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Skeptical Debunker

Human cells exhibit foraging behavior like amoebae and bacteria - 0 views

  • "As far as we can tell, this is the first time this type of behavior has been reported in cells that are part of a larger organism," says Peter T. Cummings, John R. Hall Professor of Chemical Engineering, who directed the study that is described in the March 10 issue of the Public Library of Science journal PLoS ONE. The discovery was the unanticipated result of a study the Cummings group conducted to test the hypothesis that the freedom with which different cancer cells move - a concept called motility - could be correlated with their aggressiveness: That is, the faster a given type of cancer cell can move through the body the more aggressive it is. "Our results refute that hypothesis—the correlation between motility and aggressiveness that we found among three different types of cancer cells was very weak," Cummings says. "In the process, however, we began noticing that the cell movements were unexpectedly complicated." Then the researchers' interest was piqued by a paper that appeared in the February 2008 issue of the journal Nature titled, "Scaling laws of marine predator search behaviour." The paper contained an analysis of the movements of a variety of radio-tagged marine predators, including sharks, sea turtles and penguins. The authors found that the predators used a foraging strategy very close to a specialized random walk pattern, called a Lévy walk, an optimal method for searching complex landscapes. At the end of the paper's abstract they wrote, "...Lévy-like behaviour seems to be widespread among diverse organisms, from microbes to humans, as a 'rule' that evolved in response to patchy resource distributions." This gave Cummings and his colleagues a new perspective on the cell movements that they were observing in the microscope. They adopted the basic assumption that when mammalian cells migrate they face problems, such as efficiently finding randomly distributed targets like nutrients and growth factors, that are analogous to those faced by single-celled organisms foraging for food. With this perspective in mind, Alka Potdar, now a post-doctoral fellow at Case Western Reserve University and the Cleveland Clinic, cultured cells from three human mammary epithelial cell lines on two-dimensional plastic plates and tracked the cell motions for two-hour periods in a "random migration" environment free of any directional chemical signals. Epithelial cells are found throughout the body lining organs and covering external surfaces. They move relatively slowly, at about a micron per minute which corresponds to two thousandths of an inch per hour. When Potdar carefully analyzed these cell movements, she found that they all followed the same pattern. However, it was not the Lévy walk that they expected, but a closely related search pattern called a bimodal correlated random walk (BCRW). This is a two-phase movement: a run phase in which the cell travels primarily in one direction and a re-orientation phase in which it stays in place and reorganizes itself internally to move in a new direction. In subsequent studies, currently in press, the researchers have found that several other cell types (social amoeba, neutrophils, fibrosarcoma) also follow the same pattern in random migration conditions. They have also found that the cells continue to follow this same basic pattern when a directional chemical signal is added, but the length of their runs are varied and the range of directions they follow are narrowed giving them a net movement in the direction indicated by the signal.
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    When cells move about in the body, they follow a complex pattern similar to that which amoebae and bacteria use when searching for food, a team of Vanderbilt researchers have found. The discovery has a practical value for drug development: Incorporating this basic behavior into computer simulations of biological processes that involve cell migration, such as embryo development, bone remodeling, wound healing, infection and tumor growth, should improve the accuracy with which these models can predict the effectiveness of untested therapies for related disorders, the researchers say.
Janos Haits

UnCollege - Hacking Your Education - 0 views

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    UnCollege isn't just an idea or a website. It's a movement. It's a lifestyle. We believe that college isn't the only path to success. UnCollege is a social movement changing the notion that going to college is the only path to success. We empower students to hack their education through resources, writing, and workshops. We believe that everyone can live an UnCollege life by hacking their education.
thinkahol *

Politics and eye movement: Liberals focus their attention on 'gaze cues' much different... - 0 views

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    In a new study, researchers measured both liberals' and conservatives' reaction to "gaze cues" -- a person's tendency to shift attention in a direction consistent with another person's eye movements. Liberals responded strongly to the prompts, consistently moving their attention in the direction suggested to them by a face on a computer screen. Conservatives, on the other hand, did not
Janos Haits

Terasem Movement Foundation: Welcome to the TMF, Inc. - 0 views

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     WWW.Lifenaut.com, is a project of the Terasem Movement Foundation, aimed at offering a form of digital immortality. The Lifenaut project recently launched a fully new version of its award winning website.
Erich Feldmeier

Ellen Jorgensen: Biohacking -- you can do it, too | Video on TED.com - 0 views

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    "The press had a tendency to consistently overestimate [biohackers'] capabilities and underestimate our ethics. We have personal computing, why not personal biotech? That's the question biologist Ellen Jorgensen and her colleagues asked themselves before opening Genspace, a nonprofit DIYbio lab in Brooklyn devoted to citizen science, where amateurs can go and tinker with biotechnology. Far from being a sinister Frankenstein's lab (as some imagined it), Genspace offers a long list of fun, creative and practical uses for DIYbio. Ellen Jorgensen is at the leading edge of the do-it-yourself biotechnology movement, which brings scientific exploration and understanding to the masses"
Erich Feldmeier

J. Lee, Vincent Harley: The male fight-flight response: MAO-A, A result of SRY regulati... - 0 views

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    "Males and females differ in their biobehavioural response to stress, where males exhibit a heightened sympathetic response to stress compared with females. Specifically, Taylor et al. 1 propose that the classic "fight-or-flight" response to stress is adaptive for males, whilst females engage in a so-called "tend-and-befriend" response to stress. We propose that the Y-chromosome gene, SRY (sex-determining region on the Y chromosome), provides a genetic basis for the heightened sympathetic reactivity to stress and thus predominance of "fight-flight" response in males. Our idea is based on studies that demonstrate (i) the presence of SRY in brain regions and peripheral tissues abundant in catecholamines, (ii) the regulation of catecholamine synthesis and breakdown by SRY, and (iii) the role of SRY in voluntary movement and blood pressure in males"
Janos Haits

Open Archives Initiative - 0 views

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    Standards for Web Content Interoperability The Open Archives Initiative develops and promotes interoperability standards that aim to facilitate the efficient dissemination of content. OAI has its roots in the open access and institutional repository movements. Continued support of this work remains a cornerstone of the Open Archives program. Over time, however, the work of OAI has expanded to promote broad access to digital resources for eScholarship, eLearning, and eScience.
Janos Haits

Wikimedia Foundation - 0 views

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    Wikimedia is a global movement whose mission is to bring free educational content to the world.
Erich Feldmeier

@biogarage New DIYBIO Belgium in Namur - 0 views

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    "This website is dedicated to the DIYbio movement and aims to facilitate the formation of a like-minded community in Belgium."
Janos Haits

Real Economy Lab | Real Economy Lab - 0 views

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    The Real Economy Lab provides an interactive platform where the cumulative knowledge, aims, and resources of the movement can be drawn together in order to seek common ground and drive coordinated action
Charles Daney

You can believe your eyes: New insights into memory without conscious awareness - 0 views

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    Scientists may have discovered a way to glean information about stored memories by tracking patterns of eye movements, even when an individual is unable (or perhaps even unwilling) to report what they remember.
thinkahol *

Minority rules: Scientists discover tipping point for the spread of ideas - 1 views

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    ScienceDaily (July 26, 2011) - Scientists at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have found that when just 10 percent of the population holds an unshakable belief, their belief will always be adopted by the majority of the society. The scientists, who are members of the Social Cognitive Networks Academic Research Center (SCNARC) at Rensselaer, used computational and analytical methods to discover the tipping point where a minority belief becomes the majority opinion. The finding has implications for the study and influence of societal interactions ranging from the spread of innovations to the movement of political ideals.
thinkahol *

Natural brain state is primed to learn - life - 19 August 2011 - New Scientist - 0 views

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    Apply the electrodes... Externally modulating the brain's activity can boost its performance. The easiest way to manipulate the brain is through transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which involves applying electrodes directly to the head to influence neuron activity with an electric current. Roi Cohen Kadosh's team at the University of Oxford showed last year that targeting tDCS at the brain's right parietal lobe can boost a person's arithmetic ability - the effects were still apparent six months after the tDCS session (newscientist.com/article/dn19679). More recently, Richard Chi and Allan Snyder at the University of Sydney, Australia, demonstrated that tDCS can improve a person's insight. The pair applied tDCS to volunteers' anterior frontal lobes - regions known to play a role in how we perceive the world - and found the participants were three times as likely as normal to complete a problem-solving task (newscientist.com/article/dn20080). Brain stimulation can also boost a person's learning abilities, according to Agnes Flöel's team at the University of Münster in Germany. Twenty minutes of tDCS to a part of the brain called the left perisylvian area was enough to speed up and improve language learning in a group of 19 volunteers (Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2008.20098). Using the same technique to stimulate the brain's motor cortex, meanwhile, can enhance a person's ability to learn a movement-based skill (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805413106).
anonymous

Dairy Farming Tips To Promote Enterprising Label - 0 views

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    As a subclass of agriculture, dairy farming is also a long-term enterprise that's producing milk and other dairy products. Farming a dairy involves heavy investment in terms of land, building, cows etc that's why supporting the movement of enterprising label the trivedi effect treated cows have shown an increase in milk production and reproduction too.
Janos Haits

NASA World Wind - 0 views

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    "World Wind is a free, open source API for a virtual globe. World Wind allows developers to quickly and easily create interactive visualizations of 3D globe, map and geographical information. Organizations across the world use World Wind to monitor weather patterns, visualize cities and terrain, track the movement of planes, vehicles and ships, analyze geospatial data, and educate people about the Earth."
Barry mahfood

Will Humans Become Attached to Robots? - 0 views

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    Will Humans Become Attached to Robots?Many have speculated about how humanity will react to robots. There are researchers who are focused entirely on making robots look more like humans, adding facial expressiveness, gestures and head movements like nods and shakes, all designed to help us accept robots into our lives. But I don't think that's going to be a problem.

anonymous

Dairy Farming Tips - 1 views

Be it a school kid, or a grown up adult or an old person, milk takes many forms like tea, health drink or coffee and becomes the one drink with which everyone starts their day. In addition to this ...

dairy farming milk production

started by anonymous on 12 Jan 15 no follow-up yet
anonymous

Must Know Features Of Dairy Farming - 1 views

Dairy farming is an industry that provides employment and livelihood to millions all over the world. It is also the foundation upon which the beef dairy industry is rested. Dairy farming ensures t...

dairy farming increase milk supply milk production livestock

started by anonymous on 29 Jan 15 no follow-up yet
anonymous

Illustrate The Process Applied On Organic Agriculture - 2 views

Organic agriculture is an essential emerging trend with farming and gardening. Nowadays it is getting very unpleasant, due to using chemical compounds for gardening and for that reason the fertilit...

mango production how to increase fruit organic sustainable agriculture farming trivedi science research

started by anonymous on 19 Dec 14 no follow-up yet
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