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The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to provide support for New Investigators from backgrounds nationally underrepresented in biomedical and behavioral research to conduct small research projects in the scientific mission areas of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The R21 is intended to support small research projects that can be carried out in a short period of time with limited resources and seeks to facilitate the transition to research independence of New Investigators from backgrounds underrepresented in the biomedical and behavioral sciences. The R21 grant mechanism supports different types of projects including pilot and feasibility studies; secondary analysis of existing data; small, self-contained research projects; development of research methodology; and development of new research technology.

The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) announces a program that provides NIDDK-supported K01, K08, and K23 recipients the opportunity to apply for Small Grant (R03) support at some point during the final two years of their K award. Through the use of this mechanism, the NIDDK is seeking to enhance the capability of its K01, K08, and K23 award recipients to conduct research as they complete their transition to fully independent investigator status. The R03 grant mechanism supports different types of projects, including pilot and feasibility studies; secondary analysis of existing data; small, self-contained research projects; development of research methodology; and development of new research technology. The R03 is, therefore, intended to support research projects that can be carried out in a short period of time with limited resources and that may provide preliminary data to support a subsequent R01, or equivalent, application.

The prevalence of obesity is increasing in people with HIV (PWH), contributing to multiple complications associated with this condition. There is mounting evidence that there are unique mechanisms contributing to the development of obesity in PWH versus people without HIV. Furthermore, the biology of the adipocytes might be altered in overweight or obese PWH versus overweight or obese people without HIV. This FOA seeks applications to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of how HIV and antiretroviral drugs used for therapy or pre-exposure prophylaxis contribute to the development of obesity and alter adipocyte and adipose tissue function as well as the effects of these processes on metabolic and physiological processes within the mission of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).

The NIH Research Education Program (R25) supports research educational activities that complement other formal training programs in the mission areas of the NIH Institutes and Centers. The over-arching goals of the NIH R25 program are to: (1) complement and/or enhance the training of a workforce to meet the nation's biomedical, behavioral and clinical research needs; (2) encourage individuals from diverse backgrounds, including those from groups underrepresented in the biomedical and behavioral sciences, to pursue further studies or careers in research; (3) help recruit individuals with specific specialty or disciplinary backgrounds to research careers in biomedical, behavioral and clinical sciences; and (4) foster a better understanding of biomedical, behavioral and clinical research and its implications.