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arytman716

Viral Meningitis Facts and Information - Disabled World - 1 views

  • Meningitis involves an inflammation of the membranes or, "meninges," that cover a person's spinal cord and brain.
  • Detail:
  • Meningitis caused by a viral infection is sometimes referred to as, 'aseptic meningitis,' and is serious, although rarely fatal in people with average immune systems.
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  • Additional and more rare causes of meningitis include parasites, fungi, and causes that are non-infectious such as ones related to drugs.
  • Symptoms in Infants:
  • Causes and Symptoms of Viral Meningitis
  • While different viral infections can lead to viral meningitis, the majority of people who get viral meningitis in America, especially during the summer or fall, get it because of the, 'enteroviruses.'
  • dditional viral infections that may lead to meningitis include herpesvirus, mumps, influenza, measles, and the varicella-zoster virus, which is the cause of both shingles and chickenpox.
  • The, 'lymphocytic choriomeningitis,' virus, a virus spread by rodents, is also a cause of viral meningitis, although it is rare.
  • he majority of people with viral meningitis recover on their own within a couple of weeks. Antibiotics do not help with viral infections and are not useful in treating viral meningitis.
  • Fever Irritability Poor eating Hard to wake up
  • Symptoms in Older Children/Adults
  • Nausea Stiff neck Vomiting High fever Sleepiness Lack of appetite Severe headache Trouble waking up Sensitivity to bright light
  • Diagnosing Viral Meningitis
  • Bacterial meningitis is another story – it can be extremely serious and may result in either disability or death if it is not treated quickly.
  • Finding the exact cause of viral meningitis can sometimes be achieved through tests that show which virus a person is infected with, although identifying the exact virus causing meningitis can be difficult.
  • Due to the fact that the symptoms of viral meningitis are similar to the ones of bacterial meningitis which is often more severe and has the potential to be fatal, it is important for people who are suspected of having meningitis to pursue medical care, and have their spinal fluid tested.
  • A diagnosis of viral meningitis is usually achieved through laboratory tests of a person's spinal fluid, gained through a, 'spinal tap.'
  • The Spread of Viral Meningitis
  • Following these good hygiene practices will help to reduce your chances of becoming infected with a virus, or giving one so someone else:
  • he mumps, varicella-zoster, and enteroviruses can also spread through either direct or indirect contact with respiratory secretions such as sputum, saliva, or nasal mucus from a person who has been infected
  • The viruses may also remain on surfaces for days, transferring from other objects, or spread directly when a person who is infected coughs or sneezes, sending droplets containing the virus into the air another person breathes.
  • The period of time involved from when a person first becomes infected until they develop symptoms is referred to as the, 'incubation period.' The incubation period for enteroviruses is between 3 and 7 days.
  • A person who is infected is commonly contagious from the time they first develop symptoms until they no longer experience symptoms. People with low immune systems and children might spread the infection even after their symptoms have disappeared.
  • Preventing Viral Meningitis
  • Following good hygiene practices can help you to reduce the spread of viruses like measles, mumps, herpesviruses, and enteroviruses
  • Preventing the various viral infections that are out there from infecting you involves some specific measures.
  • Preventing the spread of these viruses can be hard because people who have become infected may not seem to be sick and have the ability to spread them to other people
  • he different viruses that cause viral meningitis are spread in different ways. Enteroviruses, for example, are the most common cause of viral meningitis and are most often spread through direct contact with the stool of a person who is infected.
  • Clean Surfaces that are Contaminated:
  • Clean doorknobs, handles, the TV remote control – clean them with soap and water and then disinfect them with a bleach-based cleaning product or a solution of ¼ cup of bleach to 1 gallon of water.
  • Viruses that cause viral meningitis can spread through either direct or indirect contact with respiratory secretions; it is important to cover your cough with a tissue or at least your upper arm. Once you have used a tissue, throw it away. Wash Your Hands!
  • Cover Your Cough:
  • Things To Avoid:
  • Avoid sharing eating utensils, drinking glasses, or other items with people who are sick or others if you are sick. Avoid bites from insects and mosquitoes that have the potential to carry diseases that can infect you - it can help to reduce your risk for viral meningitis.
  • Vaccinations:
  • There are vaccinations that can help to protect children against some of the diseases that may lead to viral meningitis, such as the measles and mumps vaccine (MMR), and the chickenpox vaccine.
  • Wash Your Hands:
  • Wash your hands thoroughly, and wash them often. It is particularly important to wash your hands after using the toilet, changing a diaper, blowing your nose, or coughing.
msmith365

CDC Telebriefing: Status of Serogroup B Meningitis Cases in the United States | CDC New... - 1 views

  • So, I’m going to give a basic overview of meningococcal disease, and provide you with some facts which can help families and providers understand and be aware of potential of meningococcal disease of students traveling home for the holidays.  Meningococcal disease can be devastating and can strike otherwise healthy individuals.  Every case of meningococcal disease really causes increased concern.  But outbreaks cause an especially high amount of anxiety.
  • Princeton and UC Santa Barbara
  • serogroup B meningococcal disease
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  • Meningococcal disease is caused by the bacteria neisseria meningitidis
  • ent.  Our universities—many universities have very high coverage with the licensed and recommended vaccine that protects against serogroup C and Y. So we started to see fewer cases of serogroup C and Y meningococcal disease and more cases of serogroup B disease.
  • Reports of this disease is more common in the winter months.  Typically almost all cases of meningococcal disease are sporadic.  Very few cases occur as part of our -- as part of an outbreak in terms of the total number of cases we see in the United States.  But we do see a couple of meningococcal disease outbreaks typically every year.
  • Meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, which is known as the meninges. 
  • Septicemia is an infection of the blood stream, and septicemia causes bleeding in the skin and organs and is often when we see complications from meningococcal disease that are not neurologic, it's frequently caused by septicemia.
  • bout 15 percent of survivors have long term disabilities such as loss of limbs, deafness, nervous system problems, or brain damage.  Early recognition and early treatment of meningococcal disease is key to reduce the long-term sequelae. 
  • ten difficult to diagnose meningococcal disease because often the first signs and symptoms are similar to the flu
  • even with antibiotic treatment, people die in about 10 to 15 percent of cases of meningococcal disea
  • Vaccination is the best way to prevent meningococcal disease when it's a vaccine preventable strain.  Hand washing and covering your coughs or sneezes is also a good practice to follow.  It's critical everybody be aware of the signs and symptoms of meningococcal disease and to seek treatment immediately. 
  • igns and symptoms of meningococcal disease include rapid onset of high fever, headache, and stiff neck.  And when we say headache, we mean it's among the worst headaches that somebody's had in their life.  And with the stiff neck, they really can't move their neck, or they can't, for example, touch their chin to their neck.  Towards their chest, excuse me.  Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, increased sensitivity to light, confusion, exhaustion, and sometimes a rash.
  • eningococcal bacteria are harder to spread than viruses
  • don't live long outside the body. 
  • pread through the exchange of respiratory secretions. 
  • oommates who spend a lot of time together, are potential close contacts of a case of meningococcal disease.
  • about 10 percent of people, not just in outbreaks, but all over in the United States, carry these bacteria in the back of their nose or throat and don't ever develop symptoms.  This is known as carriage or being a carrier.
  • nce a person becomes a carrier, most people develop immunity and the bacteria disappear from their nose and throat and then they're no longer a carrier.  But rarely, the bacteria invades the blood stream and this is what happens when a person develops the disease.
  • most cases of meningococcal disease appear to be random and aren't directly linked to each other.  Even in the case of an outbreak—the cases are not occurring among close contact with each other, it's happening in an organization or community. 
  • he most common one circulating in the United States are serogroups B, C and Y. 
  • e don't have a vaccine in the U.S. licensed to protect against serogroup B, which is the cause of the cases at Princeton University and UC Santa Barbara. 
  • Cases are reported quickly, meningococcal disease is highly recognized, and reported to health departments. 
  • CDC defines an outbreak of meningococcal disease of three or more cases in three months that can't be connected to each other.
  • these outbreaks occur in a certain population, like school or organizations.  Most outbreaks of this disease are self-limited and no more than three or four cases occur.  However, when cases continue to occur over several-month period, like what is happening at Princeton University, intervention is required to reduce the length of the outbreak. 
  • equesting use of vaccine for additional outbreaks when needed.
  • Partners are working hard to organize potential serogroup B vaccine campaigns at Princeton University as quickly as possible. 
  • o there's all sorts of quality things that are happening to make sure that the vaccine arrives and can be used safely and effectively.
  • Therefore, we are sending out a health alert to providers and state and local health departments, which will hopefully increase awareness for providers to consider meningococcal disease in their differential diagnosis, if a student presents with symptoms from one of these two universities. 
  • Serogroup is definitely a scientific word to describe the type of capsule around the meningococcal.  You can use the word strain when we describe different serogroups.  The word strain would be the b strain or c strain.  When we're talking about whether or not strains are linked to each other, there we do additional molecular testing which looks at more than the capsule to see if the strains are the same.  For example, we know that the strains that have caused all of the cases in -- at Princeton are identical.  That's what helps us understand if an outbreak is being caused by one strain.  And that doesn't necessarily mean you could have the same serogroup, but the strains could look a little different. 
  • f anything, it's just sorting reminding people to use good normal hygiene practices, such as washing your hands and coughing and sneezing into your arm.  And sort of having increased awareness for good hygiene practices. 
  • ases really do occur in this university setting where there's probably a very specific pattern of transmission among college students.  So we really don't have evidence to suggest that kids going home for Thanksgiving will be spreading the strain into those communities. 
  • here have been seven confirmed serogroup B cases at Princeton University, and one additional case in which additional testing is being conducted right now.  And there are three cases at UC Santa Barbara. 
  • But more people are carriers than there are actually cases.  I see what your question is, why are we not then worried about it spreading into the community.  We don't have a good -- we don't have a great understanding of the organism and how it spreads.  But what we do understand is that outbreaks really haven’t spread from universities into communities in the past.  There have been community outbreaks of meningococcal disease.  But we haven't seen cases occurring in universities expanding into those communities. 
  • So in most of our outbreaks, we see about three or four cases occur in a couple of month period of time and then we don't see additional cases.  Depending on the size of the college or organization in which the outbreak is occurring, those attack rates usually range anywhere from 10 to 20 per 100,000.  So one to two cases per 1,000 people at the university. 
  • Health officials follow up with a patient to see if they've come into close contact and then they recommend preventive antibiotics to close contacts.
  •  
    A recorded debriefing on recent trends of Meningitis by CDC officials
rjurski481

Hospital-acquired bacterial meningitis in neuros... [J Neurosurg. 1977] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

  • The authors review 23 cases of hospital-acquired meningitis occurring over a 15 year period in neurosurgical patients.
  • 23 cases of hospital-acquired meningitis occurring over a 15 year period in neurosurgical patients. Factors associated with the development of meningitis include recent craniotomy, cerebrospinal fluid leak, the presence of ventricular or lumbar drainage tubes, and skull fracture. Four cases were caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis; one of these patients died.
  • 19 cases, Gram-negative enteric bacteria were the etiologic agents, most commonly members of the Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia group. Eleven of these patients died. The particular antibiotic or group of antibiotics used and the route of administration made no difference in the outcome of Gram-negative bacillary meningitis.
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    how many patients get meningitis (neurological)
maireewelch329

Meningitis | Parasitic | CDC - 0 views

  • Causes
  • auses a brain infection that is usually fatal. The parasite enters the body through the nose and is caused by
  • very rare form of parasitic meningitis that c
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  • the microscopic ameba (a single-celled living organism) Naegleria fowleri.
  • Risk Factors
  • Bodies of warm freshwater, such as lakes and riversGeothermal (naturally hot) water, such as hot springsWarm water discharge from industrial plantsGeothermal (naturally hot) drinking water sourcesSwimming pools that are poorly maintained, minimally-chlorinated, and/or un-chlorinatedWater heaters. Naegleria fowleri grows best at higher temperatures up to 115°F (46°C) and can survive for short periods at higher temperatures.2, 3SoilNaegleria fowleri is not found in salt water, like the ocean.
  • Prevention
  • Infection is rare and typically occurs when people go swimming or diving in warm freshwater places, like lakes and rivers. Very rarely, infections have been reported when people submerge their heads, cleanse their noses during religious practices, or irrigate their sinuses (nose) using contaminated tap or faucet water. Naegleria fowleri can grow in pipes, hot water heaters, and water systems, including treated public drinking water systems.
  • Naegleria fowleri infects people when water containing the ameba enters the body through the nose.
bgibson167

Meningitis and Septicaemia | Health | Patient.co.uk - 0 views

  • Bacterial meningitis and associated septicaemia have become less common in a period of 25 years
  • However, there are still nearly 10 cases every day.
  • to 3,200 people every year.
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  • caused by a bacterium called Neisseria meningitidis
  • children under the age of 5 years and teenagers are the most at risk from meningococcal meningitis.
  • Viral meningitis is more common than bacterial meningitis but exact figures are not known. It is a complication of various viral illnesses.
  • Viral meningitis is usually less serious than a bacterial cause.
  • Other germs such as fungi and tuberculosis (TB) are rare causes of meningitis.
  • Meningitis is inflammation of the tissues around the brain. It is a serious condition, caused by various germs - bacteria, viruses and fungi. The infection that causes meningitis often causes a blood infection as well (this is known as septicaemia). If you suspect meningitis - obtain medical help immediately.
  •  
    Meningitis 
acerda265

Meningococcal | Community Settings Risk Factors | CDC - 0 views

  • College students, especially first-year college students living in residence halls, are at a slightly increased risk for meningococcal disease compared with other persons of the same age. Many states have adopted legislation requiring colleges to provide information on risks of meningococcal disease to incoming students and/or students residing on campus, and some have mandated vaccination for certain students, unless a vaccination waiver is provided.
  • College students, especially first-year college students living in residence halls, are at a slightly increased risk for meningococcal disease compared with other persons of the same age. Many states have adopted legislation requiring colleges to provide information on risks of meningococcal disease to incoming students and/or students residing on campus, and some have mandated vaccination for certain students, unless a vaccination waiver is provided.
  • First-year college students living in residence halls are recommended to be vaccinated with meningococcal conjugate vaccine
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  • within 5 years
  • The risk for meningococcal disease among non-first-year college students is similar to that for the general population. However, the vaccine is safe and effective and therefore can be provided to non-first-year college students.
ecampos693

Teens at Risk of Meningitis - 0 views

    • ecampos693
       
      Articles for teens and their risk against Meningitis and informs them about what they can do to prevent from getting it and what life style factors and choices they need to stay away from so they dont get Meningitis.
  • teenagers and young adults are at greater risk of getting meningococcal disease
  • 10% of the 500 to 1200 Americans who get meningococcal meningitis each year will die
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  • Sharing drinking glasses, eating utensils, or water bottles Being in crowded situations for prolonged periods of time Kissing Not getting enough sleep Smoking (or being exposed to smoke) Living in close quarters (eg, dormitories, boarding schools, sleep-away camps)
  • Meningococcal Meningitis Vaccination
ddail172

Meningitis, Bacterial Meningitis | Patient.co.uk - 0 views

  • eningitis occurs in people of all age groups but infants, young
  • he epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the UK has changed dramatically over a period of two decades following the introduction of vaccines to control
  • Haemophilus influenzae type b, serogroup C meningococcus and pneumococcal disease
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  • atients having spinal procedures (eg, spinal anaesthetics) are at increased risk and Pseudomonas spp. may then be the cause.
  • Other risk factors include bacterial endocarditis, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism and cirrhosis, intravenous drug abuse, renal insufficiency, adrenal insufficiency, malignancy (increased risk of listerial infection), hypoparathyroidism, thalassaemia major and cystic fibrosis.
  • Crowding (eg, military recruits and college students) increases the risk of outbreaks of meningococcal meningitis.
  • Neonat
  • fants and young children: H. influenzae type b, if younger than 4 years and unvaccinated; Neisseria me
  • Hospital-acquired and post-traumatic meningitis
  • N. meningitidis: usually local outbreaks among young adults
  • Meningococcal meningitis is endemic in parts of Africa, India and other developing nations.
  • Neonates are at greater risk of meningitis
  • ow birth weight (below 2500 g),
  • premature delivery, premature rupture of membranes, traumatic delivery, fetal hypoxia and maternal peripartum infection.
  • iral infec
  • on - eg, mumps, echovirus, Coxsackievirus, HSV and herpes zoster virus, HIV, measles, influenza, arboviruses.[10] 
  • Fungal infection:
  • alignant cells (leukaemia, lymphoma, other tumours).
  • Chemical meningitis (intrathecal drugs, contaminants).
  • Fever, headache.
  • tiff neck
  • Altered mental state, unconsciousness, toxic/moribund state
  • hock:
  • Kernig's sign
  • rudzinski's sign
  • Paresis, focal neurological deficits
  • eizures.
  • Vaccination against H. influenzae type b, meningococcus group C and S. pneumoniae. Appropriate prophylaxis of people in close contact with those diagnosed
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    Prevention of meningitis that s very organized
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