Vitamin D status affects serum parathyroid hormone concentrations during winter in female adolescents: associations with forearm bone mineral density.
Outila TA, Kärkkäinen MU, Lamberg-Allardt CJ.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Aug;74(2):206-10.
PMID: 11470722
Conclusion: A large percentage of adolescent females have low vitamin D status during the winter in Finland, which seems to have negative effects on bone health.
Vitamin D deficiency and bone health in healthy adults in Finland: could this be a concern in other parts of Europe?
Lamberg-Allardt CJ, Outila TA, Kärkkainen MU, Rita HJ, Valsta LM.
J Bone Miner Res. 2001 Nov;16(11):2066-73.
PMID: 11697803
Low vitamin D status was prevalent in these young adults in northern Europe in winter, although the vitamin D intake met the recommendation. This probably is not a local problem for northern Europe, because the natural sources of vitamin D are scarce and fortification is not very common in Europe, and with the exception of the southern part of Europe, sunshine is not very abundant in this part of the world. Thus, the results of this study indicate that more attention should be focused on vitamin D status and the sources of vitamin D in these countries.