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Diagram.

Atherosclerosis is the predominant underlying pathology of cardiovascular disease...atherosclerotic lesions are characterized by abundance of immune cells and their effector molecules, eventually leading to unstable angina, myocardial infarction, or strok

The cellular and extracellular matrix accumulations that comprise the lesions of atherosclerosis are driven by local release of cytokines at sites of predilection for lesion formation, and by the specific attraction and activation of cells expressing rece

Clinical studies have reported that oral fish oil supplementation has beneficial effects in rheumatoid arthritis and among some patients with asthma, supporting the idea that the n-3 PUFA in fish oil are anti-inflammatory. There are indications that inclusion of n-3 PUFA in enteral and parenteral formulas might be beneficial to patients in intensive care or post-surgery.

Fatty acids, the immune response, and autoimmunity: a question of n-6 essentiality and the balance between n-6 and n-3.

Study provides the first evidence of a direct relationship between the depression of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by PIF and Ang II, through activation of PKR, and eIF2{alpha} phosphorylation, and the enhanced degradation of the myofibrillar protein myosin, through activation of NF-{kappa}B resulting in an increased expression and activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway. This suggests that agents that target PKR may be effective in the treatment of muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia or other wasting conditions.

Eley, HL and Tisdale, MJ: Nutritional Biomedicine, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham UK. January 2007

Skeletal Muscle Atrophy: Link between Depression of Protein Synthesis and Increase in Degradation -- Eley and Tisdale 282 (10): 7087 -- Journal of Biological Chemistry. Eley, HL and Tisdale, MJ: Nutritional Biomedicine, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham UK. January 2007