"students appear to have a subjective threshold; they are willing to invest a certain amount of energy in any given assignment, and once the limit is reached outsourcing is sought as the means to quit without losing the qualification" "[Contract Cheating Firm's] marketing is pervasive and hard to dismiss, predicated on the students' perceived risks of failure and the disparity of students' abilities to deliver solutions that meet the academic requirements of their course"

"an average student who participates in online discussion will score 25 percentile points higher on course exams than an average student who participates in classroom discussion"