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Erich Feldmeier

Hafernick: CCD, Bienensterben: Parasit könnte Massensterben der Bienen mitver... - 0 views

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    "Wissenschaftler der San Francisco State University (USA) berichten jetzt im Fachjournal PLoS ONE von einer Fliegenart, die bisher nur als Parasit von Hummeln bekannt war. Diese Parasiten nisteten sich aber auch in Honigbienen ein, die daraufhin ihren Bienenstock verlassen, zu einem Rundflug aufbrechen und sterben. Bislang wurde die Fliege (Apocephalus borealis) in Kalifornien und South Dakota bei Bienen nachgewiesen. Wenn sie ein neuer Parasit sei, "könnte sie Bienenkolonien in ganz Nordamerika bedrohen", schreiben die Forscher. Ganz unwahrscheinlich sei das nicht. "Honigbienen gehören zu den am besten untersuchten Insekten auf der Welt", wird Hafernik in einer Mitteilung seiner Universität zitiert. "Also sollte man annehmen, dass wir diesen Parasit schon kennen, wenn er schon lange existiert.""
Erich Feldmeier

Stanford Bioengineers Introduce 'Bi-Fi' - The Biological Internet | School of Engineering - 0 views

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    "If you were a bacterium, the virus M13 might seem innocuous enough. It insinuates more than it invades, setting up shop like a freeloading houseguest, not a killer. Once inside it makes itself at home, eating your food, texting indiscriminately. Recently, however, bioengineers at Stanford have given M13 a bit of a makeover. The researchers, Monica Ortiz, a doctoral candidate in bioengineering, and Drew Endy, PhD, an assistant professor of bioengineering, have parasitized the parasite and harnessed M13's key attributes - its non-lethality and its ability to package and broadcast arbitrary DNA strands - to create what might be termed the biological Internet, or "Bi-Fi." Their findings were published online Sept. 7 in the Journal of Biological Engineering."
Walid Damouny

Researchers explore link between schizophrenia, cat parasite - 1 views

  • There are unusually low rates of schizophrenia and toxoplasmosis in countries where cats are rare, and unusually high rates in places where eating uncooked meat is customary.
    • Walid Damouny
       
      Something serious
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    "Johns Hopkins University scientists trying to determine why people develop serious mental illness are focusing on an unlikely factor: a common parasite spread by cats."
thinkahol *

Sex and the Red Queen hypothesis | KurzweilAI - 1 views

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    The hypothesis suggests that sexual reproduction via cross-fertilization keeps host populations one evolutionary step ahead of the parasites, which are frantically co-evolving to infect them. So both hosts and parasites are running (evolving) as fast as they can just to stay in the same place.
David Haow

Diversity of plant parasitic nematodes associated with common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris... - 0 views

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    Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are the most important legume staple food in Kenya coming second to maize. In Central Highlands of Kenya, the 0.4-0.5ton ha-1 output is below the genetic yield potential of 1.5-2ton ha-1 partly due pests and diseases. Plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) have been reported to cause yield losses of up to 60% on beans. Though bean production is important in the Central highlands of Kenya, information on PPN associated with the beans in the region is lacking. This study was therefore undertaken to establish the diversity of PPN associated with common beans and to assess the root knot nematode damage on beans in the region. The study covered 50 farms (32 in Kirinyaga and 18 in Embu Counties) distributed in eight localities namely Kibirigwi (L1), Makutano (L2), Kagio (L3), Mwea (L4) and Kutus (L5) in Kirinyaga County and Nembure (L6), Manyatta (L7) and Runyenjes (L8) in Embu County and covering three Agro Ecological Zones (AEZs); UM2 (L1, L2, L3 & L4), UM3 (L5, L7 & L8) and UM4 (L6) AEZs. Manyatta (L7) and Nembure (L6), had the highest and second highest gall indices, respectively, while Kibirigwi (L1), Makutano (L2) and Mwea (L4) had some of the lowest gall indices. The most common PPN in bean roots were Meloidogyne spp. Pratylenchus spp. and Scutellonema spp. with a frequency of 94.38%, 78.25% and 59.13%, respectively. This further confirm the importance of these nematodes in bean production systems. Upper Midland 3 (UM3) AEZs and UM4 had higher nematode population densities and diversity than UM2. Disease severity and nematode composition and distribution were notably low in the irrigated areas Kibirigwi, Kagio and Mwea compared to rain-fed areas such as Makutano, Nembure and Manyatta.
Erich Feldmeier

McConkey: Toxoplasmose Verhaltensforschung - Wie Parasiten die Hirnchemie ver... - 0 views

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    Schizophrenie als Infektionskrankheit? "Ihre Studie sei die erste, die darauf hindeute, dass ein Parasit den Dopamin-Signalweg direkt beeinflussen und so Verhaltensänderungen des Wirtes herbeiführen könne, schließen die Wissenschaftler. "Diese Ergebnisse legen einen möglichen Mechanismus der von T. gondii ausgelösten Verhaltensänderungen nahe.""
Erich Feldmeier

@biogarage Malaria-Erreger: Gerissener als gedacht - @bdw-redaktion - 0 views

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    "Plasmodium vivax ist ein unterschätzter Parasit. Zwar verursacht er jährlich bis zu 20 Millionen Malaria-Infektionen, kann sich in der Leber verstecken und von dort aus immer neue Krankheitsschübe auslösen. Doch die Malaria verläuft weniger tödlich als jene, die sein Verwandter Plasmodium falciparum auslöst. Falciparum wütet vor allem in Afrika. Gegen Vivax hingegen sind bis zu 95 Prozent der Bevölkerung südlich der Sahara resistent. Ihnen fehlt der sogenannte Duffy-Faktor, ein spezielles Protein auf der Oberfläche roter Blutkörperchen. Plasmodium vivax nutzt dieses Antigen als Andockstelle, um ins Innere der Zellen einzudringen. Fehlt es, muss er draußen bleiben - soweit die Theorie."
thinkahol *

Toxoplasmosis and psychology: A game of cat and mouse | The Economist - 0 views

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    There is tantalising evidence that a common parasite may affect human behaviour
Erich Feldmeier

@biogarage Katrin M. Meyer: Are plants more intelligent than we assumed? #microbiology ... - 0 views

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    "When analysing the seeds, the scientists came across a surprising discovery: "the seeds of the infested fruits are not always aborted, but rather it depends on how many seeds there are in the berries", explains Dr. Katrin M. Meyer, who analysed the data at the UFZ and currently works at the University of Goettingen"
Skeptical Debunker

Scientists reveal driving force behind evolution - 0 views

  • The team observed viruses as they evolved over hundreds of generations to infect bacteria. They found that when the bacteria could evolve defences, the viruses evolved at a quicker rate and generated greater diversity, compared to situations where the bacteria were unable to adapt to the viral infection. The study shows, for the first time, that the American evolutionary biologist Leigh Van Valen was correct in his 'Red Queen Hypothesis'. The theory, first put forward in the 1970s, was named after a passage in Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking Glass in which the Red Queen tells Alice, 'It takes all the running you can do to keep in the same place'. This suggested that species were in a constant race for survival and have to continue to evolve new ways of defending themselves throughout time. Dr Steve Paterson, from the University's School of Biosciences, explains: "Historically, it was assumed that most evolution was driven by a need to adapt to the environment or habitat. The Red Queen Hypothesis challenged this by pointing out that actually most natural selection will arise from co-evolutionary interactions with other species, not from interactions with the environment. "This suggested that evolutionary change was created by 'tit-for-tat' adaptations by species in constant combat. This theory is widely accepted in the science community, but this is the first time we have been able to show evidence of it in an experiment with living things." Dr Michael Brockhurst said: "We used fast-evolving viruses so that we could observe hundreds of generations of evolution. We found that for every viral strategy of attack, the bacteria would adapt to defend itself, which triggered an endless cycle of co-evolutionary change. We compared this with evolution against a fixed target, by disabling the bacteria's ability to adapt to the virus. "These experiments showed us that co-evolutionary interactions between species result in more genetically diverse populations, compared to instances where the host was not able to adapt to the parasite. The virus was also able to evolve twice as quickly when the bacteria were allowed to evolve alongside it."
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    Scientists at the University of Liverpool have provided the first experimental evidence that shows that evolution is driven most powerfully by interactions between species, rather than adaptation to the environment.
uzmaaamir

https://www.zindagi-mubark-ho.com/2021/04/virus-structure-types-microbiology.html - 0 views

Virus: Virus are microscopic parasite without host cell, virus cannot carryout their life-sustaining function or reproduced virus much smaller then bacteria ,the name of virus from Latin word me...

Science research Education TECHNOLOGY health

started by uzmaaamir on 11 Nov 22 no follow-up yet
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