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Through this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), the National Cancer Institute (NCI) invites R21 applications for exploratory/developmental research projects designed to solve specific problems and paradoxes in multiple myeloma (MM) and disparities research identified as the NCI Multiple Myeloma Disparities Provocative Questions (MMD PQs). These problems and paradoxes phrased as questions are not intended to represent the full range of NCI's priorities in multiple myeloma research. Rather, they are meant to challenge cancer researchers to think about and elucidate specific problems in key areas of multiple myeloma and disparities research that are deemed important but have not received sufficient attention. The FOA includes six Multiple Myeloma PQs that represent diverse fields relevant to multiple myeloma disparities research, but all are framed to inspire interested scientists to conceive new approaches and/or feasible solutions. Each research project (application) proposed in response to this FOA must be focused on addressing one particular research problem defined by one specific MMD PQ selected from the list. Projects proposed to address specific MMD PQs may use strategies that incorporate ideas and approaches from multiple disciplines, as appropriate. Transdisciplinary projects are encouraged as long as they serve the scientific focus of the specific PQ chosen.

Through this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), the National Cancer Institute (NCI) invites R01 applications for research projects designed to solve specific problems and paradoxes in multiple myeloma (MM) and disparities research identified as the NCI Multiple Myeloma Disparities Provocative Questions (MMD PQs). These problems and paradoxes phrased as questions are not intended to represent the full range of NCI's priorities in multiple myeloma research. Rather, they are meant to challenge cancer researchers to think about and elucidate specific problems in key areas of multiple myeloma and disparities research that are deemed important but have not received sufficient attention. The FOA includes six Multiple Myeloma PQs that represent diverse fields relevant to multiple myeloma disparities research, but all are framed to inspire interested scientists to conceive new approaches and/or feasible solutions. Each research project (application) proposed in response to this FOA must be focused on addressing one particular research problem defined by one specific MMD PQ selected from the list. Projects proposed to address specific MMD PQs may use strategies that incorporate ideas and approaches from multiple disciplines, as appropriate. Transdisciplinary projects are encouraged as long as they serve the scientific focus of the specific PQ chosen.

Significant advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology and molecular biology of multiple myeloma have identified numerous molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. Immunotherapeutic approaches (e.g., Daratumumab and Elotuzumab) have established themselves in the armamentarium for multiple myeloma, and ongoing adoptive cell therapy trials provide encouraging signs of clinical activity. As immune-based therapeutic agents continue to advance their way through the clinic, there is a critical need for increased understanding of the role that the immune system plays in myeloma disease biology, disease progression, and therapeutic response and resistance. The knowledge developed through this RFP will be critical to fully developing precision immunotherapy for the treatment of myeloma.

To advance these goals, the society's Translational Research Program was developed to encourage and provide early support for clinical research in leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma that aim to develop innovative approaches to treatment, diagnosis, and prevention. The program is designed to support new and innovative research that demonstrates high promise for translating basic biomedical knowledge to clinical application. Projects should be based on molecular, cellular, or integrated systems findings and be conceptually innovative.