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The study is the first to examine all of the gene networks affected by fructose that result in changes to brain function and metabolism-more than 20,000 genes in total. Although the study was conducted using rats, the researchers report that the majority of the sequenced genes are comparable to those in humans, including more than 200 genes in the hippocampus, a brain area crucial to memory, and 700 in the hypothalamus, the seat of the brain's metabolic control center.

It's a common saying that elephants never forget. But the more we learn about elephants, the more it appears that their impressive memory is only one aspect of an incredible intelligence that makes them some of the most social, creative, and benevolent creatures on Earth. Alex Gendler takes us into the incredible, unforgettable mind of an elephant.

When you leave the house, does your dog or cat even remember you? Read More: A Rat's Tenacious Memory http://www.indiana.edu/~rcapub/v17n1/... "In the wild, rats scramble over the network of pathways they have created, combing their surroundings for food, water, mates, and shelter. Their movements may seem automatic to the untrained eye, simply a reflexive pattern. Decades ago, however, researchers established that rats know where they are going and remember where they have been."

The conclusion is that the high-fat diet triggered chronic inflammation, which in turn triggered an autoimmune response in the mice's central nervous systems. Normally this response protects the brain from invaders like bacteria, but a high-saturated fat diet knocks the process off track, resulting in damage to synapses in the brain - specifically in the hippocampus. Since the hippocampus is a brain area central to memory and learning, the eventual outcome is impaired brain function. In short, the high-fat diet caused brain damage.

Promising animal model work utilizing gene therapy.