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Nathan Goodyear

Availability of evidence of benefits on overall survival and quality of life of cancer ... - 0 views

  • Although the goal of cancer treatment is to improve the quantity and quality of life,123 clinical trials designed to gain regulatory approval for new drugs often evaluate indirect or “surrogate” measures of drug efficacy. These endpoints show that an agent has biological activity, but they are not reliable surrogates for improved survival4567891011 or quality of life46111213
  • two recent systematic reviews suggest that the strength of association between surrogates in cancer clinical trials and life extension is generally low
  • Available data from the US show that only a small proportion of cancer treatments approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) unequivocally show benefits on survival or quality of life.30
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • We sought to systematically evaluate the evidence base for all new drugs and new indications for the treatment of solid tumours and haematological malignancies approved by the EMA in the five year period 2009-13
  • Three investigators (AP, EP, and EG) independently extracted data on and descriptively analysed the following trial features: characteristics of the participant population, study design (randomisation, crossover from experimental to control group, and blinding of investigators and participants), experimental and control groups, enrolment, primary and secondary endpoints, magnitude of benefit on survival and quality of life, and narrative interpretation of the findings
  • Only 18 of the 68 (26%) were supported by a pivotal study powered to evaluate overall survival as the primary outcome
  • From 2009 to 2013, the EMA approved use of 48 oncology drugs
  • Seventeen drugs were approved for treatment of haematological malignancies and 51 for treatment of solid tumours
  • Overall, 72 clinical trials supported the approval of 68 novel drug uses
  • Our scoring was limited to drugs for solid tumours
  • Among 68 cancer drug indications approved by the EMA in the period 2009-13, and with a median of 5.4 years’ follow-up, only 35 (51%) were associated with a significant improvement in survival (26/35) or quality of life (9/35) over existing treatment options, placebo, or as add on treatment
  • Only two of the 26 drugs shown to extend life also showed benefits on quality of life
  • 33 (49%) had not shown any improvement on survival or quality of life
  • This systematic evaluation of oncology drug approvals by the EMA in 2009-13 shows that most of the drugs (39/68, 57%) entered the market without evidence of improved survival or quality of life
  • At a minimum 3.3 years after market entry, there was still no conclusive evidence that 33 of these 39 cancer drugs either extended or improved life
  • What are potential reasons for the paucity of drug approvals with demonstrable survival advantages over existing treatments?
  • Firstly, only 18 (26%) indications for use in our cohort were supported by trials in which extension of life was the primary outcome
  • None of the pivotal studies supporting oncology drug approvals from 2009 to 2013 included quality of life as a primary outcome measure
  • Most new oncology drugs authorised by the EMA in 2009-13 came onto the market without clear evidence that they improved the quality or quantity of patients’ lives
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    New study from European Medicines Agency questions alot of the new cancer drugs brought to the market 2009-2013.  57% of the new drugs (39/68) were brought to the market without evidence of improved survival or quality of life.
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone and the Cardiovascular System: A Comprehensive Review of the Clinical Lite... - 0 views

  • Low endogenous bioavailable testosterone levels have been shown to be associated with higher rates of all‐cause and cardiovascular‐related mortality.39,41,46–47 Patients suffering from CAD,13–18 CHF,137 T2DM,25–26 and obesity27–28
  • have all been shown to have lower levels of endogenous testosterone compared with those in healthy controls. In addition, the severity of CAD15,17,29–30 and CHF137 correlates with the degree of testosterone deficiency
  • In patients with CHF, testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to significantly improve exercise tolerance while having no effect on LVEF
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  • testosterone therapy causes a shift in the skeletal muscle of CHF patients toward a higher concentration of type I muscle fibers
  • Testosterone replacement therapy has also been shown to improve the homeostatic model of insulin resistance and hemoglobin A1c in diabetics26,68–69 and to lower the BMI in obese patients.
  • Lower levels of endogenous testosterone have been associated with longer duration of the QTc interval
  • testosterone replacement has been shown to shorten the QTc interval
  • negative correlation has been demonstrated between endogenous testosterone levels and IMT of the carotid arteries, abdominal aorta, and thoracic aorta
  • These findings suggest that men with lower levels of endogenous testosterone may be at a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis.
  • Current guidelines from the Endocrine Society make no recommendations on whether patients with heart disease should be screened for hypogonadism and do not recommend supplementing patients with heart disease to improve survival.
  • The Massachusetts Male Aging Study also projects ≈481 000 new cases of hypogonadism annually in US men within the same age group
  • since 1993 prescriptions for testosterone, regardless of the formulation, have increased nearly 500%
  • Testosterone levels are lower in patients with chronic illnesses such as end‐stage renal disease, human immunodeficiency virus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and several genetic conditions such as Klinefelter syndrome
  • A growing body of evidence suggests that men with lower levels of endogenous testosterone are more prone to develop CAD during their lifetimes
  • There are 2 major potential confounding factors that the older studies generally failed to account for. These factors are the subfraction of testosterone used to perform the analysis and the method used to account for subclinical CAD.
  • The biologically inactive form of testosterone is tightly bound to SHBG and is therefore unable to bind to androgen receptors
  • The biologically inactive fraction of testosterone comprises nearly 68% of the total testosterone in human serum
  • The biologically active subfraction of testosterone, also referred to as bioavailable testosterone, is either loosely bound to albumin or circulates freely in the blood, the latter referred to as free testosterone
  • It is estimated that ≈30% of total serum testosterone is bound to albumin, whereas the remaining 1% to 3% circulates as free testosterone
  • it can be argued that using the biologically active form of testosterone to evaluate the association with CAD will produce the most reliable results
  • English et al14 found statistically significant lower levels of bioavailable testosterone, free testosterone, and free androgen index in patients with catheterization‐proven CAD compared with controls with normal coronary arteries
  • patients with catheterization‐proven CAD had statistically significant lower levels of bioavailable testosterone
  • In conclusion, existing evidence suggests that men with CAD have lower levels of endogenous testosterone,13–18 and more specifically lower levels of bioavailable testosterone
  • low testosterone levels are associated with risk factors for CAD such as T2DM25–26 and obesity
  • In a meta‐analysis of these 7 population‐based studies, Araujo et al41 showed a trend toward increased cardiovascular mortality associated with lower levels of total testosterone, but statistical significance was not achieved (RR, 1.25
  • the authors showed that a decrease of 2.1 standard deviations in levels of total testosterone was associated with a 25% increase in the risk of cardiovascular mortality
  • the relative risk of all‐cause mortality in men with lower levels of total testosterone was calculated to be 1.35
  • higher risk of cardiovascular mortality is associated with lower levels of bioavailable testosterone
  • Existing evidence seems to suggest that lower levels of endogenous testosterone are associated with higher rates of all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality
  • studies have shown that lower levels of endogenous bioavailable testosterone are associated with higher rates of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality
  • It may be possible that using bioavailable testosterone to perform mortality analysis will yield more accurate results because it prevents the biologically inactive subfraction of testosterone from playing a potential confounding role in the analysis
  • The earliest published material on this matter dates to the late 1930s
  • the concept that testosterone replacement therapy improves angina has yet to be proven wrong
  • In more recent studies, 3 randomized, placebo‐controlled trials demonstrated that administration of testosterone improves myocardial ischemia in men with CAD
  • The improvement in myocardial ischemia was shown to occur in response to both acute and chronic testosterone therapy and seemed to be independent of whether an intravenous or transdermal formulation of testosterone was used.
  • testosterone had no effect on endothelial nitric oxide activity
  • There is growing evidence from in vivo animal models and in vitro models that testosterone induces coronary vasodilation by modulating the activity of ion channels, such as potassium and calcium channels, on the surface of vascular smooth muscle cells
  • Experimental studies suggest that the most likely mechanism of action for testosterone on vascular smooth muscle cells is via modulation of action of non‐ATP‐sensitive potassium ion channels, calcium‐activated potassium ion channels, voltage‐sensitive potassium ion channels, and finally L‐type calcium ion channels
  • Corona et al confirmed those results by demonstrating that not only total testosterone levels are lower among diabetics, but also the levels of free testosterone and SHBG are lower in diabetic patients
  • Laaksonen et al65 followed 702 Finnish men for 11 years and demonstrated that men in the lowest quartile of total testosterone, free testosterone, and SHBG were more likely to develop T2DM and metabolic syndrome.
  • Vikan et al followed 1454 Swedish men for 11 years and discovered that men in the highest quartile of total testosterone were significantly less likely to develop T2DM
  • authors demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the incidence of T2DM in subjects receiving gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist therapy. In addition, a significant increase in the rate of myocardial infarction, stroke, sudden cardiac death, and development of cardiovascular disease was noted in patients receiving antiandrogen therapy.67
  • Several authors have demonstrated that the administration of testosterone in diabetic men improves the homeostatic model of insulin resistance, hemoglobin A1c, and fasting plasma glucose
  • Existing evidence strongly suggests that the levels of total and free testosterone are lower among diabetic patients compared with those in nondiabetics
  • insulin seems to be acting as a stimulant for the hypothalamus to secret gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, which consequently results in increased testosterone production. It can be argued that decreased stimulation of the hypothalamus in diabetics secondary to insulin deficiency could result in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
  • BMI has been shown to be inversely associated with testosterone levels
  • This interaction may be a result of the promotion of lipolysis in abdominal adipose tissue by testosterone, which may in turn cause reduced abdominal adiposity. On the other hand, given that adipose tissue has a higher concentration of the enzyme aromatase, it could be that increased adipose tissue results in more testosterone being converted to estrogen, thereby causing hypogonadism. Third, increased abdominal obesity may cause reduced testosterone secretion by negatively affecting the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐testicular axis. Finally, testosterone may be the key factor in activating the enzyme 11‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in adipose tissue, which transforms glucocorticoids into their inactive form.
  • increasing age may alter the association between testosterone and CRP. Another possible explanation for the association between testosterone level and CRP is central obesity and waist circumference
  • Bai et al have provided convincing evidence that testosterone might be able to shorten the QTc interval by augmenting the activity of slowly activating delayed rectifier potassium channels while simultaneously slowing the activity of L‐type calcium channels
  • consistent evidence that supplemental testosterone shortens the QTc interval.
  • Intima‐media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery is considered a marker for preclinical atherosclerosis
  • Studies have shown that levels of endogenous testosterone are inversely associated with IMT of the carotid artery,126–128,32,129–130 as well as both the thoracic134 and the abdominal aorta
  • 1 study has demonstrated that lower levels of free testosterone are associated with accelerated progression of carotid artery IMT
  • another study has reported that decreased levels of total and bioavailable testosterone are associated with progression of atherosclerosis in the abdominal aorta
  • These findings suggest that normal physiologic testosterone levels may help to protect men from the development of atherosclerosis
  • Czesla et al successfully demonstrated that the muscle specimens that were exposed to metenolone had a significant shift in their composition toward type I muscle fibers
  • Type I muscle fibers, also known as slow‐twitch or oxidative fibers, are associated with enhanced strength and physical capability
  • It has been shown that those with advanced CHF have a higher percentage of type II muscle fibers, based on muscle biopsy
  • Studies have shown that men with CHF suffer from reduced levels of total and free testosterone.137 It has also been shown that reduced testosterone levels in men with CHF portends a poor prognosis and is associated with increased CHF mortality.138 Reduced testosterone has also been shown to correlate negatively with exercise capacity in CHF patients.
  • Testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to significantly improve exercise capacity, without affecting LVEF
  • the results of the 3 meta‐analyses seem to indicate that testosterone replacement therapy does not cause an increase in the rate of adverse cardiovascular events
  • Data from 3 meta‐analyses seem to contradict the commonly held belief that testosterone administration may increase the risk of developing prostate cancer
  • One meta‐analysis reported an increase in all prostate‐related adverse events with testosterone administration.146 However, when each prostate‐related event, including prostate cancer and a rise in PSA, was analyzed separately, no differences were observed between the testosterone group and the placebo group
  • the existing data from the 3 meta‐analyses seem to indicate that testosterone replacement therapy does not increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events
  • the authors correctly point out the weaknesses of their study which include retrospective study design and lack of randomization, small sample size at extremes of follow‐up, lack of outcome validation by chart review and poor generalizability of the results given that only male veterans with CAD were included in this study
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      The authors here present Total Testosterone as a "confounding" value
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      This would be HSD-II
  • the studies that failed to find an association between testosterone and CRP used an older population group
  • low testosterone may influence the severity of CAD by adversely affecting the mediators of the inflammatory response such as high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6, and tumor necrosis factor–α
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    Good review of Testosterone and CHD.  Low T is associated with increased all cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, CAD, CHF, type II diabetes, obesity, increased IMT,  increased severity of CAD and CHF.  Testosterone replacement in men with low T has been shown to improve exercise tolerance in CHF, improve insulin resistance, improve HgbA1c and lower BMI in the obese.
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Karma Ergo 115 Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Ergo Wheelchair features an ergonomic "S" shaped seat that provides the perfect shape to fit the human body to relieve pressure, increase stabilization, weight distribution and lower the risk of pressure sores and scoliosis. Ergonomic wheelchair series provides users with a large selection of ultra lightweight wheelchairs that can help improve life. This series has features that include a high strength lightweight frame, foldable and easy to store, breathable anti-bacterial, anti-staining, removable and machine washable cushion. Also includes the exclusive S-Shape Seating System, which provides increased stability, better weight distribution and lowers the risk of pressure sores and spinal injury. Karma S Ergo 115 Wheelchair: This model features our S-Shape Seating System and is our number one best seller for many reasons. At a mere 11.3 kg in weight with detachable foot rest and many features such as removable machine washable and dry-able cushions treated by AEIGIS treated anti-microbial coated seating system. Karma S-Ergo 115 Wheelchair Features: Ergonomic Handrims & S-Shape Ergonomic Seating System Fixed armrest w/ wider concave armpads Swing In & Away Footrests Backrest Pouch attached to the upholstery 24" flat free polyurethane tires, high tread, flat free wheels Seat width: 16"x17" or 18"x17" or 20"x 17" Silver 1/4" Aegis Anti-Bacterial Upholstery, washable Folding backrest / folding seat for easy traveling "Tube-in Center" foot-plate, assures better side leg support High strength, starting weight at only 11.3 kg. (w/o footrests) 7×1" Polyurethane front casters Upholstery: Black breathable mesh bottom & top AEIGIS Frame Color: Pearl Silver or Rose Red Weight Capacity of 115 kg. Karma S-Ergo 115 Wheelchair Measurements: Seat Width 16 inch., 18 inch., 20 inch. Seat Depth 17 inch. Armrest Height 8 inch. Seat Height 19 inch. Back Height 17 inch. Overall Height 36 inch. Overall Open Width 23 inch., 25 inch., 27 inch
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Portable Wheelchair Gives The Freedom - 0 views

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    A portable wheelchair gives the freedom to travel anywhere and everywhere with ease. Lightweight travel chair is the lightest and most compactable of transport Wheelchairs. Great for use while traveling. The thigh belt ensures balanced seating and the flip-up armrest facilitates smoother transfers to and from the chair's seat. At a weight of only 13 lbs., the Travel Chair is not only ultra light but easy to use with quick folding and one touch opening. Travel wheelchairs are the best type of wheelchairs for vacations or travel activities. With the best type of wheelchair for travel, it can experience the trip of a lifetime. An important feature for a travel wheelchair is to be able to fold it on command. Storing and folding a travel wheelchair has never been easier than with travel chair. Durable travel wheelchair allows to have peace of mind when traveling outside comfort zone, do not need to worry about chair breaking down and slowing down trip. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Specifications Width 18" Front/Rear Wheels 6" to 14" Seat Width 47cm Seat Depth 40cm Overall Width 66cm Overall Collapsed Width 36cm Armrest Height 21cm Overall Length 90cm Seat Height 47cm Backrest Height 38cm Overall Height 86cm Weight 9.2 k.g. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Seat and Back AEGIS Microbe Shield Approved by the FDA, EPA, EU, etc., bonded anti-microbial barrier upholstery protects from odor, staining and deterioration from bacteria, fungus and other microorganisms. It is a shield for your health. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Extended Armrest By simulating the natural position of arms, the extended armrest design is ergonomic and creates bigger seating space. An Ultra lightweight wheelchair (9.2 kg) with a compact design for either attendant assisted or self propelling users. The use of aircraft-grade aluminium alloy and double cross brace provide this model with outstand
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S-Ergo 105 - 0 views

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    Ergonomic chairs are designed to confirm to a person's physical dimensions, allowing them to sit naturally and comfortably for long periods of time, while reducing the risk of pressure ulcers. Karma Wheelchair KM 7501: Karma Healthcare KM 7501 Pediatric Wheelchair is a manual wheelchair for children. It's ergonomically antelope horn-shaped handle makes it easy to steer and push the chair, and vertical footrest allow legs to be placed in the correct position. One-piece footplate increases stability. The wheelchair has a great look with a bright color and modern style. Karma Healthcare Wheelchair KM 7501 Features: Karma Healthcare Wheelchair KM-7501 Paediatric Wheelchair offers here-we-go handle Caring footrest Seat width: 11" or 13.5" Ultra lightweight and compact Outward extended front wheels 6" solid caster and 14" solid rear wheel Maximum user weight: 60Kg One Year Warranty Karma Wheelchair KM 7501 Measurements: Width 11" And 13.5" Front/Rear Wheels 6" to 14" 6" to 14" Seat Width 28cm 34cm Seat Depth 30cm 30cm Overall Width 45cm 51cm Overall Collapsed Width 34cm 34cm Armrest Height 18cm 18cm Overall Length 70W 70W Seat Height 39cm 39cm Backrest Height 36cm 36cm Overall Height 102cm 102cm Weight 9.3kg 9.3kg Ergo Wheelchair features an ergonomic "S" shaped seat that provides the perfect shape to fit the human body to relieve pressure, increase stabilization, weight distribution and lower the risk of pressure sores and scoliosis. Karma S Ergo 105 Wheelchair Karma S Ergo 105 Wheelchair Features: High strength, weighs only 12.2 kg. (w/ footrests) ¼" thick removable Aegis Anti-Bacterial Upholstery, machine washable / dryable "Tube-in Center" footplate, assures better side leg support Fixed Footrests Pouch for carrying small items attached to upholstery behind backrest 7"x1" Polyurethane front caster 24' Rear polyurethane, high profile, flat free wheels S-Style Ergonomic Seat Folding backrest/ folding seat for tra
Nathan Goodyear

Gonadal status and outcome of bariatric surgery in obese men - Aarts - 2013 - Clinical ... - 0 views

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    Small study of 13 men found that weight loss following bariatric surgery resulted in improved HPA function in 10/13.  Three men had resistant HPA dysfunction.  Free Testosterone was followed.
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Transport Chair - 0 views

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    Lightweight wheelchairs provide convenience and comfort to the user and caregiver alike and are often built using materials like aluminum and titanium alloy, while foldable wheelchairs allow for easy storage and transport. Merge the two styles, and got a great mobility aid that isn't a pain to lug around. Utilizing small wheels and lighter materials, transport wheelchairs can tip the scale at as little as 19 lbs, ideal for those looking for a highly portable option. Transport chairs also tend to be more affordable and offer the benefit of increased mobility without breaking the bank. Transport wheelchairs or companion chairs are companion wheelchairs where the purpose is for a companion to push the user. Most transporters have swing-away leg rests, fixed armrests, and side panels. Instead of the usual large back - small front wheels typical of most wheelchairs, light travel chairs have four small wheels providing much easier maneuverability of the chair. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair: Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Specifications: Width 18" Front/Rear Wheels 6" to 14" Seat Width 47cm Seat Depth 40cm Overall Width 66cm Overall Collapsed Width 36cm Armrest Height 21cm Overall Length 90cm Seat Height 47cm Backrest Height 38cm Overall Height 86cm Weight 9.2 k.g. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Seat and Back: AEGIS Microbe Shield Approved by the FDA, EPA, EU, etc., bonded anti-microbial barrier upholstery protects from odor, staining and deterioration from bacteria, fungus and other microorganisms. It is a shield for your health. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Extended Armrest: By simulating the natural position of arms, the extended armrest design is ergonomic and creates bigger seating space. An Ultra lightweight wheelchair (9.2 kg) with a compact design for either attendant assisted or self propelling users. The use of aircraft-grade aluminium alloy and double cross brace provide this model
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Pediatric Wheelchair KM 7501 - 0 views

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    Ergonomically designed wheelchair not only for the patients but also for the assistants, both of them are considered users of this wheelchair. WheelCare has been designed to prevent work injury to the assistants by redesigned the handle, seat, hanger, rear pedals and front pedals, make them adjustable and easier to use. Tube-shaped structure allows the users to install extensional gears depends on the different needs. Ergonomic Wheelchairs with a body contouring S-Shaped seat frame and contoured armrests provides the user with all day comfort and ultimate mobility. And since this wheelchair is designed around the human body, less likely to need a seat cushion or other device to help make the wheelchair more comfortable. Ergonomics is really about using bodies safely and efficiently, in a way which doesn't strain the tissues. A way which is comfortable, While working, cooking, driving, creating or other work. Karma Wheelchair KM 7501: Karma Healthcare KM 7501 Pediatric Wheelchair is a manual wheelchair for children. It's ergonomically antelope horn-shaped handle makes it easy to steer and push the chair, and vertical footrest allow legs to be placed in the correct position. One-piece footplate increases stability. The wheelchair has a great look with a bright color and modern style. Karma Healthcare Wheelchair KM 7501 Features: Karma Healthcare Wheelchair KM-7501 Paediatric Wheelchair offers here-we-go handle Caring footrest Seat width: 11" or 13.5" Ultra lightweight and compact Outward extended front wheels 6" solid caster and 14" solid rear wheel Maximum user weight: 60Kg One Year Warranty Karma Wheelchair KM 7501 Measurements: Width 11" 13.5" Front/Rear Wheels 6" to 14" 6" to 14" Seat Width 28cm 34cm Seat Depth 30cm 30cm Overall Width 45cm 51cm Overall Collapsed Width 34cm 34cm Armrest Height 18cm 18cm Overall Length 70W 70W Seat Height 39cm 39cm Backrest Height 36cm 36cm Overall Height 102cm 102cm Weight 9.3kg 9.3kg Karma Ergo
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Transporter Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Lightweight aluminium wheelchairs available that fold down for easy transportation and storage. These compact travel folding wheelchairs fit neatly into the boot of a car and are ideal for use on holiday, for days out or for short shopping trips. Known as travel wheelchairs, fold-up wheelchairs, foldaway wheelchairs these compact travel folding wheelchairs fits neatly into the boot of a car. The Light Travel Wheelchair is an ultra lightweight aluminium wheelchairs which fold into its own bag for easy transportation and storage. The chair seat size (width and depth), seat-to-floor height, footrests/leg rests, front caster outriggers, adjustable backrests, controls, and many other features can be customized on, or added to, many basic models, while some users, often those with specialised needs, may have wheelchairs custom-built. Karma KM 2500 L Big Wheel Wheelchair: Karma KM 2500 L Wheelchair Specifications: Width 18" Front/Rear Wheels 6" to 22" Seat Width 47cm Seat Depth 40cm Overall Width 66cm Overall Collapsed Width 36cm Armrest Height 21cm Overall Length 90cm Seat Height 47cm Backrest Height 38cm Overall Height 86cm Weight 11.kg Karma KM 2500 L Wheelchair Seat and Back: AEGIS Microbe Shield Approved by the FDA, EPA, EU, etc., bonded anti-microbial barrier upholstery protects from odor, staining and deterioration from bacteria, fungus and other microorganisms. It is a shield for your health. Karma KM 2500 L Wheelchair Extended Armrest By simulating the natural position of arms, the extended armrest design is ergonomic and creates bigger seating space. An Ultra lightweight wheelchair (11 kg) with a compact design for either attendant assisted or self propelling users. The use of aircraft-grade aluminium alloy and double cross brace provide this model with outstanding strength and durability. Karma Healthcare KM-2500 L Premium Wheelchair is amazingly light and compact transit wheelchair which is ideal for outings and t
star yu

Medicina China Bueno para FSGS con el 13% de la función renal - 0 views

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    Si los pacientes tienen la función renal FSGS 13%, significa que la enfermedad renal de los pacientes ha progresado en fase terminal.En los últimos años, la medicina china se ha utilizado cada vez más ampliamente para tratar la enfermedad renal, así como FSGS.Lo que la medicina china puede ayudar a tratar FSGS con la función renal del 13%?
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Ergo Lite 2 - 0 views

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    Lightweight Ergonomic Wheelchair is designed to cradle patients in comfort while reducing risk of pressure sores, relieving pressure, dispersing weight evenly and improving stability. The Ergo Lite Wheelchair is easy to lift and its small size makes it ideal for travel. Weighing only 19.8 lbs., the chair is easy to store and transport. The chair folds down the middle like a standard wheelchair and the backrest also folds down to make the wheelchair even more compact. The Karman wheelchairs are exceptional in both their function and style. With comfort built right into the frame of a wheelchair eliminating the need for a "thick cushion" to add comfort, S-Shape seat allows the wheelchair to be "ergonomically correct" putting into a seating position and comfort conforming to natural body's curves. These chairs are built for comfort and quality to stand the test of time. Karma S Ergo 305 Wheelchair: The Karma S Ergo 305 Wheelchair weighs only 13 kg, has a 115 kg weight capacity and is available in 16" and 18" seat widths. With wheels and footrest removed this chair weighs 10 kg. Karma S Ergo 305 Wheelchair Features: Only 10 kg. (w/ wheels & footrests removed) Folding backrest, for transporting chair in car, bus, trips, ect. Swing in & away footrest for maximum safety while entering or exiting the chair 24" Quick Release rear spoke/polyurethane/high profile/flat free wheels & 7×1" front casters Seat Width: 18"x17" OR 16" x 17" Upholstery: Silver/Black mesh AEIGIS back and seat cushion Height Adjustable Armrest Factory Height Settings should be selected at time of purchase for convenience High strength, weighs only 13 kg. (w/o footrests) Anti-Bacterial Upholstery/Cushion Flip back armrests w/ wider contoured arm pads for maximum comfort "Tube-in Center" foot-plate, assures better side leg support Frame Color: Pearl Silver & Rose Red Axle Adjustable Seat Height ( 18", 19", 20") Weight Capacity: 115 kg. Karma KM 2512 Ergo Lite 2 Wheel
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Improve Safety By Transport wheelchairs - 0 views

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    Walking disabled people are more fortunate nowadays. While in the past they always have felt incapacitated and immobile, nowadays, they are provided with more and better means to roam and move around. With the development and heightened popularity and usage of wheelchairs, such handicapped people are given more advantage and privilege. The emergence of transport wheelchairs have significantly helped improve the way people make use of wheelchairs. Transport wheelchairs are machines or equipment that facilitate for mobility and movement of wheelchair confined people at public places. While it is true that simple wheelchairs can do the trick, transport wheelchairs are specifically designed and manufactured to facilitate better roaming and mobility at malls, restaurants and parks where people usually converge to relax. Transport wheelchairs provide many advantages: Weight: As the name implies, they are easy to transport because they typically weigh around 15 to 20 pounds, which is much less than a manual wheelchair. Storage: They are easier to store than traditional manual and electric wheelchairs. Most are small enough to fit into the trunk of a compact car. Karma Travel Wheelchair KM TV 20.2: Karma Travel Wheelchair KM TV 20.2 - 606 T-6 aircraft-grade aluminum-alloy frame provides incredible strength. Easy-to-fold in three seconds. Karma Travel Wheelchair KM TV 20.2 Features: Type: Travel Wheelchair T-6 aircraft-grade aluminum Secure brake improve safety Padded flip back armrest PU front caster & rear wheel Karma Travel Wheelchair KM TV 20.2 Measurements: Weight: 8.9kg Seat width: 39.5cm Tyre: PU front casters and rear wheels Capacity: 100kg Folded size: (L/W/H): 610mm x 350mm x710mm. Wheelchair provides comfort and mobility in an economical package. It comes standard with padded nylon upholstery and one-piece armrests that offer a cushioned feel with minimal maintenance. Combined with its stylish silver vein frame and matching fr
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Ultra Lightweight Travel Wheelchair With Seat Belt - 0 views

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    Travel Wheelchair is ideal for those looking for an easily portable wheelchair without sacrificing sturdiness or weight capacity. In order to accommodate various heights, models feature adjustable backs and the threaded seat screw inserts reduce stripping from upholstery damage to give the chair a longer life. The wheels feature sealed bearings to keep dirt out, making the wheels virtually maintenance free. The Travel Chair is a lightweight sturdy aluminum framed portable chair. It is easily transportable and comes with a compact carry bag, making it ideal for stowing away in cars, buses, trains, and more. This wheelchair can be used both indoors and outdoors on forgiving terrain, with a convenient step for the attendant to lift the chair over obstacles. This travel chair gives the freedom to go, with the added convenience of folding up to a manageable size. This lightweight Steel Travel Chair with Fixed Full Arms or Detachable Desk Arms has a foldable back, making it convenient and easy to store and transport. The silver vein frame is scratch resistant and it comes standard with a comfortable, durable, and easy to clean, black nylon upholstery seat and back. The caster wheels in front and rear with provide a smooth ride over most surfaces. The padded armrests, rear wheel locks, swing away footrest and seat belt all combine to make this travel chair convenient, durable, easy to transport and safe. Karma Travel Wheelchair KM TV 20.2 Karma Travel Wheelchair KM TV 20.2 - 606 T-6 aircraft-grade aluminum-alloy frame provides incredible strength. Easy-to-fold in three seconds. Karma Travel Wheelchair KM TV 20.2 Features Type: Travel Wheelchair T-6 aircraft-grade aluminum Secure brake improve safety Padded flip back armrest PU front caster & rear wheel Karma Travel Wheelchair KM TV 20.2 Measurements Weight: 8.9kg Seat width: 39.5cm Tyre: PU front casters and rear wheels Capacity: 100kg Folded size: (L/W/H): 610mm x 350mm x710mm. Lightweight wh
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Lightweight And Foldable Transport Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Transport Wheelchair is constructed of tough and light aluminum. Its comfort features include nylon upholstery, swing-away footrests and padded armrests. The seatbelt adds safety, while the composite wheels make mobility convenient. This lightweight transport wheelchair is easy to fold and store compactly thanks to the back-release hinge. Transport Chair makes it easier than ever for everyone to help get around in comfort. It is much lighter than standard transport chairs, ultra-compact when folded, easier to lift into a car or carry up the stairs, and angled handlebars increase comfort offering exceptional shoulder room and making it easier to push. A transport wheelchair is a mobility chair designed for convenience, short-distance use and easy handling by a caregiver. Lightweight and foldable, these wheelchairs are easily moved and typically fit in the trunk of most vehicles. There is even a model designed to fold into a bag to be carried over the shoulder. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Specifications Width 18" Front/Rear Wheels 6" to 14" Seat Width 47cm Seat Depth 40cm Overall Width 66cm Overall Collapsed Width 36cm Armrest Height 21cm Overall Length 90cm Seat Height 47cm Backrest Height 38cm Overall Height 86cm Weight 9.2 k.g. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Seat and Back AEGIS Microbe Shield Approved by the FDA, EPA, EU, etc., bonded anti-microbial barrier upholstery protects from odor, staining and deterioration from bacteria, fungus and other microorganisms. It is a shield for your health. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Extended Armrest By simulating the natural position of arms, the extended armrest design is ergonomic and creates bigger seating space. An Ultra lightweight wheelchair (9.2 kg) with a compact design for either attendant assisted or self propelling users. The use of aircraft-grade aluminium alloy and double cross brace provide this model wi
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Ultra Lightweight Wheelchair For Handicapped - 0 views

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    Ultra light wheelchairs are part of manual wheelchair series that offer a light durable frame and great features. Ultra light wheelchairs provide that are considered folding wheelchairs, meaning that the frame can be folded and stored into a small space, such as a vehicle trunk, car garage or storage space. Ultra Lightweight Wheelchairs are a great choice if looking for a light manual wheelchair. Several features separate each wheelchair from the next. Lightweight wheelchairs typically are made from aluminum but sometimes from steel or a combination of both metals, which allows their less than standard weight of 38-50 lbs. Light Wheelchairs in this category generally weigh from 29 - 34 lbs. Ultra Lightweight Wheelchair Its compact design and feather light weight makes it suitable for people on the go. Ultra Lightweight Wheelchair Specifications Frame Style : Foldable Frame Material : Aluminium (Light weight) Rear wheel to wheel width in open position (inches) : 20" Handle to Handle : 16" Seat Width (inches): 13" Rear Wheel Size: 7" Front Wheel Size: 5" Seat to floor height (inches): 19" Seat Depth (inches): 13" Back height (inches): 16" Total height (inches): 35" Max User Weight Capacity (kgs): 80 k.g. Net Weight (kgs): 8.5 k.g. Upholstery: Cloth look like, washable Armrest: Flip up, for easy transfer to bed Legrest: Flip up footplate Wheel Quality: Tear resistant polyurethane wheels Rear Wheel Lock: Yes Hand brakes: Yes Dropback handle: Yes Transport chairs, also known as companion wheelchairs, have four small wheels instead of two small and two large. A transport chair is designed to only be push by caregiver, other common names are 'companion chair' or 'rollabout chair'. Lightweight Transport Chairs are constructed using lightweight aluminum folding frames. Most Transport Chairs have 4 caster wheels ranging in size from 5" to 8" and support user weight up to 300 lbs. These chairs are also called Companion Chairs since they requir
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Comfort And Ease Lightweight Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Transport Chair weighs only 14.8 lbs - almost 25% lighter than standard folding transport chairs. The Chair also features breathable nylon upholstery, an attractive colored frame and comfortable, "restaurant-style" arms - so it can pull up to tables and eat comfortably. The chair not only has a fold-down back but is foldable for length-wise for easy transport. The backside of the chair contains a key ring and multiple pockets. Transport chairs make it easier for the loved ones and caregivers to help to get around in comfort and ease. Compared to a standard wheelchair, a transport chair requires a caregiver to push the chair. A transport wheelchair is much lighter than a wheelchair; plus, it is more compact which makes getting around town easier. This chair comes equipped with loop-lock hand brakes that are easy to operate and ideal for locking the rear wheels during transfers. It also has a seatbelt which keeps the passenger securely in place and it is compact when folded making it easy to lift into a car or carry up the stairs. It is equipped with a seat belt, comfortable nylon upholstery, full length permanent armrest, and detachable footrests. It has a 19 inch wide seat that can provide and a weight capacity of 300 pounds. Karma Travel Wheelchair KM TV 20.2: Karma Travel Wheelchair KM TV 20.2 - 606 T-6 aircraft-grade aluminum-alloy frame provides incredible strength. Easy-to-fold in three seconds. Karma Travel Wheelchair KM TV 20.2 Features: Type: Travel Wheelchair T-6 aircraft-grade aluminum Secure brake improve safety Padded flip back armrest PU front caster & rear wheel Karma Travel Wheelchair KM TV 20.2 Measurements: Weight: 8.9kg Seat width: 39.5cm Tyre: PU front casters and rear wheels Capacity: 100kg Folded size: (L/W/H): 610mm x 350mm x710mm. Ultra Lightweight Wheelchair: Its compact design and feather light weight makes it suitable for people on the go. Ultra Lightweight Wheelchair Specifications: Frame Style : Foldabl
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Travel Wheelchair For Handicapped With Special Health Care Needs - 0 views

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    A transport wheelchair is designed to only be propelled by another individual and is sometimes referred to as a companion chair or rollabout chair. Transport chairs have four small wheels instead of two small and two large. They come in different widths and weight capacities and are usually the same basic frame as a standard manual wheelchair. Lightweight Transport wheelchair is one of the the lightest transport chairs on the market, weighing in at only 19 lbs! With four great colors to choose from, this can be transported in style. A seat belt and swing-away removable footrests are standard and make it easy to get in and out of this chair. A fold-down back allows for easier storage and transport and padded armrests add additional comfort. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair: Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Specifications: Width 18" Front/Rear Wheels 6" to 14" Seat Width 47cm Seat Depth 40cm Overall Width 66cm Overall Collapsed Width 36cm Armrest Height 21cm Overall Length 90cm Seat Height 47cm Backrest Height 38cm Overall Height 86cm Weight 9.2 k.g. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Seat and Back: AEGIS Microbe Shield Approved by the FDA, EPA, EU, etc., bonded anti-microbial barrier upholstery protects from odor, staining and deterioration from bacteria, fungus and other microorganisms. It is a shield for your health. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Extended Armrest: By simulating the natural position of arms, the extended armrest design is ergonomic and creates bigger seating space. An Ultra lightweight wheelchair (9.2 kg) with a compact design for either attendant assisted or self propelling users. The use of aircraft-grade aluminium alloy and double cross brace provide this model with outstanding strength and durability. Karma Healthcare KM-2500 Premium Wheelchair is amazingly light and compact transit wheelchair which is ideal for outings and travelers. It folds down to take up virtually no sp
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Comfort And Ease Transport Wheelchairs - 0 views

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    Transport wheelchairs or companion chairs are companion wheelchairs where the purpose is for a companion to push the user. Most of transporters have swing-away leg rests, fixed armrests, and side panels. Instead of the usual 'large back - small front' wheels typical of most wheelchairs, light travel chairs have four small wheels providing much easier maneuverability of the chair. Transport chairs make it easier for loved ones and caregivers to help get around in comfort and ease. Compared to a standard wheelchair, a transport chair requires a caregiver to push the chair. A transport chair is much lighter than a wheelchair; plus, it is more compact which makes getting around town easier. This chair comes equipped with loop-lock hand brakes that are easy to operate and ideal for locking the rear wheels during transfers. It also has a seatbelt which keeps the passenger securely in place and it is compact when folded making it easy to lift into a car or carry up the stairs. Weighs just 23.5 lbs and is equipped with a seat belt, comfortable nylon upholstery, full length permanent armrest, and detachable footrests. It has a 19 inch wide seat that can provide and a weight capacity of 300 pounds. Karma KM 2500 L Big Wheel Wheelchair: Karma KM 2500 L Wheelchair Specifications: Width 18" Front/Rear Wheels 6" to 22" Seat Width 47cm Seat Depth 40cm Overall Width 66cm Overall Collapsed Width 36cm Armrest Height 21cm Overall Length 90cm Seat Height 47cm Backrest Height 38cm Overall Height 86cm Weight 11.kg Karma KM 2500 L Wheelchair Seat and Back: AEGIS Microbe Shield Approved by the FDA, EPA, EU, etc., bonded anti-microbial barrier upholstery protects from odor, staining and deterioration from bacteria, fungus and other microorganisms. It is a shield for your health. Karma KM 2500 L Wheelchair Extended Armrest By simulating the natural position of arms, the extended armrest design is ergonomic and creates bigger seating space. An
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Easy For Users Mount Travel Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Travel Wheelchair is constructed of tough and light aluminum. Its comfort features include nylon upholstery, swing-away footrests and padded armrests. The seatbelt adds safety, while the composite wheels make mobility convenient. This lightweight transport wheelchair is easy to fold and store compactly thanks to the back-release hinge. This foldable transport wheelchair is the ideal lightweight wheelchair for the quick transport of patients to and from treatment sites. It can even be used inside the home. A seatbelt is provided to secure an ailing or weak patient to the chair. The padded armrests and swing-away footrests are provided for comfort. This blue transport chair's nylon upholstery can be cleaned as needed. It can easily be stored as the rear hinge releases and folds down. This transport chair is also narrower than a manual chair--great for maneuvering tight hallways or narrow doorways in home. It folds up easily, and can be moved in and out of vehicle with ease. For extra convenience, each chair also comes with footrests that swing away, making it especially easy for users to mount and dismount faster and more safely. Transport Chair is a highly convenient solution to limited mobility needs. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair: Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Specifications: Width 18" Front/Rear Wheels 6" to 14" Seat Width 47cm Seat Depth 40cm Overall Width 66cm Overall Collapsed Width 36cm Armrest Height 21cm Overall Length 90cm Seat Height 47cm Backrest Height 38cm Overall Height 86cm Weight 9.2 k.g. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Seat and Back: AEGIS Microbe Shield Approved by the FDA, EPA, EU, etc., bonded anti-microbial barrier upholstery protects from odor, staining and deterioration from bacteria, fungus and other microorganisms. It is a shield for your health. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Extended Armrest: By simulating the natural position of arms, the extended armrest design is ergo
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Superior Quality And Strength Travel Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Transport wheelchairs are machines or equipment that facilitate for mobility and movement of wheelchair confined people at public places. While it is true that simple wheelchairs can do the trick, travel Wheelchair are specifically designed and manufactured to facilitate better roaming and mobility at malls, restaurants and parks where people usually converge to relax. A seat belt and swing-away removable footrests are standard and make it easy to get in and out of this chair. A fold-down back allows for easier storage and transport and padded armrests add additional comfort. The materials with which travel Wheelchair are made are of more superior quality and strength. That is because Travel Wheelchair are made very specifically to facilitate movement at public and outdoor places. Also, travel Wheelchair are made of materials that are highly durable to enable it to carry out its purpose. Thus, it is often that users complain about the limited usefulness and comfort of using the wheelchairs. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair: Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Specifications: Width 18" Front/Rear Wheels 6" to 14" Seat Width 47cm Seat Depth 40cm Overall Width 66cm Overall Collapsed Width 36cm Armrest Height 21cm Overall Length 90cm Seat Height 47cm Backrest Height 38cm Overall Height 86cm Weight 9.2 k.g. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Seat and Back: AEGIS Microbe Shield Approved by the FDA, EPA, EU, etc., bonded anti-microbial barrier upholstery protects from odor, staining and deterioration from bacteria, fungus and other microorganisms. It is a shield for your health. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Extended Armrest: By simulating the natural position of arms, the extended armrest design is ergonomic and creates bigger seating space. An Ultra lightweight wheelchair (9.2 kg) with a compact design for either attendant assisted or self propelling users. The use of aircraft-grade aluminium alloy and double
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