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THE NEED FOR A NEW, BIOPHYSICAL-BASED PARADIGM IN ECONOMICS FOR THE SECOND HALF OF THE AGE OF OIL

Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning* HORST W. J. RITTEL Professor of the Science of Design, University of California, Berkeley MELVIN M. WEBBER Professor of City Planning, University of California, Berkeley

In 1981, based on a decade of Club's [Club of Rome] research, Peccei wrote: "The future will either be the inspired product of a great cultural revival, or there will be no future" (Peccei, 1981).

Individual-intelligence research, from a neurological perspective, describes the cortex as a medium for performing conceptual abstraction and specification. This idea has been used to explain how motor-cortex regions responsible for different behavioral modalities such as writing and speaking can express the same general concept represented in the cortex. For example, the concept of a dog, abstractly represented in the higher-layers of the cortex, can either be written or spoken about depending on the context. Abstract models in the higher-layers propagate activation patterns down the cortical hierarchy to the desired region of the motor-cortex for worldly implementation. In this paper, the individual-intelligence framework is expanded to incorporate collective-intelligence within a hyper-cortical construct. This hyper-cortex is a multi-layered network used to represent abstract collective concepts. This collective-intelligence framework plays an important role in understanding how collective-intelligence systems can be engineered to handle collective problem-solving. To conclude the paper, five common problems in the scientific community are solved using an artificial hyper-cortex generated from digital-library metadata.

Among the activities that people participate in on the Social Web are argumentative discussions and decision making. This paper analyzes a series of use-cases (from the perspective of social media sites) that share the presence of such argumentative discussions and where the structure of online discussions can be represented in SIOC. Our goal is to externalize implicit argumentation structures hidden in the usergenerated content. For capturing it and making it explicit, we propose a SIOC Argumentation ontology module as a formal representation.

Multi-ontology sense making a new simplicity in decision making

This paper introduces the concept of phatic technology and analyses its role in modern society. A phatic technology is a technology that serves to establish, develop, and maintain human relationships. The primary function of this type of technology is to create a social context: its users form a social community with a collection of interactional goals, which may be relevant to all human interchanges in that social context.

a fishnet is a dynamic and heterarchic structure, described with the metaphor of a fisher's net, in a real organization? How to find knowledge and abilities which are fundamental in constructing such a structure?

But invariably, simple models and a lot of data trump more elaborate models based on less data."

COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE: Creating a Prosperous World at Peace