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De piètres gestionnaires qui ratissent large C’est là que, en France, le bât blesse. Les chefs de gouvernement et leurs équipes ont globalement été de piètres gestionnaires en laissant filer la dépense publique.  On pourrait multiplier les exemples, qu’il s’agisse de l’utilisation de la «cagnotte fiscale» par Lionel Jospin lorsque la croissance avait permis d’engranger des rentrées fiscales plus importantes que prévu, ou du bouclier fiscal inventé par Dominique de Villepin et renforcé par Nicolas Sarkozy, ou bien de la TVA à taux réduit pour les restaurateurs. Contentons-nous de noter que, par exemple, la plupart des niches fiscales sont l’expression d’un laxisme budgétaire, à l’exception de celles qui permettent de créer des emplois. On en compte aujourd’hui 468 - soit une cinquantaine de plus en sept ans   – qui coûtent 75 milliards d’euros à l’Etat . Comble de l’ironie, les services de Bercy eux-mêmes viennent d’établir un rapport indiquant que 53 milliards d’euros de manque à gagner dû à ces niches sont totalement inutiles, inefficaces ou se trompent d’objectifs. Autant dire que cet argent est jeté par les fenêtres depuis des années. L’Etat peut donc faire encore plus que les économies supplémentaires d’un milliard d’euros cette année et onze milliards en 2012 annoncées par François Fillon le 24 août, après un premier coup de rabot à 10 milliards en 2011. La question posée est surtout celle des arbitrages, et donc de la politique budgétaire à mener. Gouverner, c’est choisir. L’importance prise par ces niches montre que le choix a fait défaut. L’indiscipline budgétaire est l’expression d’une vision à court terme des gouvernants. La règle d’or que l’on veut aujourd’hui inscrire dans le marbre, n’est rien d’autre que le constat de l’incapacité des responsables politiques à gérer. Mais parce qu’ils ont failli depuis des décennies, faudrait-il couper les ailes de l’Etat pour l’empêcher d’intervenir même à bon escient? Pas sûr qu’une règle constitutionnelle soit une réponse adaptée au problème de la dette. Ni, en l’occurrence, que le dogme puisse remplacer le courage politique.

Crises there will continue to be. In meeting them, whether foreign or domestic, great or small, there is a recurring temptation to feel that some spectacular and costly action could become the miraculous solution to all current difficulties. A huge increase in newer elements of our defenses; development of unrealistic programs to cure every ill in agriculture; a dramatic expansion in basic and applied research -- these and many other possibilities, each possibly promising in itself, may be suggested as the only way to the road we wish to travel.But each proposal must be weighed in the light of a broader consideration: the need to maintain balance in and among national programs, balance between the private and the public economy, balance between the cost and hoped for advantages, balance between the clearly necessary and the comfortably desirable, balance between our essential requirements as a nation and the duties imposed by the nation upon the individual, balance between actions of the moment and the national welfare of the future. Good judgment seeks balance and progress. Lack of it eventually finds imbalance and frustration. The record of many decades stands as proof that our people and their Government have, in the main, understood these truths and have responded to them well, in the face of threat and stress. But threats, new in kind or degree, constantly arise. Of these, I mention two only.

Now this conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience. The total influence -- economic, political, even spiritual -- is felt in every city, every Statehouse, every office of the Federal government. We recognize the imperative need for this development. Yet, we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications. Our toil, resources, and livelihood are all involved. So is the very structure of our society.In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. We should take nothing for granted. Only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper together.

Today, the solitary inventor, tinkering in his shop, has been overshadowed by task forces of scientists in laboratories and testing fields. In the same fashion, the free university, historically the fountainhead of free ideas and scientific discovery, has experienced a revolution in the conduct of research. Partly because of the huge costs involved, a government contract becomes virtually a substitute for intellectual curiosity. For every old blackboard there are now hundreds of new electronic computers. The prospect of domination of the nation's scholars by Federal employment, project allocations, and the power of money is ever present -- and is gravely to be regarded.Yet, in holding scientific research and discovery in respect, as we should, we must also be alert to the equal and opposite danger that public policy could itself become the captive of a scientific-technological elite.

The government has also expressed its dissatisfaction with the company. It was also learned Saturday that Tepco employees may not have placed enough importance on cracks found at its nuclear facilities during inspections. The employees apparently believed there was no need to repair the damage and did not report the problem. They based their decision on similar cases abroad that had not been considered dangerous, sources said. Cracks are usually caused by decay and stress. A number of similar problems have been reported in the United States and Europe since the 1990s. Cracked shrouds are usually replaced in Japan. In the U.S. and Europe, however, they are often mended, or left alone if the damage is not considered dangerous, the sources said. The Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency at the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry plans to investigate the suspected coverup when it begins inspecting the three Tepco plants on Monday. The investigation is to cover the Fukushima No. 1 and No. 2 plants and the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa facility -- one of the world's largest nuclear power plants. TEPCO and its subcontractor may have acted illegally in their alleged failure to report the damage, according to the agency.