Swiss managers and leading professionals have also opted for the vocational route. But what is it about this system that allows it to produce a highly qualified and innovative workforce who help Switzerland maintain its position as a global economic powerhouse? swissworld.org unearths the secrets behind the success."

Learning for Jobs OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training