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Mice fed fish oil and curcumin showed a significantly reduced tumor volume, 25% (P < 0.04) and 43% (P < 0.005), respectively, and importantly, a combination of curcumin and fish oil diet showed > 72% (P < 0.0001) tumor volume reduction. Expression and activity of iNOS, COX-2, and 5-LOX are downregulated, and p21 is upregulated in tumor xenograft fed curcumin combined with fish oil diet when compared to individual diets. The preceding results evidence for the first time that curcumin combined with omega-3 fatty acids provide synergistic pancreatic tumor inhibitory properties. \n\nPrevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer by curcumin in combination with omega-3 fatty acids.\nSwamy MV, Citineni B, Patlolla JM, Mohammed A, Zhang Y, Rao CV. \nNutr Cancer. 2008;60 Suppl 1:81-9. \nPMID: 19003584

It was concluded that omega-3 fatty acid could inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990 cells and promote their apoptosis. The down-regulation of the cyclin E expression by omega-3 fatty acid might be one of the mechanisms for its anti-tumor effect on pancreatic cancer. \n\nModulatory effects of EPA and DHA on proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells.\nZhang W, Long Y, Zhang J, Wang C.\nJ Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2007 Oct;27(5):547-50.\nPMID: 18060632

PubMed abstracts and citations of landmark studies concerning PUFAs, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamine E, fish oils, and guidelines from the American Heart Association.

Clinical studies have reported that oral fish oil supplementation has beneficial effects in rheumatoid arthritis and among some patients with asthma, supporting the idea that the n-3 PUFA in fish oil are anti-inflammatory. There are indications that inclusion of n-3 PUFA in enteral and parenteral formulas might be beneficial to patients in intensive care or post-surgery.

Fatty acids, the immune response, and autoimmunity: a question of n-6 essentiality and the balance between n-6 and n-3.

Effect of a protein and energy dense n-3 fatty acid enriched oral supplement on loss of weight and lean tissue in cancer cachexia: a randomised double blind trial

Anticancer properties of oxidation products of docosahexaenoic acid.\nSiddiqui RA, Harvey K, Stillwell W.\nChem Phys Lipids. 2008 May;153(1):47-56. Epub 2008 Feb 23. Review.\nPMID: 18343223