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Nathan Goodyear

Branched-chain amino acids increase arterial blood ammonia in spite of enhanced intrins... - 0 views

ajpgi.physiology.org/...G269

BCAA branched chain amino acids NH3 ammonia liver disease cirrhosis alpha-ketoglutarate

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Feb 14
     
    Good review of the effects of BCAA on ammonia metabolism.  BCAA increase intramuscular NH3 production through the production of alpha-ketoglutarate.
Nathan Goodyear

Branched-chain amino acids and ammonia metabolism in liver disease: Therapeutic implica... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S0899900713000907

BCAA branched chain amino acids glutamate glutamic acid glutamine alpha-ketoglutarate NH3 ammonia liver disease cirrhosis

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Feb 14
     
    BCAA are low in patients with liver cirrhosis due to increased glutamate production from glutamine.  The addition of BCAA in these patients is not without side effects--increased NH3 production.  The addition of alpha ketoglutarate should alleviate this risk.
Nathan Goodyear

Glioblastoma Cells Require Glutamate Dehydrogenase to Survive Impairments of Glucose Me... - 0 views

cancerres.aacrjournals.org/...7986.full.pdf

cancer Glioblastoma EGCG glutamine glucose

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jun 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jun 13
     
    This article describes how important glutamine is as an alternative energy source in Glioblastoma. Cancer is a substrate-level dependent energy production disease. If one disrupts glycolysis as a source of energy, then many cancers will use glutamine through glutaminolysis. The cancer cells will do this through glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate production. This will increase alpha-ketoglutarate which will then feed the substrate-level phosphorylation through the TCA cycle. This study mentioned that EGCG is a way to naturally inhibit glutamate dehydrogenase.
Nathan Goodyear

Amino acid management in cancer - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4800996

amino acids cancer nutrition diet

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Mar 19 - No Cached
hoangkimchi liked it
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Mar 19
     
    Serine, glycine, glutamine, glutamate, asparagine upregulated in cancer. Most glutamine is converted to glutamate to drive alpha-ketoglutarate production to drive energy production. It also upregulates mTOR signaling.
Nathan Goodyear

We're Not "DON" Yet: Optimal Dosing and Prodrug Delivery of 6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC6130910

glutamine DON dosing cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 17 Mar 24 - No Cached
  • Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in blood
  • Rapidly proliferating healthy cells (GI epithelium, lymphocytes) or cells under physiologic stress have increased demand for glutamine
  • Glutamine is transported into cells by one of multiple amino acid transporters (e.g. ASCT2, BOAT2), several of which are thought to be upregulated in cancer cells
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • it is hydrolyzed to glutamate and ammonia by glutaminase (‘glutaminolysis’)
  • Glutamate, produced from glutamine by glutaminase and glutamine amidotransferase activities, may be further metabolized to alpha ketoglutarate and provide a carbon skeleton source for the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle)
  • Glutamine-derived glutamate is also involved in the synthesis of the reducing equivalent glutathione, vital to maintaining cellular redox status
  • Many tumors become largely dependent on glutamine to provide carbon and nitrogen building blocks needed for proliferation
  • In cancer model systems, Eagle and colleagues first demonstrated tumor cells in culture require supplementation with exogenous glutamine for efficient proliferation
  • It was subsequently shown that when deprived of glutamine tumor cells undergo apoptosis
  • The most well-characterized oncogene to regulate glutamine metabolism is MYC (9), which enhances glutaminase expression, upregulates glutamine transporters, and enhances glutamine utilization in energy production and biosynthesis
  • Other pro-tumorigenic regulators such as KRAS and mTOR, as well as tumor suppressors (p53, VHL) have also been associated with alterations in glutamine metabolism
  • Tumor cells are highly adaptable and alter nutrient uptake and metabolic networks to resist single agent glutaminase inhibition
  • cells in the microenvironment of several tumor types upregulate glutamine production, thereby enabling tumor cells to escape glutaminase inhibition
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