Group items tagged

single agent mitoxantrone or vinorelbine were recommended as reasonable choices

ACC is subdivided into 3 histological groups based on solid components of the tumor including cribriform, tubular, and solid

Cribriform and tubular ACCs usually exhibit a more indolent course, whereas the solid subtype is associated with worse prognosis

ACC consists of two different cell types: inner luminal epithelial cells and outer myoepithelial cells

epithelial cells express c-kit, cox-2 and Bcl-2

myoepithelial cells express EGFR and MYB

a balanced translocation of the v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog-nuclear factor I/B (MYB-NFIB) is considered to be a signature molecular event of ACC oncogenesis

As a transcription factor, MYB is known to modulate multiple genetic downstream targets involved in oncogenesis, such as cox-2, c-kit, Bcl-2 and BclX

Various signaling cascades are essential for cancer cells to survive and grow. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is one of them

This pathway regulates cell survival and growth and is upregulated in many cancers

Mutations in genes associated with DNA repair are frequently found in familial cancer syndromes, such as hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC), hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, also called Lynch syndrome) and Li-Fraumeni syndrome [30, 31]. These mutations were also reported in non-hereditary cancers

70% of ACC samples (58 of 84) were found to have genetic alterations in the MYB/MYC pathway, indicating that changes in this pathway are crucial in ACC pathogenesis

The second most frequently mutated pathway was involved in chromatin remodeling (epigenetic modification), a pathway that includes multiple histone related proteins, and was altered in 44% of samples

C-kit

VEGF, iNOS and NF-κB were noted to be highly expressed in ACC cells as compared to normal salivary gland cells

members of the SOX family, such as SOX 4 and SOX10, are overexpressed in ACC

FABP7 (Fatty acid binding protein 7) and AQP1 (Aquaporin 1) tend to be overexpressed in ACC cell lines

considerable variability in HER2 overexpression ranging from 0–58% in patients with ACC

the study with cetuximab and concurrent chemoradiation or chemotherapy showed the highest ORR (total 43%, 9.5% CR and 33% PR), but this regimen was only given to the EGFR positive patients

Cancer immunotherapy can be classified into 3 major groups. Active immunization using anti-tumor vaccines to induce and recruit T cells, passive immunization based on monoclonal antibodies, and adoptive cell transfer to expand tumor-reactive autologous T cells ex vivo and then reintroduce these cells into the same individual

LAK cells showed cytotoxicity against ACC cells

cytokine-induced cell apoptosis and the cytotoxic effect of the LAK cells contributed to tumor regression

molecular finding of the MYB-NFIB fusion gene has the greatest potential to target what appears to be a fundamental event in disease pathogenesis