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The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Science Mission Directorate (SMD) released its annual omnibus Research Announcement (NRA), Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) - 2020 (OMB Approval Number 2700-0092, CFDA Number 43.001) on February 14, 2020. In this case "omnibus" means that this NRA has many individual program elements, each with its own due dates and topics. All together these cover the wide range of basic and applied supporting research and technology in space and Earth sciences supported by SMD. Awards will be made as grants, cooperative agreements, contracts, and inter- or intra-agency transfers, depending on the nature of the work proposed, the proposing organization, and/or program requirements. However, most extramural research awards deriving from ROSES will be grants, and many program elements of ROSES specifically exclude contracts, because contracts would not be appropriate for the nature of the work solicited. The typical period of performance for an award is three years, but some programs may allow up to five years and others specify shorter periods. In most cases, organizations of every type, Government and private, for profit and not-for-profit, domestic and foreign (with some caveats), may submit proposals without restriction on teaming arrangements. Tables listing the program elements and due dates, the full text of the ROSES-2020 solicitation, and the "Summary of Solicitation" as a stand-alone document, may all be found NSPIRES at http://solicitation.nasaprs.com/ROSES2020.

Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) embodies an important forward-looking response by the Foundation to these profound challenges. NNA seeks innovations in fundamental convergence research across the social, natural, environmental, computing and information sciences, and engineering that address the interactions or connections among natural and built environments and social systems, and how these connections inform our understanding of Arctic change and its local and global effects. This solicitation requests proposals that fall within one of three tracks: NNA Planning Grants, dedicated to developing convergence research questions and teams to tackle projects of larger scope in the future; NNA Research Grants, aimed to support creative projects on fundamental research that address convergent scientific and engineering challenges related to the rapidly changing Arctic; and NNA Collaboratory Grants, designed to support collaborative teams undertaking research and training initiatives on critical themes of a broad scope related to the New Arctic.

The USGS is offering a funding opportunity to a CESU partner for research on ⿿Characterizing Hybridization of the Pallid Sturgeon and Evaluating Analyses to Improve Species Identification and Assess the Threat of Introgression.⿝ Considerable uncertainty exists regarding the nature, frequency and extent of hybridization between the endangered pallid sturgeon and the common shovelnose sturgeon throughout its range. Resolving this uncertainty is crucial to developing management strategies to recover endangered sturgeon and to prioritize management actions in the large river ecosystems where they reside. Current genetic markers and analyses are insufficient to adequately characterize hybridization between these species and research is needed to identify pathways forward to rapidly develop cost-effective genetic tools.

The USGS is offering a funding opportunity to a CESU partner for research on ⿿Characterizing Hybridization of the Pallid Sturgeon and Evaluating Analyses to Improve Species Identification and Assess the Threat of Introgression.⿝ Considerable uncertainty exists regarding the nature, frequency and extent of hybridization between the endangered pallid sturgeon and the common shovelnose sturgeon throughout its range. Resolving this uncertainty is crucial to developing management strategies to recover endangered sturgeon and to prioritize management actions in the large river ecosystems where they reside. Current genetic markers and analyses are insufficient to adequately characterize hybridization between these species and research is needed to identify pathways forward to rapidly develop cost-effective genetic tools.

The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to support innovative research that will develop and apply computational tools and methods for modeling interactions between infectious agents and their hosts, disease spread, prediction systems and response strategies. The models should be useful to researchers, policymakers, or public health workers who want to better understand and respond to infectious diseases. This research opportunity encourages applications from institutions/organizations that propose to provide the scientific and public health communities better resources, knowledge, and tools to improve their ability to prepare for, identify, detect, control, and prevent the spread of infectious diseases caused by naturally occurring or intentionally released pathogens, including those relevant to biodefense.

The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to support innovative research that will develop and apply computational tools and methods for modeling interactions between infectious agents and their hosts, disease spread, prediction systems and response strategies. The models should be useful to researchers, policymakers, or public health workers who want to better understand and respond to infectious diseases. This research opportunity encourages applications from institutions/organizations that propose to provide the scientific and public health communities better resources, knowledge, and tools to improve their ability to prepare for, identify, detect, control, and prevent the spread of infectious diseases caused by naturally occurring or intentionally released pathogens, including those relevant to biodefense.

The Biological Anthropology Program supports basic research in areas related to human evolution and contemporary human biological variation. Research areas supported by the program include, but are not limited to, human genetic variation, human adaptation, human osteology and bone biology, human and nonhuman primate paleontology, functional anatomy, and primate socioecology. Grants supported in these areas are united by an underlying evolutionary framework, and often a consideration of adaptation as a central theoretical theme. Many proposals also have a biocultural orientation. The program frequently serves as a bridge within NSF between the social and behavioral sciences and the natural and physical sciences, and proposals are commonly jointly reviewed and funded with other programs.

The Biological Anthropology Program supports basic research in areas related to human evolution and contemporary human biological variation. Research areas supported by the program include, but are not limited to, human genetic variation, human adaptation, human osteology and bone biology, human and nonhuman primate paleontology, functional anatomy, and primate socioecology. Grants supported in these areas are united by an underlying evolutionary framework, and often a consideration of adaptation as a central theoretical theme. Many proposals also have a biocultural orientation. The program frequently serves as a bridge within NSF between the social and behavioral sciences and the natural and physical sciences, and proposals are commonly jointly reviewed and funded with other programs.

The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to stimulate research in the interplay between cell death pathways in nave and drug resistant cancers. Regulated cell death, especially apoptosis and necroptosis, are natural barriers that restrict malignant cells from surviving and disseminating. Evasion of cell death mechanisms is one of the hallmarks of cancer contributing to tumor progression, metastases and resistance to therapy. Recent studies show that the machinery to activate different forms of cell death coexists in cells but the crosstalk of cell death pathways in cancer has not been systematically studied. Research into the intersection of cell death programs will allow for better defining markers of cell death pathway at the molecular level and offers the possibility that the specific mediators of cell survival may be inhibited and/or the mediators of cell death enhanced, driving nave and drug resistant cancer cells toward effective cell death.

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) supports research related to the basic understanding of microbiology and immunology leading to the development of vaccines, therapeutics, and medical diagnostics for the prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of infectious and immune-mediated diseases. Through this solicitation, the NIAID Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation plans to support the early stage discovery and initial characterization of novel adjuvant candidates. Thus, research solicited under this acquisition will contribute to the pipeline of new adjuvant leads that either (a) exploit the natural capacity of the innate immune system to initiate and sustain effective T and B cell responses and to induce long term immune memory or (b) act directly on lymphocytes to enhance their response to pathogen-derived antigens.

The Geobiology and Low-Temperature Geochemistry Program supports research on 1) the interactions between biological and geological systems at all scales of space and time; 2) geomicrobiology and biomineralization processes; 3) the role of life in the transformation and evolution of the Earth's geochemical cycles; 4) inorganic and organic geochemical processes occurring at or near the Earth's surface now and in the past, and at the broad spectrum of interfaces ranging in scale from planetary and regional to mineral-surface and supramolecular; 5) mineralogy and chemistry of soils and sediments; 6) surficial chemical and biogeochemical systems and cycles and their modification through natural and anthropogenic change; and 7) development of tools, methods, and models for low-temperature geochemistry and geobiological research - such as those emerging from molecular biology - in the study of the terrestrial environment.

The Linguistics Program supports basic science in the domain of human language, encompassing investigations of the grammatical properties of individual human languages, and of natural language in general. Research areas include syntax, semantics, morphology, phonetics, and phonology. The program encourages projects that are interdisciplinary in methodological or theoretical perspective, and that address questions that cross disciplinary boundaries, such as (but not limited to): What are the psychological processes involved in the production, perception, and comprehension of language? What are the computational properties of language and/or the language processor that make fluent production, incremental comprehension or rapid learning possible? How do the acoustic and physiological properties of speech inform our theories of language and/or language processing? What role does human neurobiology play in shaping the various components of our linguistic capacities? How does language develop in children? What social and cultural factors underlie language variation and change?

The Barth Syndrome Foundation, Inc. (BSF) and its international affiliates are pleased to announce the availability of funding for basic science and clinical research on the natural history, biochemical basis, and treatment of Barth syndrome. Starting in 2013, there will be two types of grant awards: IDEA grants for 1-2 years and DEVELOPMENT grants for 2-3 years with budgetary maximums of US $50,000 or $100,000, respectively over the full period. BSF's Research Grant Program allows young, non-tenured investigators to include in their submitted budget up to 75% of the direct costs amount as PI salary (10% for established investigators). In addition, for those clinical applications where volunteers must travel to a clinical research site, these travel expenses will be handled separately and will not be included in the application budget limitation. We encourage all investigators at every professional level to submit their best ideas for advancing the state of knowledge about Barth syndrome so that progress can be made in finding a specific treatment or a cure for this unusual mitochondrial disease. There are no geographical limitations to this funding.

The CSBR program provides for enhancements that secure and improve existing collections, result in accessible digitized specimen-related data, and develop better methods for specimen curation and collection management. Requests should demonstrate a clear and urgent need to secure the collection, and the proposed activities should address that need. Biological collections supported include established living stock/culture collections, vouchered non-living natural history collections, and jointly-curated ancillary collections such as preserved tissues and DNA libraries.

The Division of Environmental Biology (DEB) supports fundamental research on populations, species, communities, and ecosystems. Scientific emphases range across many evolutionary and ecological patterns and processes at all spatial and temporal scales. Areas of research include biodiversity, phylogenetic systematics, molecular evolution, life history evolution, natural selection, ecology, biogeography, ecosystem structure, function and services, conservation biology, global change, and biogeochemical cycles. Research on organismal origins, functions, relationships, interactions, and evolutionary history may incorporate field, laboratory, or collection-based approaches; observational or manipulative experiments; synthesis activities; as well as theoretical approaches involving analytical, statistical, or computational modeling.

The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to support innovative, multidisciplinary, interactive, and synergistic program projects that integrate basic, translational, and clinical approaches to understanding the developmental biology and genetic basis of significant congenital human malformations. To contain costs, each program project will consist of only three component research projects, as well as associated cores. At least one project must use basic research in an animal model system and at least one project must be clinical or translational in nature. The component research projects must share a common central theme, focus, or objective on a specific major developmental defect or malformation that is genotypically, mechanistically, biologically, or phenotypically analogous or homologous in both animal models and humans. Any non-mammalian or mammalian animal model may be used, as long as it contributes to the common overall theme or objective of the program project.  The component research projects should share a common developmental gene, process, mechanism, pathway, or phenotype.

The annual Pancreatic Cancer Action Network-AACR Research Career Development Awards represent a joint effort to encourage and support junior faculty who have completed their most recent doctoral degree or medical residency within the past eleven years to conduct pancreatic cancer research and establish successful career paths in the field. The research proposed for funding may be basic, translational, clinical or epidemiological in nature and must have direct applicability and relevance to pancreatic cancer.

The National Multiple Sclerosis Society mobilizes people and resources to drive research for a cure and to address the challenges of people affected by MS. To that end, the society is accepting applications for its Pilot Grant Program, which provides high-risk pilot grants for the testing of novel ideas that may serve to advance its mission of stopping MS progression, restoring function, improving quality of life, and preventing MS. The program supports fundamental as well as applied studies, non-clinical or clinical in nature, including projects in patient management, care, and rehabilitation.

The Centers of Excellence on Environmental Health Disparities (EHD) research program is a collaborative effort supported by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that encourages basic, biological, clinical, epidemiological, behavioral and/or social scientific investigations of disease conditions that are known to be a significant burden in low socioeconomic and health disparate populations. The centers define environmental health disparities as inequities in illnesses that are mediated by disproportionate exposures associated with the social, natural and built environments. The kick-off meeting will feature presentations from each of the five funded centers highlighting their proposed research.

Purpose This FOA is intended to support research on lupus through a longitudinal study designed to follow an established, US-based., population-based cohort with lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus {SLE} and skin lupus) of all ages to determine over time: o The treatment, health care access, and natural history (severity, morbidity, mortality, etc.) of cohort members, o Factors (including genetic and other biological factors such as antibody levels) associated with these outcomes, and o The above by categories of research interest (e.g., age, gender, race/ethnic group). Knowledge of such information for lupus, which is associated with strong age/sex/race disparities and has had little public health research, can help identify missed opportunities for better treatment, help identify new disease phenotypes based on progression of disease, and help identify factors associated with progression that may play a role in secondary and tertiary prevention. 

The mission of the Biomedical Engineering (BME) program is to provide opportunities to develop novel ideas into discovery-level and transformative projects that integrate engineering and life science principles in solving biomedical problems that serve humanity in the long-term.  The Biomedical Engineering (BME) program supports fundamental research in the following BME themes: Neural engineering (brain science, computational neuroscience, brain-computer interface, neurotech, cognitive engineering) Cellular biomechanics (motion, deformation, and forces in biological systems; how mechanical forces alter cell growth, differentiation, movement, signal transduction, transport, cell adhesion, cell cytoskeleton dynamics, cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions; genetically engineered stem cell differentiation with long-term impact in tissue repair and regenerative medicine) The BME projects must be at the interface of engineering and life sciences, and advance both engineering and life sciences.  The projects should focus on high impact transforming methods and technologies. The project should include methods, models and tools of understanding and controlling of living systems; fundamental improvements in deriving information from cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems; new approaches to the design of structures and materials for eventual medical use in the long-term; and new novel methods of reducing health care costs through new technologies. The projects should emphasize the advancement of fundamental engineering knowledge, possibly leading to the development of new methods and technologies in the long-term; and highlight multi-disciplinary nature, integrating engineering and the sciences. The long-term impact of the projects can be related to disease diagnosis and/or treatment, improved health care delivery, or product development.

DARPA seeks new methods for analysis and decoding of neural signals in order to understand how neural stimulation could be applied to facilitate recovery of memory encoding following brain injury. Ultimately, it is desired to develop a prototype implantable neural device that enables recovery of memory in a human clinical population. Additionally, the program encompasses the development of quantitative models of complex, hierarchical memories and exploration of neurobiological and behavioral distinctions between memory function using the implantable device versus natural learning and training.

The Pancreatic Cancer Action Network-AACR Fellowship represents a joint effort to encourage and support a postdoctoral or clinical research fellow who is in the first three years of his/her fellowship training (at the start of the grant term) to conduct pancreatic cancer research and establish a successful career path in this field. The research proposed for funding may be basic, translational, clinical or epidemiological in nature and must have direct applicability and relevance to pancreatic cancer.