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umair222

Best Perfumes in Pakistan | Men Fashion | Men Perfumes | Perfume Collection | Top 5 #be... - 0 views

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shared by umair222 on 30 Mar 23 - No Cached
  • umair222 on 30 Mar 23
     
    Sauvage Eau de Parfum: "Discover the intense and captivating scent of Sauvage Eau de Parfum by Dior. This fragrance for men features a blend of powerful and sophisticated notes, including bergamot, Sichuan pepper, lavender, and vanilla. With its long-lasting scent and masculine character, Sauvage Eau de Parfum is the perfect choice for any occasion." Order Now https://plazza.pk/product/sauvage-dio... Tom Ford London Perfume: "Experience the luxurious and sophisticated scent of Tom Ford London perfume. This unisex fragrance features notes of oud wood, patchouli, and incense, creating a warm and inviting aroma that is perfect for the cooler months. With its elegant and refined character, Tom Ford London is the perfect addition to any fragrance collection." Order Now https://plazza.pk/product/tom-ford-lo... Versace Dylan Blue Perfume: "Indulge in the seductive and captivating scent of Versace Dylan Blue perfume. This fragrance for men features notes of grapefruit, fig leaves, and violet, creating a fresh and vibrant aroma that is perfect for everyday wear. With its masculine and modern character, Versace Dylan Blue is the perfect choice for the confident and stylish man." Order Now https://plazza.pk/product/versace-dyl... Versace Eros Flame Perfume: "Experience the intense and passionate scent of Versace Eros Flame perfume. This fragrance for men features notes of black pepper, orange blossom, and tonka bean, creating a bold and powerful aroma that is perfect for the evening. With its warm and sensual character, Versace Eros Flame is the perfect choice for the modern and confident man." Order Now https://plazza.pk/product/versace-ero... Dolce & Gabbana The Only One: "Discover the unique and alluring scent of Dolce & Gabbana The Only One perfume. This fragrance for women features notes of bergamot, violet, and coffee, creating a warm and sensual aroma that is perfect for any occasion. With its feminine and sophisticated character, Dolce & Gabbana The Only One is the
fnfdoc

How To Prevent Diabetes Type 2 | Your Health Our Priority - 0 views

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Diabetes Mellitus risk Type 1 2

shared by fnfdoc on 19 May 18 - No Cached
  • fnfdoc on 19 May 18
     
    How To Prevent Diabetes Type 2? You have just discovered that you are prediabetic. You can take meaningful steps to reduce your risk of diabetes. You can actually prevent diabetes simply by changing what you eat and how you invest in your physical health. The ball, my friend, is still in your court.
  • fnfdoc on 19 May 18
     
    How To Prevent Diabetes Type 2? You have just discovered that you are prediabetic. You can take meaningful steps to reduce your risk of diabetes. You can actually prevent diabetes simply by changing what you eat and how you invest in your physical health. The ball, my friend, is still in your court.
Nathan Goodyear

Cancer Chemopreventive Activity of Xanthohumol, a Natural Product Derived fro... - 0 views

mct.aacrjournals.org/...959.long

xanthohumol antioxidant hops flavonoid cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Jan 13
     
    Xanthohumol, a relatively newly discovered flavonoid from Hops. Xanthohumol has been show to possess anti-tumor activity: anti-inflammatory activity , antioxidant, anti-proliferative activity.
Phiten Singapore

Christmas Discount by Phiten - 0 views

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shared by Phiten Singapore on 19 Dec 16 - No Cached
  • Phiten Singapore on 19 Dec 16
     
    Save 50% on every second Purchase of Get 50% off on your second purchase of #Phiten #ElbowSupporter or #KneeSupporter Soft Type. Visit our stores for enjoying other deals to finish your Christmas shopping. Discover which one #Phiten Store is nearest you: https://phitensg.com/store-locations/
wheelchairindia9

Wheelchair Pediatric - 0 views

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Electric Wheelchair For Increased Independence foot rests and four wheels large wheels at the back strengths and environment propelled by a motor comfortable and functional stretching abdominal muscle

shared by wheelchairindia9 on 14 May 15 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 14 May 15
     
    When it comes to wheelchairs, young children have a different set of needs than adults. Aesthetically, devices designed for kids are often sleek and colorful, and functionally, they are typically lightweight and adjustable. As any parent knows, young people don't stay the same size for long and since a wheelchair is a major purchase don't want a simple growth spurt to render it useless. That's why kids wheelchair category offers models that feature seat width and depth adjustability, elevating legrests, and other versatile features. Pediatric walkers differ from adult walkers in several ways. For one, walking aids for children are usually adjustable, taking growth patterns into account; but many models also provide gait training and postural correction. Those caring for kids in their formative years must be concerned about more than just the young person's mobility, they must also consider their development. Cerebral Palsy Wheelchair: Cerebral Palsy Wheelchair Description: The model designed for cerebral palsy child only. Ultra light weight aluminium alloy frame Seat Width 38 cms (15") Net Weight: 18.5 kgs Epoxy powder coated frame Detachable arm rest & foot rest provided Elevated and swinging foot rest Elevated foot rest provided to elevate leg angle Height adjustable and detachable head rest Hydraulic reclining high back for a comfortable posture Hydraulic adjustable seat angle Detachable back and seat pad Extra cushion upholstery provided to under arm, head & calg Foldable Lever and paddle brakes provided Safety belt provided Maintenance free rear solid wheels Cloth look like water proof upholstery Anti wheels for better safety and stability Extra cushion upholstery provided to under arm, head & leg Folding action Lever and paddle brakes provided Safety belt provided Maintenance free rear solid wheels Cerebral Palsy Wheelchair Recline system: Recline system provides kids with the most comfortable resting environme
Willow O'Donnell

Discovering The Free Flow Administration In IV Pumps | Willow Medical - 0 views

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Buy IV pumps

shared by Willow O'Donnell on 11 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • Willow O'Donnell on 11 Dec 14
     
    Infusion pumps have gained a lot of popularity in the medical community lately. The medical device is available in different varieties, depending on why you need to buy IV pumps.
fnfdoc

Symptoms And Causes Of Diverticulitis | Health Blog - 0 views

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Diverticulitis avoid foods Causes Risk Factors Symptoms

shared by fnfdoc on 08 Jun 18 - No Cached
  • fnfdoc on 08 Jun 18
     
    What is diverticulitis and what signs and symptoms occur when you have diverticulitis? What Foods You Should Eat If You Have Diverticulitis and what you should not eat when you discovered you have diverticulitis. Described many causes in this article if you are looking for causes of diverticulitis.
  • fnfdoc on 08 Jun 18
     
    Diverticulitis is a very serious medical condition. It causes inflamed pouches in the lining of your intestine. It is a very serious medical condition that causes infection or inflammation of small pouches in the lining of your intestine that is known as diverticula that develop along the walls of the intestines.
spineneuro

Dr Vipul Gupta Artemis Makes Interventional Neuroradiology Simpler And Pain Free - 101 ... - 0 views

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Dr. Vipul Gupta Artemis Dr. Vipul Gupta interventional neuroradiology Best Interventional Neurologist in Delhi India

shared by spineneuro on 16 Dec 21 - No Cached
  • spineneuro on 16 Dec 21
     
    Dr. Vipul Gupta Artemis said, "Our researchers take part in tasks that discover a couple of factors of interventional neuroradiology, with selected attention at the layout of intracranial stents. Dr. Vipul Gupta Director- Neurointerventional Surgery Email: dr.vipulgupta@neurospinehospital.com Phone No.: +91-9325887033
forestgood

Cheap Flights, Airline Tickets & Airfares - Find Deals on Flights at WayAway.io - 0 views

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hotel

shared by forestgood on 15 Aug 23 - No Cached
  • forestgood on 15 Aug 23
     
    Here's some additional information about the specific hotels and brand offers available through our platform: Hotels: Our handpicked selection of hotels caters to a variety of tastes and preferences. Whether you're seeking a tranquil beachfront retreat, a vibrant city center stay, or a cozy countryside escape, we have partnered with top-notch establishments to ensure a memorable experience. Each hotel offers unique amenities, luxurious accommodations, and exceptional service, ensuring your stay is nothing short of extraordinary. Tickets: Our ticket offerings encompass a wide range of events and attractions. From sports games and concerts to theater performances and cultural exhibitions, we provide access to sought-after experiences. With our ticket deals, you can secure coveted seats, enjoy VIP access, and immerse yourself in the excitement of live entertainment. Enhance your travel itinerary with unforgettable memories. Brand Offers: We have collaborated with renowned brands to bring you exclusive offers and promotions across various industries. From fashion and beauty to technology and lifestyle, our brand partners have crafted special deals tailored to our community. Enjoy discounts, unique packages, and access to limited-edition products, elevating your everyday life with exceptional quality and value. By going straight to the product page, our platform ensures a streamlined and user-friendly experience. This allows you to explore the details, features, and pricing of each hotel, ticket, or brand offer directly, increasing the convenience and efficiency of your purchase process. Discover extraordinary accommodations, secure tickets to unforgettable events, and indulge in exclusive brand offers through our platform. Begin your journey and unlock remarkable experiences today! VISIT THIS BY CLICKING HERE: https://sharecta.com/l/40x4cx4xarc44
spineneuro

Discover the Expertise of Dr. Paresh Doshi at Jaslok Hospital Mumbai - 0 views

www.101pressrelease.com/oshi-at-jaslok-hospital-mumbai

Top Neurosurgeon at Jaslok Hospital Mumbai Dr. Paresh Doshi Deep Brain Stimulation Neurosurgeon

shared by spineneuro on 15 Jul 23 - No Cached
  • spineneuro on 15 Jul 23
     
    Top neurosurgeon at Jaslok Hospital Mumbai provides comprehensive, superior quality, cutting edge, specialty care in a compassionate and efficient manner. Over 90% success rate is achieved on patients suffering from Parkinson's disease by Dr. Paresh Doshi.
spineneuro

Discover the Expertise of Manipal Hospital's Top Spine Specialist in Bangalore - 0 views

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top spine specialist at Manipal Hospital Bangalore Dr. Vidyadhara Dr. Vidyadhara Manipal Bangalore contact Dr. Vidyadhara Manipal Bangalore

shared by spineneuro on 02 Jul 23 - No Cached
  • spineneuro on 02 Jul 23
     
    The top spine specialist at Manipal Hospital Bangalore can handle every spine issue from the very simple to the extremely complex, seamlessly, all within the same health system. Patients who contact Dr. Vidyadhara Manipal Bangalore receive his spine surgery packages which have earned the best spine surgeon in Bangalore a patient satisfaction score of 96 and a patient recommendation score of 97 out of 100.
spineneuro

Top 10 Brain Specialist Doctor in World Perform First-in-India Robot-Assisted Neuro Sur... - 0 views

www.briefingwire.com/...a-robot-assisted-neuro-surgery

Top 10 brain specialist doctors in World brain tumor surgeries Brain Tumor Surgery in India Brain Tumor Surgery

shared by spineneuro on 14 Dec 21 - No Cached
  • spineneuro on 14 Dec 21
     
    Top 10 brain specialist doctors in India conducted the world's first robot-assisted neurosurgery. They are one of the few surgeons within the world to discover a unique interest in complex brain tumor surgeries and have successfully operated on a large number of brain tumor patients. Brain Tumor Surgery in India International Helpline Number : +91-9325887033 Email id: enquiry@spineandneurosurgeryhospitalindia.com
Nathan Goodyear

ScienceDirect.com - Physiology & Behavior - Effects of leptin and orexin-A on food inta... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S0031938400003413

leptin orexins appetite

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 May 13 - No Cached
  • orexin-A and orexin-B, localized in the posterior and lateral hypothalamic perifornical region were discovered in the rat brain and they increase food intake
  • Leptin, a protein encoded by an obesity gene, expressed in adipose tissue and released into the blood also affects food intake
  • Nathan Goodyear on 28 May 13
     
    Leptin and orexins regulate appetite regulate food intake.
Nathan Goodyear

Stanford scientists discover multitude of drug side effects, interactions using new com... - 0 views

med.stanford.edu/...offsides.html

stanford side effects medicine prescription drugs

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 05 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 05 Apr 12
     
    A proper title would have been, "are the drugs your are taking killing you?"
Nathan Goodyear

JSTOR: Epidemiology, Vol. 13, No. 4 (Jul., 2002), pp. 454-458 - 0 views

www.jstor.org/...3703770

DDE environmental toxins low T testosterone men endocrine disruptors

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 May 12
     
    High DDE levels in African American men associated with a 23% lower Testosteone levels
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone and the Cardiovascular System: A Comprehensive Review of the Clinical Lite... - 0 views

jaha.ahajournals.org/...e000272.full

Testosterone men male cardiovascular disease low T

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Low endogenous bioavailable testosterone levels have been shown to be associated with higher rates of all‐cause and cardiovascular‐related mortality.39,41,46–47 Patients suffering from CAD,13–18 CHF,137 T2DM,25–26 and obesity27–28
  • have all been shown to have lower levels of endogenous testosterone compared with those in healthy controls. In addition, the severity of CAD15,17,29–30 and CHF137 correlates with the degree of testosterone deficiency
  • In patients with CHF, testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to significantly improve exercise tolerance while having no effect on LVEF
  • ...66 more annotations...
  • testosterone therapy causes a shift in the skeletal muscle of CHF patients toward a higher concentration of type I muscle fibers
  • Testosterone replacement therapy has also been shown to improve the homeostatic model of insulin resistance and hemoglobin A1c in diabetics26,68–69 and to lower the BMI in obese patients.
  • Lower levels of endogenous testosterone have been associated with longer duration of the QTc interval
  • testosterone replacement has been shown to shorten the QTc interval
  • negative correlation has been demonstrated between endogenous testosterone levels and IMT of the carotid arteries, abdominal aorta, and thoracic aorta
  • These findings suggest that men with lower levels of endogenous testosterone may be at a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis.
  • Current guidelines from the Endocrine Society make no recommendations on whether patients with heart disease should be screened for hypogonadism and do not recommend supplementing patients with heart disease to improve survival.
  • The Massachusetts Male Aging Study also projects ≈481 000 new cases of hypogonadism annually in US men within the same age group
  • since 1993 prescriptions for testosterone, regardless of the formulation, have increased nearly 500%
  • Testosterone levels are lower in patients with chronic illnesses such as end‐stage renal disease, human immunodeficiency virus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and several genetic conditions such as Klinefelter syndrome
  • A growing body of evidence suggests that men with lower levels of endogenous testosterone are more prone to develop CAD during their lifetimes
  • There are 2 major potential confounding factors that the older studies generally failed to account for. These factors are the subfraction of testosterone used to perform the analysis and the method used to account for subclinical CAD.
  • The biologically inactive form of testosterone is tightly bound to SHBG and is therefore unable to bind to androgen receptors
  • The biologically inactive fraction of testosterone comprises nearly 68% of the total testosterone in human serum
  • The biologically active subfraction of testosterone, also referred to as bioavailable testosterone, is either loosely bound to albumin or circulates freely in the blood, the latter referred to as free testosterone
  • It is estimated that ≈30% of total serum testosterone is bound to albumin, whereas the remaining 1% to 3% circulates as free testosterone
  • it can be argued that using the biologically active form of testosterone to evaluate the association with CAD will produce the most reliable results
  • English et al14 found statistically significant lower levels of bioavailable testosterone, free testosterone, and free androgen index in patients with catheterization‐proven CAD compared with controls with normal coronary arteries
  • patients with catheterization‐proven CAD had statistically significant lower levels of bioavailable testosterone
  • In conclusion, existing evidence suggests that men with CAD have lower levels of endogenous testosterone,13–18 and more specifically lower levels of bioavailable testosterone
  • low testosterone levels are associated with risk factors for CAD such as T2DM25–26 and obesity
  • In a meta‐analysis of these 7 population‐based studies, Araujo et al41 showed a trend toward increased cardiovascular mortality associated with lower levels of total testosterone, but statistical significance was not achieved (RR, 1.25
  • the authors showed that a decrease of 2.1 standard deviations in levels of total testosterone was associated with a 25% increase in the risk of cardiovascular mortality
  • the relative risk of all‐cause mortality in men with lower levels of total testosterone was calculated to be 1.35
  • higher risk of cardiovascular mortality is associated with lower levels of bioavailable testosterone
  • Existing evidence seems to suggest that lower levels of endogenous testosterone are associated with higher rates of all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality
  • studies have shown that lower levels of endogenous bioavailable testosterone are associated with higher rates of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality
  • It may be possible that using bioavailable testosterone to perform mortality analysis will yield more accurate results because it prevents the biologically inactive subfraction of testosterone from playing a potential confounding role in the analysis
  • The earliest published material on this matter dates to the late 1930s
  • the concept that testosterone replacement therapy improves angina has yet to be proven wrong
  • In more recent studies, 3 randomized, placebo‐controlled trials demonstrated that administration of testosterone improves myocardial ischemia in men with CAD
  • The improvement in myocardial ischemia was shown to occur in response to both acute and chronic testosterone therapy and seemed to be independent of whether an intravenous or transdermal formulation of testosterone was used.
  • testosterone had no effect on endothelial nitric oxide activity
  • There is growing evidence from in vivo animal models and in vitro models that testosterone induces coronary vasodilation by modulating the activity of ion channels, such as potassium and calcium channels, on the surface of vascular smooth muscle cells
  • Experimental studies suggest that the most likely mechanism of action for testosterone on vascular smooth muscle cells is via modulation of action of non‐ATP‐sensitive potassium ion channels, calcium‐activated potassium ion channels, voltage‐sensitive potassium ion channels, and finally L‐type calcium ion channels
  • Corona et al confirmed those results by demonstrating that not only total testosterone levels are lower among diabetics, but also the levels of free testosterone and SHBG are lower in diabetic patients
  • Laaksonen et al65 followed 702 Finnish men for 11 years and demonstrated that men in the lowest quartile of total testosterone, free testosterone, and SHBG were more likely to develop T2DM and metabolic syndrome.
  • Vikan et al followed 1454 Swedish men for 11 years and discovered that men in the highest quartile of total testosterone were significantly less likely to develop T2DM
  • authors demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the incidence of T2DM in subjects receiving gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist therapy. In addition, a significant increase in the rate of myocardial infarction, stroke, sudden cardiac death, and development of cardiovascular disease was noted in patients receiving antiandrogen therapy.67
  • Several authors have demonstrated that the administration of testosterone in diabetic men improves the homeostatic model of insulin resistance, hemoglobin A1c, and fasting plasma glucose
  • Existing evidence strongly suggests that the levels of total and free testosterone are lower among diabetic patients compared with those in nondiabetics
  • insulin seems to be acting as a stimulant for the hypothalamus to secret gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, which consequently results in increased testosterone production. It can be argued that decreased stimulation of the hypothalamus in diabetics secondary to insulin deficiency could result in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
  • BMI has been shown to be inversely associated with testosterone levels
  • This interaction may be a result of the promotion of lipolysis in abdominal adipose tissue by testosterone, which may in turn cause reduced abdominal adiposity. On the other hand, given that adipose tissue has a higher concentration of the enzyme aromatase, it could be that increased adipose tissue results in more testosterone being converted to estrogen, thereby causing hypogonadism. Third, increased abdominal obesity may cause reduced testosterone secretion by negatively affecting the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐testicular axis. Finally, testosterone may be the key factor in activating the enzyme 11‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in adipose tissue, which transforms glucocorticoids into their inactive form.
  • increasing age may alter the association between testosterone and CRP. Another possible explanation for the association between testosterone level and CRP is central obesity and waist circumference
  • Bai et al have provided convincing evidence that testosterone might be able to shorten the QTc interval by augmenting the activity of slowly activating delayed rectifier potassium channels while simultaneously slowing the activity of L‐type calcium channels
  • consistent evidence that supplemental testosterone shortens the QTc interval.
  • Intima‐media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery is considered a marker for preclinical atherosclerosis
  • Studies have shown that levels of endogenous testosterone are inversely associated with IMT of the carotid artery,126–128,32,129–130 as well as both the thoracic134 and the abdominal aorta
  • 1 study has demonstrated that lower levels of free testosterone are associated with accelerated progression of carotid artery IMT
  • another study has reported that decreased levels of total and bioavailable testosterone are associated with progression of atherosclerosis in the abdominal aorta
  • These findings suggest that normal physiologic testosterone levels may help to protect men from the development of atherosclerosis
  • Czesla et al successfully demonstrated that the muscle specimens that were exposed to metenolone had a significant shift in their composition toward type I muscle fibers
  • Type I muscle fibers, also known as slow‐twitch or oxidative fibers, are associated with enhanced strength and physical capability
  • It has been shown that those with advanced CHF have a higher percentage of type II muscle fibers, based on muscle biopsy
  • Studies have shown that men with CHF suffer from reduced levels of total and free testosterone.137 It has also been shown that reduced testosterone levels in men with CHF portends a poor prognosis and is associated with increased CHF mortality.138 Reduced testosterone has also been shown to correlate negatively with exercise capacity in CHF patients.
  • Testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to significantly improve exercise capacity, without affecting LVEF
  • the results of the 3 meta‐analyses seem to indicate that testosterone replacement therapy does not cause an increase in the rate of adverse cardiovascular events
  • Data from 3 meta‐analyses seem to contradict the commonly held belief that testosterone administration may increase the risk of developing prostate cancer
  • One meta‐analysis reported an increase in all prostate‐related adverse events with testosterone administration.146 However, when each prostate‐related event, including prostate cancer and a rise in PSA, was analyzed separately, no differences were observed between the testosterone group and the placebo group
  • the existing data from the 3 meta‐analyses seem to indicate that testosterone replacement therapy does not increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events
  • the authors correctly point out the weaknesses of their study which include retrospective study design and lack of randomization, small sample size at extremes of follow‐up, lack of outcome validation by chart review and poor generalizability of the results given that only male veterans with CAD were included in this study
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 04 Dec 13
       
      The authors here present Total Testosterone as a "confounding" value
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 09 Dec 13
       
      This would be HSD-II
  • the studies that failed to find an association between testosterone and CRP used an older population group
  • low testosterone may influence the severity of CAD by adversely affecting the mediators of the inflammatory response such as high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6, and tumor necrosis factor–α
  • Nathan Goodyear on 20 Nov 13
     
    Good review of Testosterone and CHD.  Low T is associated with increased all cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, CAD, CHF, type II diabetes, obesity, increased IMT,  increased severity of CAD and CHF.  Testosterone replacement in men with low T has been shown to improve exercise tolerance in CHF, improve insulin resistance, improve HgbA1c and lower BMI in the obese.
Nathan Goodyear

PLOS ONE: Probiotic Microbes Sustain Youthful Serum Testosterone Levels and Testicular ... - 0 views

journals.plos.org/...article

hormone hormones low T low Testosterone hypogonadism Testosterone probiotic L reuters probiotics Lactobacillus lactobacillus reuteri male aging

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Studies in both humans and rodents, however, suggest that low testosterone is due to age-related lesions in testes rather than irregular luteinizing hormone metabolism
  • Various dietary factors and diet-induced obesity have been shown to increase the risk for late onset male hypogonadism and low testosterone production in both humans and mice
  • Testosterone deficiency and metabolic diseases such as obesity appear to inter-digitate in complex cause-and-effect relationships
  • ...28 more annotations...
  • dietary supplementation of aged mice with the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri makes them appear to be younger than their matched untreated sibling mice
  • These results indicate that gut microbiota induce modulation of local gastrointestinal immunity resulting in systemic effects on the immune system which activate metabolic pathways that restore tissue homeostasis and overall health
  • all these studies we consistently observed that young and aged mice consuming purified L. reuteri organisms had particularly large testes and a dominant male behavior.
  • The testes of probiotic-fed aged mice were rescued from both seminiferous tubule atrophy and interstitial Leydig cell area reduction typical of the normal aging process. Preservation of testicular architecture despite advanced age or high-fat diet coincided with remarkably high levels of circulating testosterone. The beneficial effects of probiotic consumption were recapitulated by the depletion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-17.
  • feeding of L. reuteri consistently increased the gonadal weights, consumption of a non-pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli) K12 organisms did not affect testicular weight
  • mice with dietary L. reuteri supplements were rescued from diet-induced obesity and had normal body weight and lean physique
  • Despite the comparable numbers of ST profiles, we determined that testes from L. reuteri-treated mice had increased ST cross-sectioned profiles
  • the probiotic organism induced prominent Leydig cell accumulations in the interstitial tissue between the ST's
  • The probiotic-associated increase of interstitial Leydig cell areas was sustained with advancing age at 7 (CD vs CD+LR, P = 0.0025; CD+E.coli vs CD+LR, P = 0.0251) and 12 months
  • mice eating L. reuteri had profoundly increased levels of circulating testosterone regardless of the type of diet they consumed
  • blocking pro-inflammatory Il-17 signaling entirely recapitulates the beneficial effects of probiotics
  • previous studies we found that dietary probiotics counteract obesity [19] and age-related integumentary pathology [18] at least in part by down-regulating systemic pro-inflammatory IL-17A-dependent signaling
  • Testes histomorphometry and serum androgen concentration data were both suggestive of a probiotic-associated up-regulation of spermatogenesis in mice
  • Lactobacillus reuteri we discovered that aging male animals had larger testes compared to their age-matched controls
  • xamined testes of probiotic microbe-fed mice and found that they had less testicular atrophy coinciding with higher levels of circulating testosterone compared to their age-matched controls
  • Similar testicular health benefits were produced using systemic depletion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-17 alone, implicating a chronic inflammatory pathway in hypogonadism
  • One specific aspect of this paradigm is reciprocal activities of pro-inflammatory Th-17 and anti-inflammatory Treg cells
  • Feeding of L. reuteri organisms was previously shown to up-regulate IL-10 levels and reduce levels of IL-17 [19] serving to lower systemic inflammation
  • insufficient levels of IL-10 may increase the risk for autoimmunity, obesity, and other inflammatory disease syndromes
  • Westernized diets are also low in vitamin D, a nutrient that when present normally works together with IL-10 to protect against inflammatory disorders
  • Physiological feedback loops apparently exist between microbes, host hormones, and immunity
  • The hormone testosterone has been shown to act directly through androgen receptors on CD4+ cells to increase IL-10 expression
  • studies in both humans and rodents suggest that hypogonadism is due to age-related lesions in testes rather than irregular LH metabolism
  • We postulate that probiotic gut microbes function symbiotically with their mammalian hosts to impart immune homeostasis to maintain systemic and testicular health [34]–[35] despite suboptimal dietary conditions.
  • Dietary factors and diet-induced obesity were previously shown to increase risk for age-associated male hypogonadism, reduced spermatogenesis, and low testosterone production in both humans and mice [2]–[4], [8]–[11], [14]–[17], phenotypic features that in this study were inhibited by oral probiotic therapy absent milk sugars, extra protein, or vitamin D supplied in yogurt.
  • Similar beneficial effects of probiotic microbes on testosterone levels and sperm indices were reported in male mice that had been simultaneously supplemented with selenium
  • L. reuteri-associated prevention of age- and diet-related testicular atrophy correlates with increased numbers and size of Leydig cells
  • the initial changes of testicular atrophy begin to occur in mice from the age of 6 moths onwards [7] and indicates that the trophic effect of L. reuteri on Leydig cells is a key event which precedes and prevents age-related changes in the testes of mice. This effect is reminiscent of earlier studies describing Leydig cell hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in the mouse and the rat testis that were achievable by the administration of gonadotropins, including human chorionic gonadotropin, FSH and LH
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Apr 15
     
    Fascinating study on how the addition of Lactobacillus reuteri increased Testicular size, prevented testicular atrophy, increased serum Testosterone production and protected against diet-induced/obesity-induced hypogonadism.  This was a mouse model
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