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Defining Adequate Vitamin D Intake : Cross-sectional and Intervention Studies Viljakainen, Heli Tuulikki University of Helsinki 2008-05-23 Doctoral dissertation (article-based) Vitamin D is required for normal bone growth and maintenance of the skeleton throughout life. In Finland, like in many other Western countries, the population suffers from inadequate or deficient vitamin D status, especially during winter, which is thought to increase the risk of osteoporosis. New strategies to prevent osteoporosis are actively being sought. The main objective of this thesis was to determine whether vitamin D is feasible in the primary prevention of osteoporosis; does it affect bone mineral accrual during the growth period? A second goal was to ascertain whether seasonal variation in calcitropic hormones affects bone remodelling, and to elucidate the vitamin D intake needed to overcome this variation in different age groups. In summary, vitamin D intake remains inadequate among the target groups of this thesis, as reflected by seasonal variation in calcitropic hormones and bone metabolism. Dietary intake of vitamin D should be increased to achieve at least an adequate vitamin D status (S-25-OHD>50 nmol/l) and possibly an optimal vitamin D status (S-25-OHD>80 nmol/l) throughout the year. This could be accomplished by introducing new vitamin D-fortified foods to the market."

Native to North America, raspberry leaf has been used by the indigenous people, including the Cherokee and Iroquois of North America, for many generations. Used as an infusion of the raspberry leaves, it has been used primarily in the area of women's health, especially during pregnancy and breast-feeding.

Over recent years there has been much debate on whether or not pregnant women should be routinely advised to take iron supplements during pregnancy. Many feel that it is unnatural, and women have been having children for centuries without additional iron, so why can't we?

Vitamin B complex (which includes B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, folic acid and biotin) is a group of essential nutrients that have various functions during pregnancy. Many of these water-soluble vitamins are found in the same foods. My due date is DD12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031MMJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYYYY20112012 Please do not fill out this box, it's to trap spam.

Although as your pregnancy advances you usually tend to feel hungrier, you don't have to eat for two. As with many things in life, it is quality not quantity that counts so you may have to change the proportions of various foods that you eat rather than the quantity to increase the intake of specific nutrients.

Eating fruit and vegetables every day is vital for good health. Worryingly, most Irish people, and especially Irish children, do not eat nearly enough of these essential foods. Fruit and vegetables are packed with many essential nutrients, including vitamin C, folate and other B vitamins, provitamin A and other carotenoids, iron, calcium, potassium and dietary fibre.

You're running late, you've overslept, and need to make the bus. Out of bed, a quick wash, throw on some clothes. Breakfast? No time! Does this scenario sound familiar? For so many of us, rushing around in the morning means that we either miss breakfast completely, or we grab some fast food on the way to work or school.

A glass of wine or a gin and tonic is an enjoyable part of many people's lives, but do alcohol and pregnancy mix? We know that alcohol passes via the placenta to your baby. So, is it safe to drink alcohol and if so, how much is safe?

Children spend long hours in front of the box - so what? If you watch TV for 3 hours per day, by the time you reach the age of 70 you will have spent almost 9 years watching TV. Many children spend more time watching TV than they spend in school.

It's difficult for most people to maintain a healthy, balanced diet while living their busy schedules, which is certainly why supplements and vitamins have become increasingly popular over the past few years. And one such product that is really beginning to catch on is green lipped mussel supplements, and when you look at all the related benefits, it's easy to understand why.

With the many available products on the market that deal with health, it is very important to choose the best tasting protein powder. This is the most dependable option that provides the body with the exact nutrient.

When cheese is made from curd, the watery part of the milk separates from curd. This watery part is called whey that is loaded with proteins and hence called whey protein. It is used as protein supplement by those who have lactose intolerance. It is also used for treating many diseases and also fo...

The modern age people have become quite busy in their life, be it personal or at the workplace that they do not find adequate time for themselves. There are many, who would like to appear good and feel great. It could be that they are growing fat, because of the wrong diet and lack of proper exercis...

Many foods with so-called 'health halos' can be diet disasters. Here are four foods that may be fooling you.

Now you might be thinking what is the key to a successful love relationship? Many experts say that relationships work on the foundation of trust, love, respect, honesty and patienc

Trying a slimmer and sexier frame is no lofty ambition. Many human beings have succeeded in sculpting their physiques to cause them to look healthful and acceptable. However, this quit is not attained in just a snap or skipping one night time's dinner. For some humans, patience is not a distinctive feature.

Due to the sheer popularity of high protein and low carbohydrate diet, many athletes and bodybuilders tend to neglect carbohydrates totally. Yes, carbohydrates are converted to fat and stored in the body, and it can be disastrous for a bodybuilder wanting lean muscles. But, proper use of carbohydrat...

There can be many instances when you would feel you need a supplement to gain more muscle mass. Lean individuals often find it very hard to gain weight through usual meals while some bodybuilders experience a sudden halt in their muscle growth rate. So, if you are looking to gain more mass, the most...