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thinkahol *

Long-term solitary confinement: a method of torture - 0 views

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    19-01-2011 Medical evidence has shown that long-term solitary confinement is a form of torture. Dr Joost J den Otter, Medical Director at the International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (IRCT), adds that while there is no doubt about the damage caused by long periods of isolation, solitary confinement for a short period may also cause psychological harm. Dr den Otter highlights the fact that many qualitative and quantitative scientific studies have documented how solitary confinement in prison has damaging health effects. He asserts that the scientific debate on solitary confinement as a method of torture has been settled for many years, but that it seems there is still confusion among policy makers, prison authorities, and the general public. A recent commentary published by the Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law about solitary confinement and mental illness in U.S. Prisons, the authors, Jeffrey L. Metzner and Jamie Fellner, support Dr den Otter's judgment. "Isolation can be psychologically harmful to any prisoner, with the nature and severity of the impact depending on the individual, the duration of confinement, and particular conditions (e.g., access to natural light, books, or radio). Psychological effects can include anxiety, depression, anger, cognitive disturbances, perceptual distortions, obsessive thoughts, paranoia, and psychosis". In August 2010, Physicians for Human Rights published a report (Experiments in Torture) which added to the growing body of evidence that solitary confinement causes psychological harm consistent with torture. In an interview with 'Life's Little Mysteries', Dr Scott Allen, one of the authors of the paper, said that solitary confinement "can lead to anxiety, depression, certainly disorientation, [and] it can even lead to thought disorders including psychotic thoughts." He added "The consequences can be significant." This backs up researcher Peter Scharff Smith, of The Danis
Heather McQuaid

A Brief Guide to Embodied Cognition: Why You Are Not Your Brain | Guest Blog, Scientifi... - 0 views

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    a brief history of embodied cognition and links to articles/experiments that support the theory.
anonymous

Psychology Programs Online and On Campus: Overview | Psychology Matters | Scoop.it - 0 views

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    Want information about psychology programs online or on campus? This page will tell you about their content, where to locate suitable programs, the prospects, and more ...
Maxime Lagacé

All About Living with Life: 7 Psychological Needs of Children - 3 views

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    A healthy growth of your child needs to be satisfied with certain psychological needs. To understand and promote the growth of your child you need to understand his psychological needs:
Caramel Crow

Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience - Wikibooks, collection of open-content... - 1 views

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Heather McQuaid

Collaborative fixation: Effects of others' ideas on brainstorming - Kohn - 2010 - Appli... - 0 views

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    Three experiments examined whether or not fixation effects occur in brainstorming as a function of receiving ideas from others. Exchanging ideas in a group reduced the number of domains of ideas that were explored by participants. Additionally, ideas given by brainstormers conformed to ideas suggested by other participants. Temporal analyses showed how the quantity, variety and novelty of ideas fluctuate over the course of a brainstorming session. Taking a break modulated the natural decline over time in the quantity and variety of ideas. Although fixation was observed in brainstorming in terms of conformity and restriction of the breadth of ideas, it did not influence the number of ideas generated in these experiments.
thinkahol *

YouTube - Ian McEwan & Steven Pinker: A Conversation Part 1 - 0 views

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    Ian McEwan is a world-renowned Booker Prize-winning English novelist and screenwriter. Steven Pinker is a Canadian-American experimental psychologist, cognitive scientist, and author of popular science. Pinker is known for his wide-ranging advocacy of evolutionary psychology and the computational...
thinkahol *

YouTube - Steven Pinker - Changing Minds - 0 views

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    "theRSAorg | March 12, 2010 Professor Steven Pinker talks to Jonathan Carr-West about evolutionary psychology and cognition."
thinkahol *

YouTube - Explorations of the Mind: Well-Being - 0 views

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    Daniel Kahneman is an internationally renowned psychologist whose work spans cognitive psychology, behavioral economics, and the science of well-being. In recognition of his groundbreaking work on human judgment and decision-making, Kahneman received the 2002 Nobel Prize. In this program he explores
thinkahol *

The Blog : Drugs and the Meaning of Life : Sam Harris - 1 views

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    Everything we do is for the purpose of altering consciousness. We form friendships so that we can feel certain emotions, like love, and avoid others, like loneliness. We eat specific foods to enjoy their fleeting presence on our tongues. We read for the pleasure of thinking another person's thoughts. Every waking moment-and even in our dreams-we struggle to direct the flow of sensation, emotion, and cognition toward states of consciousness that we value.Drugs are another means toward this end. Some are illegal; some are stigmatized; some are dangerous-though, perversely, these sets only partially intersect. There are drugs of extraordinary power and utility, like psilocybin (the active compound in "magic mushrooms") and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), which pose no apparent risk of addiction and are physically well-tolerated, and yet one can still be sent to prison for their use-while drugs like tobacco and alcohol, which have ruined countless lives, are enjoyed ad libitum in almost every society on earth. There are other points on this continuum-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "Ecstasy") has remarkable therapeutic potential, but it is also susceptible to abuse, and it appears to be neurotoxic.[1]One of the great responsibilities we have as a society is to educate ourselves, along with the next generation, about which substances are worth ingesting, and for what purpose, and which are not. The problem, however, is that we refer to all biologically active compounds by a single term-"drugs"-and this makes it nearly impossible to have an intelligent discussion about the psychological, medical, ethical, and legal issues surrounding their use. The poverty of our language has been only slightly eased by the introduction of terms like "psychedelics" to differentiate certain visionary compounds, which can produce extraordinary states of ecstasy and insight, from "narcotics" and other classic agents of stupefaction and abuse.
anonymous

Scientists Discover What Our Brain Is Doing When We Become Aware That We Are Dreaming |... - 0 views

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    A team of researchers in Germany have discovered the source of human awareness in the brain through the analysis of dreams.
Maxime Lagacé

A Hunger for Certainty | Psychology Today - 0 views

  • Your brain doesn't like uncertainty
  • Certainty on the other hand feels rewarding, and we tend to steer toward it, even when it might be better for us to remain uncertain.
  • A vast prediction machine
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • ion machin
  • A vast predic
  • A vast predi
  • You don't just hear; you hear and predict what should come next. You don't just see; you predict what you should be seeing moment to moment.
  • That's because uncertainty feels, to the brain, like a threat to your life.
  • Uncertainty is like an inability to create a complete map of a situation. With parts missing, you're not as comfortable as when the map is complete.
  • It's all about the burst of dopamine we get when a circuit is completed. It feels good - but that doesn't mean it's good for us all the time.
  • It explains why we prefer things we know over things that might be more fun, or better for us, but are new and therefore uncertain.
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    The brain needs to be certain. Here's why.
Heather McQuaid

BPS Research Digest: Elizabeth Loftus: Prestige-enhancing memory distortions - 0 views

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    people overestimate their contribution to group work
nat bas

News Blog Articles | Stereotyping Increases With Age | Miller-McCune Online Magazine - 0 views

  • A decade ago, a research team led by William von Hippel of the University of Queensland challenged that assumption. The psychologists proposed that older people may exhibit greater prejudice because they have difficulty inhibiting the stereotypes that regularly get activated in all of our brains. They suggested an aging brain is not as effective in suppressing unwanted information — including stereotypes.
  • This finding supports our suggestion that older adults are more likely to make stereotypic inferences during comprehension, and that this stereotyping carries over into their later memory for that information
  • older adults are no more likely than younger adults to rely on stereotypes, and are similarly capable of altering their interpretation of a situation when information suggests that information is incorrect.
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  • In real life, of course, no one is pointing out biased statements as they emerge from the mouths or friends, family members or talk-show hosts. So for older adults, the best advice might be to avoid acquaintances who speak in stereotypes. This research suggests prejudice can be contagious, and we become more susceptible as our brains age.
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    we are all prejudiced, and judge through making use of stereotypes- but older people find it difficult to suppress them, whereas we do it quite efficiently. Good news is, if these stereotypes are challenged, they see the light and shed their prejudices.
Vickie Ranz

Against Intuition - ChronicleReview.com - 0 views

  • f anything can be pursued in an armchair, philosophy can," the esteemed Oxford philosopher Timothy Williamson told the Aristotelian Society, of London, a few years ago. That may sound like an innocuous
  • Experimental philosophers also draw on work by contemporary psychologists demonstrating just how malleable human cognition is, how easily redirected and reshaped it is by external cues, even as the conscious mind remains blissfully unaware. Opinions on crime and punishment, for instance, can be altered by placing people in a dirty room designed to trigger feelings of disgust: Subjects in such experiments respond more punitively when asked what should be done to certain hypothetical criminals.
    • Vickie Ranz
       
      If Intuition means (knowledge) - understanding without apparent effort, quick and ready insight seemingly independent of previous experiences or empirical knowledge (with an emphasis on empirical knowledge), then this test isn't a good test. I think intuition is a deeper process than experiencing something or even learning about something and drawing a new conclusion from that experience or new knowledge. Maybe it is something as simple as seeing linkages that haven't been pointed out by anyone else and making educated guesses. But, then again, maybe it is something as mysterious as tapping into an unconscious web of collective knowledge and all people really are linked to one another spiritually.
  • They think that by studying human minds, using empirical techniques, and drawing on the insights of modern psychological science, they can get a better sense of where intuitions come from, and whether or when they should be granted credence.
    • Vickie Ranz
       
      Using several different methods to look at a problem is a way of opening up thought so that more possibilities can be explored. And, if more possibilties can be explored, then, more conclusions can be drawn and tested for relevancy. I don't think that this is a bad thing. Take for example the writer who uses art as a spring board for new ideas or to expand his/her thinking in order to write newer/fresher things -- to get past static thinking.
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    An article on "Experimental Philosophy", and the "x-phi" movement.
Caramel Crow

Cognition and Language Lab: Why admissions interviews should be abandoned - 0 views

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