Nyefrank

In that case we held that: "The statutory prerequisites to liability under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 are: (1) that the defendant act `under color of' state or local law, and (2) that the plaintiff be subjected to a `deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws.' * * *" (Footnote omitted.) Stringer v. Dilger, supra.

This duty to accommodate is perfectly consistent with the well-established due process principle that, "within the limits of practicability, a State must afford to all individuals a meaningful opportunity to be heard" in its courts. Boddie, 401 U. S., at 379 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).20 Our cases have recognized a number of affirmative obligations that flow from this principle: the duty to waive filing fees in certain family-law and criminal cases,21 the duty to provide transcripts to criminal defendants seeking review of their convictions,22 and the duty to provide counsel to certain criminal defendants.23 Each of these cases makes clear that ordinary considerations of cost and convenience alone cannot justify a State's failure to provide individuals with a meaningful right of access to the courts. Judged against this backdrop, Title II's affirmative obligation to accommodate persons with disabilities in the administration of justice cannot be said to be "so out of proportion to a supposed remedial or preventive object that it cannot be understood as responsive to, or designed to prevent, unconstitutional behavior." Boerne, 521 U. S., at 532; Kimel, 528 U. S., at 86.24 It is, rather, a reasonable prophylactic measure, reasonably targeted to a legitimate end. For these reasons, we conclude that Title II, as it applies to the class of cases implicating the fundamental right of access to the courts, constitutes a valid exercise of Congress' §5 authority to enforce the guarantees of the Fourteenth Amendment. The judgment of the Court of Appeals is therefore affirmed.

The National Center for State Courts, working alongside the members of the Elder Abuse and the Courts Working Group, is involved in a number of follow-up activities to develop services the courts can use. For more information on the Elder Abuse and the Courts Working Group, con-tact Brenda Uekert, Ph.D. (buekert@ncsc.dni.us) of NCSC's Research and Technol-ogy Division. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Page 3 3Courts looking for the latest information on ways to improve jury service can turn to a new edition of Jury Trial Innovations (JTI), the National Center for State Courts' best-selling guide to techniques used nationwide to make jury service more appealing to the public and to help jurors become more effective decision makers. This new edition was updated by G. Thomas Munsterman and Paula L. Hannaford-Agor, of NCSC's Center for Jury Studies, and G. Marc White-head, chair of the Jury Initiatives Task Force of the American Bar Association's Section of Litigation, who were editors of the original edition published in 1997.This new edition looks at innova-tions courts have tried in the decade since the first edition was published, especially those involving the model of "the interactive juror"-that is, innovations focused on how jurors organize information, how to keep jurors actively involved in trial proceedings, The new edition of Jury Trial Innovations will be available in July 2006 and can be ordered through NCSC's online bookstore accessible through the "Communications" page on NCSC's Web site (www.ncsconline.org).NCSC Updates Jury Trial Innovationsand how jurors test what they see and hear against their own beliefs and values. After exploring "How Jurors Make Decisions: The Value of Trial Innovations," JTI discusses innovations in six areas:1. Jury Administration and Management 2. Voir Dire3. Pretrial Management4. Trial Procedures5. Jury Instructions and Deliberations6. Post-Verdict Co

Therefore, even under Bell Atlantic, the Supreme Court does not require "heightened fact pleading of specifics, but only enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." 127 S.Ct at 1974. We further note, unlike the requirement articulated in Bell Atlantic that under Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2), a complaint must contain allegations sufficient to show a "plausible" entitlement to relief, there is nothing in the OOC Procedural Rules requiring that an administrative complaint filed with the OOC show an entitlement to relief, Thus, § 5.01 (c)(1) of the Procedural Rules requires only that an administrative complaint include: "(iv) a description of the conduct being challenged…; (v) a brief description of why the complainant believes the challenged conduct is a violation of the Act and the section(s) of the Act involved; (vi) a statement of the relief or remedy sought…."

Dawn 10/24/2008 - 11:13am Riverside County Sheriff, Coroner, DA Rod Pacheco, the fire department all participated in a cover up. Even Victims Advocate in DA office lied and said there was not a elders advocate in the county. A 68 year old Senior Nye Frank was attacked by a 27 year old man. Ty Reddish has had professional wrestling training, adult base ball pitcher and a history of combative behavior. Sheriff originally told us not investigating because no injuries and it was a heart attack. We asked to meet with coroner and made a apppointment. To our surprise Special Investigator showed up and a Sargent from the Homicide investigation department. We had tried calling them for weeks. They would not let us talk to the pathologist, and would not take statments of other recent combative incidences of Ty Reddish with others living nearby. They would not release the sheriff report or autopsy. Finally with help of a National victims advocate and another call from a special investigator(they investigate misconduct} internal affairs stepped in to make the DA office release the reports. The day befor our family was told of the release a news paper guy from Press Enterprise called us . He said he felt we had a story. He informed us he had a copy of the autopsy. We were surprised as we were working actively to get one. We requested him to fax it to us . We met with him, told him our side. But he put in the newspaper front page 5 months after incident that it was a heart attack (autopsy says no heart attack) and a fist fight when only one person hit. DA prosecutor threatened to arrest 72 year old wife if we pursued the case. She was allowed to close the case as exceptional and moved from the Riverside County DA to San Bernardino. During a conversation with newsman he admitted prosecutor Daima Calhoun was his girl friends roommate. The corner has homicide with natural c

Did you mean: http://www.ndaa.org/apri/index.html Custom Search APRI Home PageAPRI provides training and technical assistance to the National District Attorneys Association, and maintains specialized units focusing on such areas as ... www.ndaa.org/apri/index.html Topic - Related Links - National Criminal Justice Reference ServiceAmerican Prosecutors Research Institute (APRI) http://www.ndaa.org/apri/index.html. American Prosecutors Research Institute (APRI): DNA Forensics Program ... www.ncjrs.gov/App/Topics/MoreLinks.aspx?TopicId=29 APRI Highlights - American Prosecutors Research InstituteAs an affiliate of the National District Attorneys Association (NDAA), APRI's mission is to provide America's 27000 local prosecutors -- the elected and ... www.ndaa.org/publications/newsletters/apri_highlights_index.html RESEARCH - Health Organizations Directory Resultshttp://www.aicr.org/site/PageServer; American Prosecutors Research Institute (details) http://www.ndaa.org/apri/index.html; American Society for Clinical ... www.4woman.gov/Search/catalog.cfm?searchtype=orgtopic&topic=547 NDAA/APRI PublicationsCurrent names, addresses, telephone and fax numbers of America's Prosecutors at your fingertips. $35.00 NDAA members; $50.00 Non-members ... www.ndaa.org/publications/apri/index.html PND - NPO Spotlight - American Prosecutors Research Institute99 Canal Center Plaza, Suite 510. Alexandria, VA 22314. Fax: (703) 836-3195. E-mail: jennie.drimmer@ndaa-apri.org. URL: http://www.ndaa.org/apri/Index.html ... foundationcenter.org/pnd/spotlight/spotlight.jhtml;jsessionid=UD1JINHJ5FL5DLAQBQ4CGXD5AAAACI2F?id=1300058 Related Linkshttp://www.apsac.org. American Prosecutors Research Institute http://www.ndaa.org/apri/Index.html. American Psychiatric Association http://www.psych.org ... childabuse.georgiacenter.uga.edu/links.phtml SearchNDAA's affiliate, American Prosecutors Research Institute (APRI) provides specialized training/technical assi

Administrative requests are unusual situations that require authorization from the Deputy Director.

Problems with the Legal System Problems with law enforcement (19%) were viewed as barriers to service delivery for APS clients and were manifested in such areas as: lack of training for law enforcement staff, inadequate criminal investigations, low rates of prosecution, and unwillingness of the courts to deal with APS issues. One state mentioned that no single agency had authority to investigate allegations of adult abuse, neglect and exploitation and that coordination among agencies was problematic. Another state mentioned that neglect and exploitation cases may sit in the prosecutor's office for six to nine months with no action. A lack of coordination and collaboration between APS agencies and law enforcement was mentioned by several states.

(G) any right to a preliminary hearing under Rule 5.1, and the general circumstances, if any, under which the defendant may secure pretrial release. (3