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UCLA researchers now have the first evidence that bacteria ingested in food can affect brain function in humans. In an early proof-of-concept study of healthy women, they found that women who regularly consumed beneficial bacteria known as probiotics through yogurt showed altered brain function, both while in a resting state and in response to an emotion-recognition task.

Engineers at MIT and the University of California at San Diego (UCSD) have devised a new way to detect cancer that has spread to the liver, by enlisting help from probiotics - beneficial bacteria similar to those found in yogurt.

Links to teacher's guide for October articles Eating with your eyes: The Chemistry of Food Colorings Tooth Decay: A Delicate Balance Probiotics: Good bactria good health Dirt? Who needs it? How hydroponics is poised to change the world Light in the cellar of the sea

2:21 video New research on mice demonstrates a way to use designer bacteria as a non-invasive test for cancer.

Research has revealed striking differences in the trillions of bacteria - a.k.a., the microbiome - in the intestines of children with and without autism. But the gut bacteria in individuals with autism aren't just different. Researchers at the California Institute of Technology have shown for the first time that they may actually contribute to the disorder. They reported in the journal Cell in December 2013 that an experimental probiotic therapy alleviated autism-like behaviors in mice and are already planning a clinical trial.