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Nathan Goodyear

Evolving landscape of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer t... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S0960977617300103

HER-2 breast cancer cancer herceptin Perjeta

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Aug 18 - No Cached
  • 15%–20%
  • key mediator of cell growth, differentiation, and survival
  • of higher histological grade and are more likely to invade axillary lymph nodes
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • shortened survival and an increased risk of disease recurrence and metastasis
  • Currently, four HER2-directed agents are approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ breast cancer: trastuzumab, pertuzumab, lapatinib, and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1)
  • biosimilars
  • trastuzumab may provide greater benefit when administered concurrently with chemotherapy rather than after, and this has become the standard approach
  • concurrent use of anthracyclines (ie, doxorubicin or epirubicin) and trastuzumab is not recommended because of an increased risk for cardiac toxicity
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 06 Aug 18
       
      avoid herceptin in conjuction with antracyclines i.e. doxorubicin
  • Sequential doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed by concomitant paclitaxel or docetaxel and trastuzumab is recommended for most patients
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 06 Aug 18
       
      top recommended regimen combination
  • Guidelines also recommend trastuzumab in combination with paclitaxel, docetaxel and carboplatin, or docetaxel and cyclophosphamide, particularly for patients with increased risk for cardiac toxicity or those with small (≤1 cm), node-negative HER2+ tumors
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 06 Aug 18
       
      good alternative in patients with increased risk of cardiac toxicity.
  • guidelines recommend up to 1 year of adjuvant trastuzumab
  • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with trastuzumab is associated with higher rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) than chemotherapy alone or in combination with lapatinib
  • the combination of trastuzumab, lapatinib, and chemotherapy is not recommended because it failed to demonstrate noninferiority versus trastuzumab and chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting
  • recommend the combination of trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment for patients with locally advanced HER2+ breast cancer and for some patients (node-positive or tumor ≥2 cm) with early-stage disease
  • neoadjuvant chemotherapy in combination with pertuzumab and trastuzumab reduced the risk of progression or death by 31% and recurrence or death by 40% versus trastuzumab alone
  • Concurrent chemotherapy and HER2-directed therapy improves survival outcomes over chemotherapy alon
  • dual inhibition of HER2 with trastuzumab and pertuzumab in combination with paclitaxel reduced the risk of death or progression by approximately 40% compared with concurrent trastuzumab and paclitaxel
  • the combination of trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and taxane chemotherapy is the preferred first-line regimen
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Aug 18
     
    HER-2 + breast cancer = appx 15-20% of all breast cancers and is a marker of worse prognosis and an indication for targeted immunotherapy blockade.
Nathan Goodyear

18FDG-PET/CT for predicting the outcome in ER+/HER2- breast cancer patients: comparison... - 0 views

breast-cancer-research.biomedcentral.com/...s13058-016-0793-2

PET scan cancer breast cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 18 - No Cached
  • our study confirms that baseline PET parameters measured before neoadjuvant treatment have prognostic values in ER+/HER2- locally advanced breast cancer patients
  • It has been suggested that high baseline 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) uptake assessed by high standardized uptake value (SUV) could be associated with poor prognostic factors such as the high histological grade [2] as well as worse survival
  • several teams observed that the change in SUV values early during neoadjuvant treatment could be a good indicator of pathological response and potentially outcome
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • others studies suggested that baseline 18FDG uptake, which would avoid performing a second examination, could also be of interest to predict patient outcome, especially in ER+/HER2- BC
  • ER+/HER2- BC has less intense 18FDG uptake than some other phenotypes such as TN carcinoma
  • Patients with high baseline 18FDG tumor uptake are at higher risk of early recurrence
  • The 3-year EFS was 78.4% in patients with baseline tumor SUVmax > 8.3 (vs. 94.0% in those with SUVmax ≤ 8.3)
  • event-free survival (EFS)
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 18
     
    Study finds benefit of PET scan in prognosis in ER+/HER2- breast cancers.
Nathan Goodyear

Role of cannabinoid receptor CB2 in HER2 pro-oncogenic signaling in breast cancer. - Pu... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...25855725

CB2 endocannabinoid HER2 HER-2 cancer breast cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Sep 18 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Sep 18
     
    CB2 overexpression found to upregulate HER2 expression in breast cancer.  This has prognostic and therapeutic value.
Nathan Goodyear

Small Molecule Antagonists of the Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signaling Pathway Target Breast Tumo... - 0 views

journals.plos.org/...article

cancer breast cancer Wnt HER2

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Mar 18 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 Mar 18
     
    The Wnt/Beta-Catenin pathway found to be involved in breast cancer initiation in in Vitro and in Vivo study of Her2/Neu study.
Nathan Goodyear

Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) in Cancers: Overexpression and Therapeu... - 0 views

www.hindawi.com/...852748

HER2 cancer breast cancer oncogene oncogenes

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Feb 18 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Feb 18
     
    Good overall review of the HER2 oncogene
Nathan Goodyear

Interleukin‐2 enhances the natural killer cell response to Herceptin‐coated H... - 1 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...%3AAID-IMMU3016%3E3.0.CO%3B2-J

IL-2 breast cancer cancer NK cells HER-2 immunotherapy

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Jun 18 - No Cached
  • administration of low‐dose IL‐2 results in expansion of a CD3– / CD56+ NK cell population in patients with advanced cancer
  • approximately 20 % will overexpress theHer2 / neu proto‐oncogene
  • In breast cancer, Her2 / neu overexpression is associated with a worse histologicalgrade, decreased relapse‐free and overall survival periods, and altered sensitivity to chemotherapeutic regimens
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • NK cells are large granular lymphocytes that comprise approximately 10 % of circulating lymphocytes
  • all human NK cells express the CD56 antigen
  • treatment with various concentrations of IL‐2 in vivo may induce distinct functions within the NK cell compartment and, therefore, may have profound effects on NK cell‐mediated cytotoxicity
  • CD56bright
  • CD56dim
  • We show here that ADCC conducted by NK cells in vitro is enhanced by IL‐2 activation and is critically dependent on interactions between FcγRIII on NK cells and Herceptin‐coated tumor targets
  • administration of low‐dose IL‐2 to patients results in the marked expansion of a CD56+ population of immune effectors with the ability to lyse antibody‐coated cancer targets
  • NK cells represented only 7 % of lymphocytes prior to therapy but comprised over 50 % of the population after 10 weeks of low‐dose IL‐2
  • These data suggest that the enhanced ADCC seen following the expansion of NK cells with low‐dose IL‐2 is likely due to an increase in the overall number of NK cells
  • co‐administration of IL‐2 with rhu4D5 mAb will enhance activation of NK cell effector functions
  • Stimulation of NK cells with IL‐2 resulted in a significant increase in the lysis of rhu4D5‐coated targets
  • We have shown that costimulation with IL‐2 plus rhu4D5 results in significant production of IFN‐γ by NK cells with concomitant up‐regulation of cell‐surface activation and adhesion molecules
  • It has been previously demonstrated that continuous low‐dose IL‐2 can expand a CD56+ lymphocyte population, and we have now shown that this cell population is a potent mediator of ADCC against rhu4D5 mAb‐coated Her2 / neu+ targets
  • These results suggest that administration of low‐dose IL‐2 can be used to expand NK cell numbers, while higher doses may be used to enhance their cytolytic capacity in the setting of mAb therapy
  • we have demonstrated that NK cell lysis of Her2 / neu+ breast cancer cell lines in the presence of rhu4D5 mAb is markedly enhanced following stimulation with IL‐2
  • we have presented evidence that administration of low‐dose IL‐2 in vivo results in the expansion of a potent NK cell effector population
  • Our experiments suggest that NK cells costimulated with IL‐2 and immobilized IgG can secrete potent immunomodulatory cytokines which may serve to potentiate the anti‐tumor immune response.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Jun 18
     
    low dose IL-2 found to expand NK levels in conjuction in with herceptin in HER-2 positive breast cancer cell lines.
Nathan Goodyear

Ki-67 is a prognostic parameter in breast cancer patients: results of a large populatio... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3669503

ki-67 cancer breast cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Sep 18 - No Cached
  • A wide range of techniques is available to assess tumor cell proliferation such as calculating mitotic figures in stained tissue segments, flow cytometric analysis to determine the proportion of cells being in the S phase of the cell cycle, examination of thymidine-labeling index, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), or cyclins E and D
  • Ki-67 is a nuclear protein being associated with cellular proliferation and was originally identified by Gerdes et al.
  • Ki-67 nuclear antigen is expressed in certain phases of the cell cycle namely S, G1, G2, and M phases, but is nonexisting in G0
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • Ki-67 is also expressed at low levels (<3 % of cells) in ER-negative cells, but not in ER-positive cells
  • A meta-analysis involving 12,155 patients demonstrated that the Ki-67 positivity confers a higher risk of recurrence and a worse survival rate in patients with early breast cancer.
  • high levels of Ki-67 are associated with worse prognoses
  • Ki-67 was associated with worse survival rates
  • associated with proliferation
  • higher tumor stages and higher nodal status were associated with higher Ki-67 quartiles indicating that the more aggressive the tumor is the higher is the percentage of cells positively stained for Ki-67
  • Previous studies were able to demonstrate that a prognostic model, the IHC 4 score, using ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67 provides similar prognostic information to that in the 21-gene Genomic Health recurrence score
  • ER status has been largely identified as being inversely correlated with Ki-67, with the higher rates of ER positivity shown in the lowest proliferating tumors
  • high levels of Ki-67 are associated with HER2/-neu positivity according to former studies
  • higher values of Ki-67-labeling index were associated with adverse prognostic factors
  • Ki-67-labeling index was associated with larger tumors, higher tumor grade, peritumoral vascular invasion, and HER-2 positivity
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Sep 18
     
     Increased disease free survival and overall survival in people with breast cancer with ki-67 <15%
Nathan Goodyear

Inborn-like errors of metabolism are determinants of breast cancer risk, clinical respo... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC6114970

cancer metabolism breast cancer glutamine glutamate aspartate oncogenes

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Sep 18 - No Cached
  • We now recognize that human cancers evolve in an environment of metabolic stress. Rapidly proliferating tumor cells deprived of adequate oxygen, nutrients, hormones and growth factors up-regulate pathways that address these deficiencies to overcome hypoxia (HIF), vascular insufficiency (VEGF), growth factor deprivation (EGFR, HER2) and the loss of hormonal support (ER, PR, AR) all to enhance survival and proliferation
  • RAS, PI3K, TP53 and MYC
  • The results suggest that breast cancer could be preceded by systemic subclinical disturbances in glucose-insulin homeostasis characterized by mild, likely asymptomatic, IEM-like biochemical changes
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • The process would include variable periods of hyperinsulinemia with the consequent systemic MYC activation of glycolysis, glutaminolysis, structural lipidogenesis and further exacerbation of hypoglycemia, the result of MYC's known role as an inhibitor of liver gluconeogenesis
  • The metabolic changes we describe in breast cancer arise in concert with IEM-like changes in oxidative phosphorylation as detected by increased values of the ratio lactate/pyruvate (Supplementary Table 2A, 2B) characteristic of Ox/Phos deficiency [25]. In our study, 76% (70/92) of the European breast cancer patients had lactate/pyruvate ratios values higher than the normal value of 25.8
  • four-fold higher frequency of cancer (including breast) in patients with energy metabolism disorders
  • growing recognition that cancer cells differ from their normal counterparts in their use of nutrients, synthesis of biomolecules and generation of energy
  • glutamine concentrations in the cancer patients were reduced to nearly 1/8 of the levels observed in the normal population
  • blood concentrations of aspartate (p = 1.7e-67, FDR = 8.3e-67) (Figure ​(Figure1E)1E) and glutamate (p = 6.4e-96, FDR = 6.2e-95) (Figure ​(Figure1F)1F) were nearly 10 fold higher than the normal ranges of 0–5 μM/L and 40 μM/L, respectively
  • glutamine consumption associated with parallel increases in glutamate and aspartate (Figure ​(Figure1A1A red arrows) is considered a hallmark of MYC-driven “glutaminolysis”
  • Gln/Glu ratio inversely correlates with i- late stage metabolic syndrome and with ii- increased chance of death
  • changes in glutamine consumption, reflected by the Gln/Glu ratio could provide a metabolic link between breast cancer initiation and diabetes, reflective of a systemic metabolic reprogramming from glucose to glutamine as the preferred source of precursors for biosynthetic reactions and cellular energy
  • lower Gln/Glu ratios inversely correlated with insulin resistance and the risk of diabetes
  • the metabolic dependencies of cancer characterized by excessive glycolysis, glutaminolysis and malignant lipidogenesis, previously considered a consequence of local tumor DNA aberration [23] could, instead, represent a systemic biochemical aberration that predates and very likely promotes tumorigenesis
  • these metabolic disturbances would be expected to remain extant after therapeutic interventions
  • accumulation of very long chain acylcarnitines such as C14:1-OH (p = 0.0, FDR = 0.0), C16 (p = 0.0, FDR = 0.0), C18 (p = 0.0, FDR = 0.0) and C18:1 (p = 1.73e-322, FDR = 1.16-321) and lipids containing VLCFA (lysoPC a C28:0) (p = 1.14-e95, FDR = 1.65e-95) in the blood of breast and colon cancer patients
  • Among the most powerful metabolic equations for MYC-activation is that which links the widely used MYC-driven desaturation marker ratio of SFA/MUFA to the MYC glutaminolysis-associated ratio of (Asp/Gln)
  • liver dysfunction shares many features with both IEM and cancer suggesting a role for hepatic dysfunction in carcinogenesis
  • cancer “conscripts” the human genome to meet its needs under conditions of systemic metabolic stress
  • Nathan Goodyear on 24 Sep 18
     
    Breast cancer is a metabolic disease.  Now, where have I heard that cancer is a metabolic disease?
Nathan Goodyear

Adenoid cystic carcinoma: current therapy and potential therapeutic advances based on g... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4741919

adenoid cystic carcinoma

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Oct 18 - No Cached
  • Cisplatin and 5-FU or CAP (cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide) regimens can be used for combination chemotherapy
  • patients with advanced salivary gland malignancy treated with the CAP regimen achieved partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) rates of 67% (8 out of 12 patients)
  • Agents commonly given as monotherapy for treating ACC are cisplatin, mitoxantrone, epirubicin, vinorelbine, paclitaxel, and gemcitabine. However, few of these agents have shown efficacy
  • ...23 more annotations...
  • single agent mitoxantrone or vinorelbine were recommended as reasonable choices
  • ACC is subdivided into 3 histological groups based on solid components of the tumor including cribriform, tubular, and solid
  • Cribriform and tubular ACCs usually exhibit a more indolent course, whereas the solid subtype is associated with worse prognosis
  • ACC consists of two different cell types: inner luminal epithelial cells and outer myoepithelial cells
  • epithelial cells express c-kit, cox-2 and Bcl-2
  • myoepithelial cells express EGFR and MYB
  • a balanced translocation of the v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog-nuclear factor I/B (MYB-NFIB) is considered to be a signature molecular event of ACC oncogenesis
  • As a transcription factor, MYB is known to modulate multiple genetic downstream targets involved in oncogenesis, such as cox-2, c-kit, Bcl-2 and BclX
  • Various signaling cascades are essential for cancer cells to survive and grow. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is one of them
  • This pathway regulates cell survival and growth and is upregulated in many cancers
  • Mutations in genes associated with DNA repair are frequently found in familial cancer syndromes, such as hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC), hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, also called Lynch syndrome) and Li-Fraumeni syndrome [30, 31]. These mutations were also reported in non-hereditary cancers
  • 70% of ACC samples (58 of 84) were found to have genetic alterations in the MYB/MYC pathway, indicating that changes in this pathway are crucial in ACC pathogenesis
  • The second most frequently mutated pathway was involved in chromatin remodeling (epigenetic modification), a pathway that includes multiple histone related proteins, and was altered in 44% of samples
  • C-kit
  • VEGF, iNOS and NF-κB were noted to be highly expressed in ACC cells as compared to normal salivary gland cells
  • members of the SOX family, such as SOX 4 and SOX10, are overexpressed in ACC
  • FABP7 (Fatty acid binding protein 7) and AQP1 (Aquaporin 1) tend to be overexpressed in ACC cell lines
  • considerable variability in HER2 overexpression ranging from 0–58% in patients with ACC
  • the study with cetuximab and concurrent chemoradiation or chemotherapy showed the highest ORR (total 43%, 9.5% CR and 33% PR), but this regimen was only given to the EGFR positive patients
  • Cancer immunotherapy can be classified into 3 major groups. Active immunization using anti-tumor vaccines to induce and recruit T cells, passive immunization based on monoclonal antibodies, and adoptive cell transfer to expand tumor-reactive autologous T cells ex vivo and then reintroduce these cells into the same individual
  • LAK cells showed cytotoxicity against ACC cells
  • cytokine-induced cell apoptosis and the cytotoxic effect of the LAK cells contributed to tumor regression
  • molecular finding of the MYB-NFIB fusion gene has the greatest potential to target what appears to be a fundamental event in disease pathogenesis
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Oct 18
     
    good review of adenoid cystic carcinoma
Nathan Goodyear

The current state and future perspectives of cannabinoids in cancer biology - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC5852356

Cancer CBD THC cannabinoids

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Sep 18 - No Cached
hoangkimchi liked it
  • The activation of each of them leads to an inhibition of adenylyl cyclase via G proteins (Gi/o), which in turn activates many metabolic pathways such as mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3‐kinase pathway (PI3K), cyclooxygenase‐2 pathway (COX‐2), accumulation of ceramide, modulation of protein kinase B (Akt), and ion channels
  • phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids
  • Action of THC in human organism relies on mimicking endogenous agonists of CB receptors—endocannabinoids
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • The upregulated expression of CB receptors and the elevated levels of endocannabinoids have been observed in a variety of cancer cells (skin, prostate, and colon cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, endometrial sarcoma, glioblastoma multiforme, meningioma and pituitary adenoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, chemically induced hepatocarcinoma, mantel cell lymphoma)
  • concentration of endocannabinoids, expression level of their receptors, and the enzymes involved in their metabolism frequently are associated with an aggressiveness of cancer
  • CB2 receptor contributes to human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) pro‐oncogenic signaling and an overexpression of CB2 increases susceptibility for leukemia development after leukemia viral infection
  • endocannabinoid‐degrading enzymes are upregulated in cancer cell lines and in human tumors
  • Many cannabinoids, ranging from phytocannabinoids (THC, CBD), endocannabinoids (2‐arachidonoylglycerol, anandamide), to synthetic cannabinoids (JWH‐133, WIN‐55,212‐2), have shown ability to inhibit proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis in a variety of models of cancer
  • Despite some inconsistent data, the main effect of cannabinoids in a tumor is the inhibition of cancer cells’ proliferation and induction of cancer cell death by apoptosis
  • CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists stimulate apoptotic cell death in glioma cells by induction of de novo synthesis of ceramide, sphingolipid with proapoptotic activity
  • process of autophagy is upstream of apoptosis in mechanism of cell death induced by cannabinoids
Nathan Goodyear

Ivermectin: enigmatic multifaceted 'wonder' drug continues to surprise and exceed expec... - 0 views

www.nature.com/ja201711

Ivermectin cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 18 - No Cached
  • The avermectins are known to possess pronounced antitumor activity
  • Over the past few years, there have been steadily increasing reports that ivermectin may have varying uses as an anti-cancer agent, as it has been shown to exhibit both anti-cancer and anti-cancer stem cell properties
  • In human ovarian cancer and NF2 tumor cell lines, high-dose ivermectin inactivates protein kinase PAK1 and blocks PAK1-dependent growth
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • PAK1 is essential for the growth of more than 70% of all human cancers, including breast, prostate, pancreatic, colon, gastric, lung, cervical and thyroid cancers, as well as hepatoma, glioma, melanoma, multiple myeloma and for neurofibromatosis tumors
  • Ivermectin suppresses breast cancer by activating cytostatic autophagy, disrupting cellular signaling in the process, probably by reducing PAK1 expression
  • Cancer stem cells are a key factor in cancer cells developing resistance to chemotherapies and these results indicate that a combination of chemotherapy agents plus ivermectin could potentially target and kill cancer stem cells, a paramount goal in overcoming cancer
  • Triple-negative breast cancers, which lack estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors, account for 10–20% of breast cancers and are associated with poor prognosis
  • Ivermectin addition led to transcriptional modulation of genes associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition and maintenance of a cancer stem cell phenotype in triple-negative breast cancers cells, resulting in impairment of clonogenic self-renewal in vitro and inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis in vivo
  • Ivermectin-induced cytostatic autophagy also leads to suppression of tumor growth in breast cancer xenografts, causing researchers to believe there is scope for using ivermectin to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation and that the drug is a potential treatment for breast cancer
  • ivermectin synergizes with the chemotherapy agents cytarabine and daunorubicin to induce cell death in leukemia cells
  • Ivermectin inhibits proliferation and increases apoptosis of various human cancers
  • Activation of WNT-TCF signaling is implicated in multiple diseases, including cancers of the lungs and intestine,
  • A new screening system has found that ivermectin inhibits the expression of WNT-TCF targets
  • It represses the levels of C-terminal β-catenin phosphoforms and of cyclin D1 in an okadaic acid-sensitive manner, indicating its action involves protein phosphatases
  • In vivo, ivermectin selectively inhibits TCF-dependent, but not TCF-independent, xenograft growth without side effects
  • ivermectin has an exemplary safety record, it could swiftly become a useful tool as a WNT-TCF pathway response blocker to treat WNT-TCF-dependent diseases, encompassing multiple cancers.117
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Mar 18
     
    Ivermectin shows promise and usefullness in several cancer types.  This is a review article.
Nathan Goodyear

Trastuzumab and Interleukin-2 in HER2-positive Metastatic Breast Cancer | Clinical Canc... - 0 views

clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/...2440

breast cancer cancer herceptin IL-2 immunotherapy trastuzumab

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Jun 18 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Jun 18
     
    Herceptin and IL-2 increase NK cell expansion when used in conjunction.  The IL-2 was the low dose protocol for 7 weeks.
Nathan Goodyear

The anti-malarial drug artesunate causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of triple-nega... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...30660598

breast cancer cancer artesunate

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Jul 19 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 Jul 19
     
    ART inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation via a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent G2/M arrest and ROS-independent G1 arrest. ART-treated MDA-MB-468 and SK-BR-3 cells also experienced apoptotic cell death, which was both ROS- and iron-dependent. ART-induced oxidative stress caused the loss of mitochondrial outer membrane integrity and damage to the cellular DNA of MDA-MB-468 and SK-BR-3 cells. Only abstract available...I will post full article once available.
Nathan Goodyear

Abstract GS2-06: Phase Ib/II study evaluating safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab and ... - 0 views

cancerres.aacrjournals.org/...GS2-06

PD-L1 breast cancer keytruda herceptin

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 25 May 21 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 25 May 21
     
    The addition of keytruda to herceptin in herceptin resistant breast cancer shown to b safe and effective in small pilot trial; only abstract available here.
Nathan Goodyear

High expression of ACE2 in HER2 subtype of breast cancer is a marker of poor prognosis - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC7825889

ACE2 breast cancer HER-2

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Nov 21 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Nov 21
     
    Decrease survival in breast cancer with HER-2+. Makes since when one understands HER-2
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