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Research in microbiology is done to determine how these organisms prove beneficial to human health. Microbial genetics also deals with the transfer of the desired gene from any source of the plant. Besides this, microbiological studies are involved with an end to end the study of each and every drug we use today.

The Trivedi Effect: Science experiments, researches and studies By Mahendra Trivedi. Impact on agriculture, dairy farming, poultry, biotechnology, genetics, materials science and microbiology.

"Hundreds of species of bacteria call the human gut their home. This gut "microbiome" influences our physiology and health in ways that scientists are only beginning to understand. Now, a new study suggests that gut bacteria can even mess with the mind, altering brain chemistry and changing mood and behavior. In recent years, researchers have become increasingly interested in how gut bacteria might influence the brain and behavior, says John Cryan, a neuroscientist at University College Cork in Ireland. So far, most of the work has focused on how pathogenic bugs influence the brain by releasing toxins or stimulating the immune system, Cryan says. One recent study suggested that even benign bacteria can alter the brain and behavior, but until now there has been very little work in this area, Cryan says."

""We probably have underestimated the role our microbial flora play in modulating disease risk," says Daniel Rader, a heart disease specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. Rader, who was not involved in the study, says that gut bacteria may not be as big a factor in causing heart disease as diabetes or smoking, but could be important in tipping some people toward sickness. Researchers led by Stanley Hazen, a cardiologist at the Cleveland Clinic, didn't start out to study gut bacteria. In fact, says Hazen, he had "no clue - zero," that intestinal microbes were involved in heart disease. "I'd never even considered it or thought of the concept." Hazen and his colleagues compared blood plasma from healthy people to plasma from people who had had heart attacks, strokes or died to see if substances in the blood could predict who is in danger from heart disease. The researchers found 18 small molecules associated with fat buildup in the arteries. One of the best predictors turned out to be a byproduct made when gut bacteria break down a fat called choline (also known as lecithin). The more of this byproduct, called trimethylamine N-oxide or TMAO, a person or mouse has in the blood, the higher the risk of getting heart disease, the researchers found. Gut bacteria are actually middlemen in TMAO production. The microbes convert lecithin to a gas that smells like rotten fish. Then an enzyme in the liver changes the foul-smelling gas to TMAO."

"Hundreds of species of bacteria call the human gut their home. This gut "microbiome" influences our physiology and health in ways that scientists are only beginning to understand. Now, a new study suggests that gut bacteria can even mess with the mind, altering brain chemistry and changing mood and behavior. In recent years, researchers have become increasingly interested in how gut bacteria might influence the brain and behavior, says John Cryan, a neuroscientist at University College Cork in Ireland. So far, most of the work has focused on how pathogenic bugs influence the brain by releasing toxins or stimulating the immune system, Cryan says. One recent study suggested that even benign bacteria can alter the brain and behavior, but until now there has been very little work in this area, Cryan says."

"Researchers say they want to emphasize, however, that the HPV vaccine commonly used by millions of women around the world is perfectly safe if done prior to infection with the virus. The concerns raised by this study relate only to viral therapies or possible use of a therapeutic vaccine after the virus has already been integrated into human cells. "It's been known for decades that only women with prior infection with HPV get cervical cancer," said Andrey Morgun, an assistant professor and a leader of the study in the OSU College of Pharmacy. "In about 90 percent of cases it's naturally eliminated, often without any symptoms. But in a small fraction of cases it can eventually lead to cancer, in ways that have not been fully understood.""

"The results are published in Nature Medicine today. Co-author Stanley Hazen, head of cardiovascular medicine at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio, says that the study could signal a new approach to diet and health. In some cases, an individual's collection of intestinal microbes may be as important to their diet as anything on a nutrition label, he says. "Bacteria make a whole slew of molecules from food," he says, "and those molecules can have a huge effect on our metabolic processes.""

"uBiome is a citizen science project that allows the public access to cutting edge sequencing technology to understand their health through the microbiome. How does the microbiome affect my health? We are all covered in trillions of microbes -- in fact, they outnumber human cells 10:1. The trillions of bacteria live on and in us are collectively called the microbiome. Like the rainforest, the healthy human microbiome is a balanced ecosystem. The correct balance of microbes keeps potential pathogens in check and regulates our immune system. Microbes also perform essential functions such as digesting food and synthesizing vitamins. Studies have also linked the microbiome to human mood and behavior, as well as many gut disorders, eczema, and chronic sinusitis."

"When the right microorganisms are at work, immune cells involved in the development of autoimmune illnesses like psoriasis, multiple sclerosis and arthritis, can develop anti-inflammatory properties. Scientists at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland, have now made this discovery. Their work is published in the current issue of the scientific journal Nature*. The scientists were able to prove that particular fungi activate the immune cells involved in the development of certain illnesses, whereas other microorganisms, in particular bacteria that are found naturally on our skin, lend an anti-inflammatory function to them. "This not only demonstrates that the composition of our microflora has a decisive role in the development of chronic illnesses, but also that the key cells causing illness can develop an anti-inflammatory 'twin'," explained Dr. Christina Zielinski, first author of the study."

"For 20 years, researchers have reported a potential link between gum disease and atherosclerotic heart disease from hardening of the arteries or stroke. "The message sent out by some in health-care professions, that heart attack and stroke are directly linked to gum disease, can distort the facts, alarm patients and perhaps shift the focus on prevention away from well-known risk factors for these diseases," said Dr. Peter Lockhart, a professor and chair of oral medicine at the Carolinas Medical Center in Charlotte, N.C. Lockhart wrote the heart group's new position statement in the journal Circulation. The statement was prepared after a three-year analysis of about 600 studies by an expert panel led by a dentist and a cardiologist."

"Durch die Ergebnisse der Genanalyse vorgewarnt ließ Michael Snyder regelmäßig seine Blutzuckerwerte untersuchen. Zu Beginn der Studie waren sie noch normal, dies änderte sich allerdings plötzlich nach einer Grippeinfektion. Die Erkrankung hatte offenbar die Entwicklung des Typ-2-Diabetes in Gang gesetzt. Doch durch die frühzeitigen Veränderungen seiner Ernährung, durch Bewegung und leichte Medikamente konnte der Wissenschaftler den Blutzuckerspiegel wie"

"The project was kick-started by a huge public response to the team's research into the genetics of gut bacteria. In a previous study the researchers found that certain gut-specific genetic markers were related to obesity and other diseases. "I got between 50 and 100 e-mails from regular people having problems with the stomach or diarrhoea and wondering if we can help them," Peer Bork, a biochemist and co-creator of MyMicrobes, told Nature. This new website will build on that work, whilst also providing support for concerned members of the public."

"But, "one has to be cautious. This is exciting science in rodents, but you can't just extrapolate to humans," says Emeran Mayer, a gastroenterologist and neuroscientist at UCLA's Center for Neurobiology of Stress who was not involved in the new study. Drug and food companies that make probiotics - beneficial bacteria taken in a pill or eaten in food such as yogurt - hope the products can help relieve depression, improve weight loss and cure other conditions, but there is little evidence in people that probiotics can accomplish those goals, Mayer says. "It's almost like science fiction; you can imagine the most amazing things because so little is known about it," he says. But, "So far there's really no evidence that probiotics affect emotions in humans." "

Schizophrenie als Infektionskrankheit? "Ihre Studie sei die erste, die darauf hindeute, dass ein Parasit den Dopamin-Signalweg direkt beeinflussen und so Verhaltensänderungen des Wirtes herbeiführen könne, schließen die Wissenschaftler. "Diese Ergebnisse legen einen möglichen Mechanismus der von T. gondii ausgelösten Verhaltensänderungen nahe.""

" Moving Beyond Belly Button Biodiversity…we will study the species living with you on your body but also in the other biomes of YOUR household. If you want to know who is hiding in your refrigerator or mating in the pillow where you rest your head, we can help you. When you look beside you in bed, you notice no more than one animal (alternative lifestyles and cats notwithstanding). For nearly all of our history, our beds and lives were shared by multitudes. Live in a mud-walled hut in the Amazon, and bats will sleep above you, spiders beside you, the dog and cat not far away, and then there are the insects beating themselves stupid against the dwindling animal-fat flame. In addition, your gut would be filled with intestinal worms, your body (and nearly everything else) covered in multitudes of unnamed microbes, and your lungs occupied by a fungus uniquely your own."

"Mäuse mit der Darmflora der Übergewichtigen wurden dick, die anderen blieben hingegen schlank. Als die Forscher nun beide Mäusegruppen gemeinsam hielten, übertrugen sich die schlankmachenden Bakterien auch auf die dicken und ließen sie abmagern. Doch diese Übertragung fand nicht statt, wenn die Tiere fettreich ernährt wurden. Die Ergebnisse der Forscher um Jeffrey Gordon von der Washington University School of Medicine ergänzen kürzlich erschienene Studien, die bereits einen Zusammenhang zwischen den Eigenschaften der Darmflora eines Menschen und dessen Körpergewicht beziehungsweise Stoffwechsel aufgezeigt hatten. Die aktuelle Studie belegt nun allerdings konkret: Eine Neigung zum Übergewicht beziehungsweise Schlanksein hängt direkt mit den Darmbakterien zusammen und lässt sich mit ihnen sogar übertragen. Es zeichnen sich nun außerdem mikrobielle Drahtzieher ab: Bakterien aus der Gruppe der Bacteroides scheinen Schlanke vor übermäßiger Gewichtszunahme zu schützen."

"Faulheit und Fast Food sind nicht die einzigen Ursachen für Übergewicht, da sind sich Mediziner heute sicher. So simpel ist unser Stoffwechsel nicht gestrickt. Wie viel Fett wir ansetzen, entscheiden unzählige Faktoren, die zum Teil noch gar nicht genau erforscht sind. Die Verdauung zum Beispiel. Eine Studie des Biomediziners Oluf Pedersen von der Universität Kopenhagen zeigt nun, dass Übergewicht eng mit der Darmflora verknüpft ist: Menschen, deren Darm von zahlreichen unterschiedlichen Bakterienstämmen besiedelt ist, haben ein geringeres Risiko, dick zu werden, schreiben Pedersen und sein Team im Magazin Nature. "

"Als eine der Ursachen für die Ausbreitung multipler Antibiotika-Resistenzen gilt bereits der massive Einsatz von Antibiotika in der Massentierhaltung. In diesem Zusammenhang belegt eine statistische Studie aus den USA nun konkret: Wer in der Nachbarschaft zu einem Schweinemastbetrieb wohnt, hat ein erhöhtes Risiko für eine Infektion mit den multiresistenten Keimen. "

"Für ihre Studie verabreichten die Forscher Mäusen eine Substanz, die Reaktionen wie bei einer Infektion auslöst: Die Tiere aßen und tranken kaum und verloren schließlich an Körpergewicht. Bereits wenige Stunden nach dem Auslösen dieses experimentellen Krankheitszustandes belegten Untersuchungen, dass die Oberfläche des Dünndarms der Versuchstiere L-Fucose bildete. Dies stellten die Forscher nur im Rahmen der „krankheitsbedingten" Appetitlosigkeit fest. Normalerweise ist diese Zuckerform im Darm von Mäusen nämlich kaum nachweisbar."